{"id":50048373,"date":"2021-11-12T16:47:58","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T16:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=48373"},"modified":"2023-03-09T19:59:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T19:59:26","slug":"48324-brazil-investing-in-coal-power-despite-global-shifts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/48324-brazil-investing-in-coal-power-despite-global-shifts\/","title":{"rendered":"Brazil plans to continue investing in coal-fired power despite global shifts"},"content":{"rendered":"

Despite the worldwide mobilisation towards the adoption of renewable energy, the Brazilian government continues to promote the use of coal, the most polluting fossil fuel. The UN\u2019s climate conference, COP26, has seen more than 70 countries commit<\/a> to put an end to energy sources such as coal by mid-century. But Brazil did not sign the agreement.<\/p>\n

Going against the global trend, the country\u2019s government launched<\/a> a programme in August to strengthen coal mining. The plan aims to raise<\/a> 20 billion reais (US$3.7 billion) to revitalise coal-fired electricity production in southern Brazil, the region which holds the country\u2019s largest reserves of the mineral.<\/p>\n

Raising these funds, however, will be the biggest challenge for the coal industry and president Jair Bolsonaro’s government. The programme has ruled out using funds from the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), as the lender has been closing its doors to financing coal-fired plants since 2018. Therefore, the government hopes to attract financing from abroad \u2013 though this, too, may bring challenges.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Demonstrators,
Protestors demonstrate in Glasgow, where COP26 has taken held this November. More than 70 countries have committed to ending coal usage by the middle of the century. (Image: Tim Dennell <\/a> \/ Flickr <\/a>, CC BY <\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>\u201cChina has always been a partner in thermal projects around the world,\u201d comments Fernando Luiz Zancan, president of the Brazilian Association of Mineral Coal (ABCM). Currently, over 70%<\/a> of the coal-fired power plants being built around the world depend on Chinese funds.<\/p>\n

In Brazil, the Chinese state-owned enterprise PowerChina is investing<\/a> in the Pedras Altas plant in Rio Grande do Sul, which will have a capacity of 600 megawatts (MW). In addition, Chinese companies have already invested US$36.5 billion in energy projects in Brazil between 2005 and 2019, according to data<\/a> from Boston University\u2019s Global Policy Development Center. However, of that, only 4% \u2013 about US$1.5 billion \u2013 was in coal.<\/p>\n

New funding will have to be found, otherwise there will be an impact on the installation of new thermal plants<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

But this landscape is set to change. In September, China\u2019s president, Xi Jinping, announced<\/a> that his country will stop participating in the construction and public financing of coal-fired power plants abroad. Shortly before, Japan and South Korea had also announced cuts in the sector.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is international pressure for countries to stop burning coal because the climate impact is so great on a global scale,\u201d says Shigueo Watanabe Junior, a climate change and energy expert at the Climainfo Institute, a Brazilian environmental information organisation.<\/p>\n

Brazil’s coal sector apprehensive<\/h2>\n

For Zancan, it is still \u201cnecessary to wait\u201d to understand the practical ramifications of this new Chinese strategy for the case of Brazil.<\/p>\n

But Xi Jinping\u2019s announcement already has part of the coal sector worrying. \u201cWe need to admit that China is a world power and that any move by them has a global impact,\u201d says Genoir Jos\u00e9 dos Santos, president of the Interstate Federation of Coal Extraction Industry Workers in the South (Fitiec). \u201cA replacement [in funding] will have to be found, because without it, there will be an impact on the installation of new thermal plants.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

R$670 million<\/p>\n

\n
\nThe amount of subsidies received by Brazilian coal producers in 2020
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Faced with a scenario of increasingly scarce finance, the coal sector has pleaded for the expansion of subsidies. Today, this is done via the Energy Development Account (CDE), a fund for the development of the energy sector, including coal, supplied by charges to energy distribution companies.<\/p>\n

In 2020, coal producers received<\/a> 670 million reais in subsidies and, as laid out under the 2002 energy management law<\/a>, the CDE should continue to subsidise them until 2027. But a request for an amendment<\/a> to this bill is seeking to extend the deadline to 2035.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea is to arrange [this extension] with the rapporteur for the bill, for a subsequent vote by the Chamber of Deputies, then the Senate and the president\u2019s signature,\u201d explains Santos, from Fitiec. \u201cIf we don\u2019t succeed, this is of great concern.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"thermoelectric
A thermoelectric power plant in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul state, one of many facilities in the region that are the target of the government's new coal programme. (Image: Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul<\/a> \/ Flickr<\/a>, CC BY<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

According to ClimaInfo\u2019s Watanabe Junior, the industry is also mobilising to reestablish the credit line from the development bank, BNDES: \u201cWe know there is a strong lobby in congress by the owners of plants in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul for BNDES to resume the loan line for this activity.\u201d<\/p>\n

But the fear in the sector is that new investments for coal mining will cease in the short term. \u201cWe run the risk of running out of new projects because of the lack of future expectations,\u201d adds Santos. \u201cOpening a mine takes about three years because of the bureaucracy, impact mitigation studies and licenses, and it costs 15 million reais. Who will want to invest if in 2027 the transfer [of subsidies] will not continue?\u201d<\/p>\n

Going against the grain<\/h2>\n

The attempt by the Brazilian government and its coal industry to find ways to sustain coal mining adds to Brazil\u2019s already worn-out image at COP26, due to its consecutive wildfires<\/a> and continuing deforestation<\/a>, mainly in the Pantanal and the Amazon, and to the reduction of environmental supervision in the country.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis action by the Brazilian government goes against the world,\u201d comments Shigueo Watanabe Junior, from ClimaInfo.<\/p>\n

Jo\u00e3o Alfredo Lopes Nyegray, professor of international relations at Positivo University in Curitiba, agrees. \u201cBrazil, once a protagonist in the environmental agenda, is lagging behind [as] Europe, North America and parts of Asia seek to buy products from countries committed to sustainable development,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Brazil, once a protagonist in the environmental agenda, is lagging behind<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Lopes Nyegray points to the trade agreement between Mercosur and the European Union. \u201cIt is on standby for the Europeans, since they disagree with the current Brazilian stances on conservation,\u201d he comments.<\/p>\n

\u201cChina, admittedly a polluting country, has been changing its practices and policies and becoming an important and unexpected ally to sustainability,\u201d the professor adds. \u201cAt a time of economic contraction, the worst thing we could do would be to create unnecessary trade disputes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Zancan, the president of ABCM, believes the discussion is trivial \u2013 since coal accounts for less than 5%<\/a> of Brazil\u2019s electricity supply and the Brazilian energy matrix pollutes little. \u201cThe world knows this,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have been working for years to modernise the sector, because the plants are ageing. We want to reach an energy transition for the industry to move from high coal to low coal with CO2 capture,\u201d Zancan adds. \u201cThis technology is the way out.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Bolsonaro government\u2019s new coal plans face barriers to funding, and worsen the country\u2019s already worn-out image at COP26<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":50048333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[520,544,547,40027767],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021],"class_list":["post-50048373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-coal","tag-finance","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-subsidies","country-brazil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBrazil plans to continue investing in coal-fired power despite global shifts | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Bolsonaro government\u2019s new coal plans face barriers to funding, and worsen the country\u2019s already worn-out image at COP26\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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