{"id":50051880,"date":"2022-03-15T19:01:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T19:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=51880"},"modified":"2023-05-03T20:53:14","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T19:53:14","slug":"51880-argentina-belt-and-road-china-membership-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/51880-argentina-belt-and-road-china-membership-energy-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"Can Argentina\u2019s Belt and Road membership accelerate its energy transition?"},"content":{"rendered":"

President Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s trip to China in February heralded the accession of Argentina to the Belt and Road Initiative<\/a> (BRI), and confirmed a series of energy investments that could boost its energy transition \u2013 but also facilitate fossil fuel development.<\/p>\n

Argentina has had limited or no access to international financial markets for years, a situation that is likely to endure<\/a>, owing to its high level of sovereign debt. The nation did, however, recently agree a debt restructuring deal<\/a> with its main creditor, the International Monetary Fund. Meanwhile, China\u2019s interest as an investor in Argentina is growing, with the signed memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the BRI specifically mentioning the energy transition. <\/a><\/p>\n

\n

13%<\/p>\n

\n
\nThe current share of renewable energies in Argentina's energy mix. The country is aiming to reach 20% by 2025.
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Worldwide, nearly 40% of China\u2019s foreign investment under the framework of the BRI has gone to the energy sector, according to researchers at Fudan University<\/a>. Though China currently generates more than a quarter<\/a> of global carbon dioxide emissions, it has ambitious domestic decarbonisation plans, and with greater overseas investments in renewables, it could accelerate a global energy reconfiguration.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt [2020\u2019s] UN General Assembly, President Xi Jinping said that [China] will reach carbon neutrality by 2060<\/a>,\u201d said N\u00e9stor Restivo, a historian who specialises in the Argentina\u2013China relationship. In 2021, he added, \u201cno project involving coal anywhere in the world received BRI funding.\u201d Xi also pledged at 2021\u2019s UN assembly to pursue greater support for renewables worldwide<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s government estimates<\/a> that to meet its climate commitment of a 26% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030, it will need to incorporate between 8.7 and 11.8 gigawatts (GW) of renewable power by 2030. This will require investments of between US$422 million and $751 million annually. Argentina also has a target of achieving a 20% share of renewables in the energy mix by 2025. It\u2019s currently around 13%<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cChina has an overwhelming presence as a supplier of renewable energy inputs. With attractive financing behind it, it will continue to grow strongly in the local [Argentina] market. It has been doing so in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile,\u201d said Gustavo Castagnino, director of corporate affairs and sustainability at Genneia, Argentina\u2019s leading wind energy company.<\/p>\n

China in Argentina\u2019s energy sector<\/h2>\n

China is already a major player in the renewable energy sector in Argentina, in the supply of technology, the construction and operation of wind and solar farms, and the sale of equipment. China produces<\/a> about a third of the world\u2019s wind turbines, around 80% of solar panels and two thirds of lithium batteries.<\/p>\n

Chinese company Goldwind<\/a>, the second largest global manufacturer of wind turbines, owns the 250-megawatt (MW) Loma Blanca wind farm in the southern province of Chubut, and the 96 MW plant in Miramar, Buenos Aires province. PowerChina<\/a>, a state-owned construction and engineering company, built the plants.<\/p>\n

With attractive financing behind it, China will continue to grow strongly in the Argentine renewables market<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

PowerChina also built and operates the Cauchari solar park, the largest in the country<\/a>, with an installed capacity of 315 MW, which was contracted by JEMSE, a provincial state-run energy company in Jujuy province. The Chinese firm also built the Cafayate Solar Park project (101 MW), contracted by Canadian Solar, and the Diaguitas (2.4 MW) and Tamber\u00edas (3.6 MW) solar parks in San Juan province. It is also working on 65 MW of solar projects in C\u00f3rdoba.<\/p>\n

In wind, Chinese company Envision Energy has won contracts to develop the 10 MW Garc\u00eda del R\u00edo farm in Bah\u00eda Blanca, in the south of Buenos Aires province, and the 50 MW Vientos del Secano<\/a> wind farm in Villarino, Buenos Aires. Envision is also involved in the construction of the 125 MW Los Meandros wind farm in the southwestern province of Neuqu\u00e9n, although the project is currently in doubt due to difficulties in accessing finance.<\/p>\n

According to researcher Juliana Gonz\u00e1lez J\u00e1uregui in a report<\/a> for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, in 2016 and 2017, Chinese firms won 29% of the total number of projects awarded through the RenovAR programme, Argentina\u2019s regulatory framework that has sought to boost investment in the renewables sector. They acquired 19% of the megawatts tendered for wind energy and 45% for solar.<\/p>\n

New renewables projects<\/h2>\n

The closer relationship Argentina has developed with China<\/a> since Fern\u00e1ndez came to power in 2019 has laid the groundwork for unlocking new Chinese investment. This political relationship informs business decisions made by Chinese companies and facilitates bilateral financing mechanisms.<\/p>\n

The two countries identified ten infrastructure works to be financed by China in the Strategic Dialogue for Economic Cooperation and Coordination<\/a>, a roadmap for bilateral development cooperation. It includes a number of energy projects, the most advanced of which is the construction of hydroelectric plants on the Santa Cruz River<\/a> in Patagonia, which will add 1,300 MW of power to the national electricity system.<\/p>\n

\"PowerChina<\/a>
Read more: \u2018Argentina and China are natural partners,\u2019 says PowerChina’s Tu Shuiping<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

New infrastructure projects also include: the country\u2019s fourth nuclear power plant<\/a>, a US$8 billion project to add a further 1,200 MW, which will use a Chinese reactor; the 200 MW expansion of the Cauchari solar park for $200 million; and the Cerro Arauco solar park for another 200 MW.<\/p>\n

But that is not all. Chinese companies are also interested in the El Escorial wind farm in Chubut and in electricity transmission infrastructure in Buenos Aires. There is also the Potrero del Clavillo\u2013El Naranjal hydroelectric project in Catamarca province, for which the government has already signed<\/a> a memorandum of understanding with PowerChina.<\/p>\n

Chinese company Ganfeng Lithium, which is developing the Mariana<\/a> lithium production project in Salar de Llullailaco, Salta province, has contracted PowerChina to build a 30 MW solar farm to supply its own energy. Ganfeng Lithium also owns 51% of the Cauchar\u00ed-Olaroz project<\/a>, which is expected to start producing lithium in 2022. In addition, PowerChina has pipeline projects to supply 24 MW of energy to French company Eramet\u2019s lithium plant and 6 MW to the Australian firm Orocobre in Catamarca (6 MW).<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have important projects in operation and also to be developed in the short term in Argentina,\u201d said Tu Shuiping, president of the PowerChina in Argentina. \u201cThe incorporation of the country into the New Silk Road is a favourable condition.\u201d<\/p>\n

Fossil fuel investments<\/h2>\n

China is also an important player in the fossil fuel sector in Argentina and, despite its pledge to cut overseas coal investment<\/a>, there are also new non-renewables projects in the pipeline.<\/p>\n

Since 2010, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) has been a shareholder<\/a> in the Pan American Energy Group (PAE), the largest privately owned oil company in the country. PAE is the second largest operator in the Vaca Muerta unconventional oil and gas field, in terms of area awarded in its concessions.<\/p>\n

Also in 2010, Chinese firm Sinopec acquired US-based Occidental Petroleum\u2019s Argentinian assets, which represented the country\u2019s fifth largest oil company. However, in 2021, the national firm Compa\u00f1\u00eda General de Combustibles (CGC) bought this Argentina arm of Sinopec<\/a>, before the Chinese firm ceased operating in the country.<\/p>\n

China could also finance a new pipeline<\/a> that the government plans to build to transport an increased capacity of shale gas from Vaca Muerta to the provinces of Buenos Aires and Santa Fe, along with a connection to southern Brazil. Chinese entities are also interested in the installation of the Manuel Belgrano II combined cycle power plant<\/a>, which would contribute 810 MW of power to the electricity system.<\/p>\n

The potential<\/h2>\n

Beyond good political ties with China, Argentina\u2019s financial restrictions and the Asian country\u2019s interest in growing its equipment sales and energy companies\u2019 presence, the renewables market in Argentina faces a series of challenges ahead, especially with a number of previous projects remaining in a legal limbo.<\/p>\n

In 2018, the country entered an exchange rate crisis<\/a> that changed the financial landscape and led to the suspension of several investments that had been awarded during the Mauricio Macri administration. Many of projects were not decommissioned by companies, in order to avoid paying fines for non-compliance. While initiatives<\/a> are underway from the national government to clear this, there has been no final resolution<\/p>\n

At the same time, expanding the country\u2019s renewable energy matrix would require investments from the Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez administration or private companies on further high-voltage transmission lines, as the current ones are already at their maximum capacity<\/a>. Solar and wind resources are primarily located in the north and south of the country, away from its most populous cities.<\/p>\n

Argentina has excellent wind resources, growth potential, and laws and regulations that support the development of clean energy<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sources from the Ministry of Economy told Di\u00e1logo Chino that China\u2019s attractiveness as a development partner lies in its financial capacity, but that there are differences between foreign direct investment \u2013 in which the private company assumes the risk of the project \u2013 and a sovereign loan, in which the risk is transferred to the Argentine state. As such, only part of the foreign currency ends up in the country, while another portion stays in China to buy equipment.<\/p>\n

Marcelo Kloster, president of the Argentine state-owned energy company IMPSA, stressed that the incorporation of the nation\u2019s industry into the energy value chain is another, long-standing issue. The government is seeking to support national industries so that they can play a greater role. China is reportedly \u201cmore open than before\u201d to the idea, Kloster said.<\/p>\n

Ling Peitian, general manager of Goldwind Argentina, said that investing in Argentina carries extra risk compared to other South American countries due to its legal and regulatory volatility, foreign exchange restrictions and limited electricity transmission capacity. Yet, this does not detract from the \u201cvery high attractiveness\u201d of the market, Ling told Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are excellent wind resources, growth potential, and laws and regulations that support the development of clean energy. Furthermore, investments now fall under the BRI, China\u2019s international economic cooperation initiative, which Argentina has joined,\u201d Ling added.<\/p>\n

Editor’s note. This article was updated on March 16 to add information about the MoU between Argentina and China.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s agreement to join China\u2019s Belt and Road could bring a catalogue of new renewables investments. It could mean more fossil fuels too.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":50051893,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,757],"tags":[510,17073,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,20000110],"class_list":["post-50051880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-energy","tag-china-in-the-world","tag-energy-transition","tag-renewables","country-argentina","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCan Argentina\u2019s Belt and Road membership accelerate its energy transition? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As Argentina agrees to join China\u2019s Belt and Road, a catalogue of renewables investments could arrive. 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(Xinhua\/Martin Zabala)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/51880-argentina-belt-and-road-china-membership-energy-transition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Can Argentina\u2019s Belt and Road membership accelerate its energy transition?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/f24ba2ba7a17516eb6ba76277aedfae5","name":"Patrick Moore","description":"Patrick Moore is Assistant Editor for China Dialogue and Di\u00e1logo Chino. Prior to joining China Dialogue, he worked as an editor, translator and journalist for publications in China and the UK. He holds an MSc in Environment & Development from King\u2019s College London.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/pat-moore\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/javierlewkowicz\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50051880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3882"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50051880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50051880\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50051893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50051880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50051880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50051880"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=50051880"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=50051880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}