{"id":50052705,"date":"2022-04-08T16:01:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T15:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=52705"},"modified":"2023-05-12T19:31:27","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T18:31:27","slug":"52705-costa-rica-new-president-environment-record-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/52705-costa-rica-new-president-environment-record-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Costa Rica\u2019s new president puts country\u2019s environmental record at risk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Costa Rica\u2019s former finance minister Rodrigo Chaves was elected as the country\u2019s new president this past Sunday, defeating former president Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres in the second electoral round with 53% of the vote.<\/p>\n

The election of Chaves, a right-wing former World Bank economist who promised to shake up traditional politics during his campaign, has raised uncertainty among experts about the direction of climate action in Costa Rica \u2013 a nation that has won admiration in recent decades for its record on conservation and green issues<\/a>. Chaves\u2019 plans for his government, including on the environment, are seen as ambiguous, and he has previously made comments in favour of fossil fuel extraction.<\/p>\n

Since 2014, Costa Rica has generated almost all of its energy from renewable sources, a position that it aims to strengthen as part of its Decarbonisation Plan<\/a> to 2050, and its international commitments to the Paris Agreement. This progress, however, could now be at risk under the new government.<\/p>\n

\"Costa<\/a>
Read more: How Costa Rica reversed deforestation and raised millions for conservation<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During his campaign, Chaves expressed his willingness to exploit natural gas in Costa Rica, a measure that the country\u2019s business chambers have proposed in the past to reduce the high prices of electricity. To date, however, the country has not ventured into the gas extraction industry and has not confirmed<\/a> with formal studies the extent of the deposits of the fossil fuel it actually hosts.<\/p>\n

Even so, during a televised debate<\/a> ahead of the election, Chaves claimed that \u201cif gas exists and we verify the existence of the resource, we can use it and maintain a healthy and clean environment.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t think we have to take on the almost religious fanaticism of saying: let\u2019s not allow Costa Ricans to use and benefit from a resource that god gave us,\u201d the president-elect said.<\/p>\n

According to Adri\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez, director of the Costa Rica-based non-profit La Ruta del Clima, this is one of Chaves\u2019 most \u201cworrying\u201d proposals for climate action. Opening gas plants would prevent Costa Rica from meeting the targets of its decarbonisation plan and could affect the image of its successful ecotourism industry, an activity that represents 3% of GDP, he explained.<\/p>\n

Chaves\u2019 taste for fossil fuels is not recent. While serving as country director for Indonesia at the World Bank, his office financed several fossil fuel infrastructure projects, according to a report<\/a> by the Bank Information Center (BIC), an NGO that monitors the policies and operations of international financial institutions.<\/p>\n

During Chaves\u2019 time in the Indonesia post (2013\u20132019), the World Bank financed, among several other projects, a 2,000 MW coal plant on the island of Central Java, for more than US$4 billion, as well as over US$1 billion for transport networks for coal plants.<\/p>\n

In addition, the bank included coal plant expansion in plans for future development projects in Indonesia, but did not include any solar, wind and geothermal power, the BIC report said.<\/p>\n

This came despite increasingly loud warnings from the scientific community about the need to transition to clean energy and, in particular, to leave coal behind, since coal plants can generate up to twice as much CO2<\/a> as those using other fossil fuels, such as natural gas.<\/p>\n

Costa Rica\u2019s record at risk?<\/h2>\n

Currently, Costa Rica is taking a leading role in two highly ambitious global initiatives: the 30×30 initiative<\/a> that proposes to protect 30% of the planet\u2019s ecosystems by 2030; and the Beyond Oil & Gas Alliance<\/a>, which put proposals to completely eradicate all fossil fuels \u2013 including oil, coal and natural gas \u2013 on the table for the first time, at last November\u2019s COP26 climate negotiations<\/a>. Mart\u00ednez told Di\u00e1logo Chino that the country would likely continue with both initiatives, but its credibility could be affected, should Chaves act on his promises to pursue fossil fuel extraction.<\/p>\n

In its nationally determined contribution<\/a> (NDC) to the Paris Agreement, the Central American country, long recognised for its environmental leadership, committed to prohibit by law any type of exploration and exploitation of fossil fuels. It is currently prohibited by decree<\/a>, which could only be lifted by an executive decision by the future cabinet. The outgoing government of Carlos Alvarado tried to pass this bill through the country\u2019s congress in 2021, but did not get the necessary votes to succeed, due to the rejection of opposition legislators and pressure from business chambers.<\/p>\n

The Chaves government plan<\/a> mentions measures such as adaptation to climate change but without much detail, explained Pascal Girot, director of the school of geography at the Universidad de Costa Rica, and a veteran negotiator for the Costa Rican delegation to the United Nations.<\/p>\n

Costa Rica has played a leading role in influencing global actions to curb environmental crises. I don\u2019t think that will change.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The plan promises, for example, to \u201ccreate a [climate] damage-reduction plan in the first year of government, that determines which public investments will allow it to be mitigated.\u201d The previous government, however, was already developing a National Climate Change Adaptation Plan<\/a>, which has even gone through a public consultation process.<\/p>\n

Both Girot and Mart\u00ednez pointed out that environmental issues did not carry much weight in the decisions of the electorate. For Rodrigo Chaves\u2019 voters, the priority issues were corruption and the high cost of living, according to the latest poll<\/a> prior to the election, conducted by the Universidad de Costa Rica. On the other hand, voters for the opposition candidate, Figueres, cited unemployment and the Covid-19 pandemic as priorities. Ultimately, Costa Rica saw an unusually low turnout, with more than 40% of eligible voters not casting their ballot.<\/p>\n

Despite differences in voter priorities, both experts agreed that the country has a robust system of environmental laws and citizen participation, which would allow climate action to continue regardless of the government in power.<\/p>\n

\u201cCosta Rica has a tradition of playing a leading role in influencing global actions to curb environmental crises. I don\u2019t think that will change,\u201d Girot said.<\/p>\n

Other environmental issues on hold<\/h2>\n

The change of government comes at a delicate moment for the protected areas of Costa Rica, which have suffered cuts of up to a third<\/a> of their budget during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Chaves plan does not mention this issue, nor alternative sources of funding for state protected areas.<\/p>\n

Elsewhere, some of the infrastructure projects proposed by the president-elect conflict with nature conservation. Chaves\u2019 plan proposes the construction of a \u201cdry canal\u201d that allows the passage of merchandise by land between the country\u2019s Caribbean and Pacific coasts.<\/p>\n

It is not the first time the construction of a port has been proposed for the Pacific coast of northern Costa Rica \u2013 an area visited by humpback whales and different species of sharks, rays and dolphins. The management plans<\/a> of the Guanacaste Conservation Area, where the construction of the port has been proposed, identified the port proposal as a threat to the \u201cecological integrity\u201d of the site.<\/p>\n

\"Park<\/a>
Read more: Costa Rica\u2019s protected areas hit hard by budget cuts<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Another key issue for the country is the energy transition. Costa Rica\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 76%<\/a> in the last 30 years, according to its latest emissions inventory. The increase was mainly due to the huge footprint of the transport sector<\/a> and the growth in the number of petrol-powered vehicles. In an attempt to reduce this impact, the country\u2019s decarbonisation plan announced a target of 85% of the transport fleet to be electric by 2050, as well as the creation of an electrified urban train network.<\/p>\n

Chaves\u2019 government plan also proposes an electric train network for the country\u2019s Greater Metropolitan Area around the capital San Jos\u00e9, the main source of its emissions, in line with the proposals of the decarbonisation plan. However, his proposals reject continuing with the same project promoted by the current government, for which there is already a feasibility study and a US$550 million loan approved<\/a> by the Central American Bank for Economic Integration.<\/p>\n

Instead, the Chaves plan proposes to \u201crethink a metropolitan electric train with rigorous studies that the current proposal is lacking\u201d, without specifying what or how far-reaching this \u201crethinking\u201d would be.<\/p>\n

Outside of his written government plan, and primarily through interviews, Chaves has expressed his opposition to the Escaz\u00fa Agreement<\/a>, a regional environmental human rights treaty previously promoted and signed by Costa Rica, and named after one of its cities.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt doesn\u2019t add anything new to our legislation and it creates litigation issues, messing things up at a time when we need to get this country\u2019s production skyrocketing again,\u201d Chaves said during an interview<\/a> released by his campaign on 17 February.<\/p>\n

In this vein, the president-elect has also indicated openness to carrying out feasibility studies for once again permitting trawling in the country\u2019s waters. This technique has been prohibited by the Constitutional Chamber of Costa Rica since 2013, due to its high impact on marine species and lack of a full scientific understanding of its consequences.<\/p>\n

On top of his environmental antagonism, Chaves was elected president of Costa Rica in spite of numerous allegations of sexual harassment during his time at the World Bank \u2013 something that also raised questions during the election campaign around his commitment to gender and human rights issues. He was demoted by the bank in 2019 \u2013 but not fired \u2013 for his sexual misconduct.<\/p>\n

Chaves\u2019 plans for Costa Rica and its environment should become clearer in the coming weeks, with the president-elect due to take office on 8 May.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Victory for Rodrigo Chaves concerns activists due to his support for fossil fuel extraction, threatening decarbonisation and conservation successes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":50052722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[520,523,547],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000023],"class_list":["post-50052705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-coal","tag-conservation","tag-fossil-fuels","country-costa-rica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCosta Rica\u2019s new president puts country\u2019s environmental record at risk | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Victory for Rodrigo Chaves concerns activists due to his support for fossil fuels, threatening decarbonisation and conservation successes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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