{"id":50054166,"date":"2022-05-20T16:47:25","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T15:47:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=54166"},"modified":"2023-06-14T19:07:14","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T16:07:14","slug":"54166-bolivia-solar-power-challenges-high-potential","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/54166-bolivia-solar-power-challenges-high-potential\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolivia has high solar power potential, but faces challenges scaling up"},"content":{"rendered":"

Perched at 3,730 metres above sea level in the community of Ancotanga, the Oruro solar power plant is one of the flagship projects in Bolivia\u2019s energy transition. With more than 300,000 panels deployed over an area of 214 hectares, it is the largest of its kind in the country, with a production capacity of 100 megawatts (MW) \u2013 a sizeable output, but not enough on its own to turn Bolivia\u2019s energy mix away from fossil fuels and towards renewables.<\/p>\n

Given Bolivia\u2019s strong and consistent solar radiation, the country has high potential to expand its photovoltaic energy production capacity, and new plants with an additional capacity of 300 MW are already being studied. However, specialists are calling for a broader restructuring of entrenched economic and energy models, which depend largely on the exploitation of fossil fuels \u2013 primarily natural gas \u2013 as well as the distribution of the resources derived from their sale, and the subsidised supply of hydrocarbons to the domestic market.<\/p>\n

Advantageous and encouraging<\/h2>\n

The Oruro solar plant was installed in two phases, and is divided into two plants. The first, executed under the government of former president Evo Morales, brought capacity of 50 MW. The second, seen through under Luis Arce\u2019s current government, and completed<\/a> in February 2021, increased capacity to 100 MW, which supplies the National Interconnected System (SIN), Bolivia\u2019s national grid.

<\/p>\n
\"Bolivia
map showing the Oruro solar power plant, Bolivia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>This work was financed by the French Development Agency (AFD), the European Union and the Central Bank of Bolivia, with a total investment of US$97.4 million.<\/p>\n

\u201cCurrently, both plants are operating satisfactorily, contributing a great deal of renewable energy,\u201d said Rodrigo Corrales, general manager of ENDE Guaracachi, the state-owned electricity company that operates the complex.<\/p>\n

Corrales also affirmed that the surrounding Oruro department \u201cis its main market\u201d, but when demand in the region is less than the capacity of the solar plant, the energy is transmitted to neighbouring departments, including La Paz and Potos\u00ed.<\/p>\n

The plant is located on a semi-desert of the Altiplano, or Andean Plateau, some 230 km south of La Paz, and another 40 km from the department\u2019s capital city, also named Oruro. Corrales says that this positioning gives the plant a number of advantages, such as lower temperatures than other areas of the country, which improve the performance of the photovoltaic modules as they do not overheat. In addition, as the Bolivian Altiplano is one of the regions that receives the highest levels of solar radiation<\/a> on the planet, \u201cthe energy potential is much greater, and allows a greater amount of energy to be produced [using solar],\u201d Corrales explains.<\/p>\n

More small solar plants and storage in Bolivia<\/h2>\n

When its second phase was inaugurated in February 2021, President Arce highlighted the importance of the project for the country\u2019s energy transition. \u201cWe are making progress in changing the energy matrix towards clean and renewable energy. We are generating economic development and guaranteeing electricity for the [Oruro] department, taking care of Pachamama [Mother Earth],\u201d he tweeted<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Corrales claims that since it has been in service, the Oruro plant has produced approximately 237 gigawatt hours of energy, preventing more than 188,627 tonnes of CO2 from being emitted into the atmosphere, according to his calculations.<\/p>\n

\"Poster<\/a>
Read more: With its gas in decline, Bolivia faces an involuntary energy transition<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Bolivian government intends to install new plants of this type in the Altiplano region. At the end of 2021, the Minister of Hydrocarbons and Energy, Franklin Molina, announced<\/a> an intention to add 500 MW of new renewable and clean energy projects.<\/p>\n

Corrales confirms that the possibility of installing photovoltaic plants with a combined capacity of an additional 300 MW is being studied. \u201cWe are analysing these and looking for the ideal sites,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Specialists have some recommendations for these new solar energy projects. Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez, an energy researcher and director of Bolivian development organisation Energ\u00e9tica<\/a>, told Di\u00e1logo Chino that the installation of smaller, more distributed plants than that at Ancotanga would be more appropriate, in order to reduce the impact when clouds gather and hinder solar panels\u2019 capacity to generate electricity.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe clouds pass by at 70 kilometres per hour. We may not feel the shadow, but the solar panels do. The moment clouds pass, there is a dip in power. Even if it lasts 10 or 3 seconds, you have to activate 100 megawatts somewhere else to compensate,\u201d says Fern\u00e1ndez.<\/p>\n

\n

Plateau potential<\/p>\n

\n
\nMost areas of the Bolivian Altiplano highlands receive a daily average of over 8 kilowatt hours per m2 of potential solar energy \u2013 some of the highest levels in the world \u2013 according to Global Solar Atlas<\/a>
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

\u201cBy creating smaller and separate solar plants, we minimise the potholes,\u201d the specialist adds.<\/p>\n

It would also be advisable to pursue better monitoring and weather forecasting systems to anticipate the energy dips that clouds can bring, says Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez, also a specialist in alternative energies. He proposes exploring long-term battery storage for situations in which solar energy output decreases, due to cloud cover or the arrival of night.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe could look into [hydropower] pumping stations to store potential energy in the form of water, alongside the use of photovoltaic panels,\u201d says Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez. For these and other alternatives, it is essential to expand and diversify the sources of financing, which he says are still limited. He proposes seeking external financiers that, currently, Bolivia is \u201cnot exploiting to the maximum\u201d.<\/p>\n

Major challenges for solar power in Bolivia<\/h2>\n

The satisfaction with the performance of the Oruro plant, as well as the optimism for installing similar projects, contrasts with the size of the challenge Bolivia has set itself in its commitments to move away from a reliance on hydrocarbons \u2013 a challenge that means replacing the majority of the 30.59 million barrels of oil equivalent of useful energy that fossil fuels are expected to provide in Bolivia by 2040, according to a WWF Bolivia<\/a> evaluation.<\/p>\n

For several decades, the Bolivian economy has been sustained<\/a> by the income generated by the sale of natural gas to neighbouring countries, such as Brazil and Argentina. The country\u2019s energy policy includes subsidies for natural gas, and allows the distribution of gas royalties among strategic sectors of the country, such as local governments and universities.<\/p>\n

\"solar<\/a>
Recommended: Solar energy advances in the Amazon. But why so slowly?<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Experts in energy issues see the subsidy policy as an obstacle to progress in the transformation of the energy mix. In a recent interview<\/a> with Reuters, Mauricio Medinaceli, an economist and former Minister of Hydrocarbons, said that \u201cthere is no possibility for renewable energies to compete with the price of subsidised gas\u201d.<\/p>\n

For Medinaceli, \u201cthere is an excessive use of natural gas precisely because it is cheap. In this context, asking people to use solar energy or wind energy is very difficult because these energies are more expensive than subsidised natural gas.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bolivia\u2019s currently derives 93% of its energy from fossil fuels \u2013 namely gas and diesel \u2013 including electricity production in thermoelectric plants, which continues to be the most important in terms of volume, says Energ\u00e9tica\u2019s Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez.<\/p>\n

If only the electricity sector is analysed, the specialist says, \u201cthe energy generated by thermoelectric plants [that operate with fossil fuels] represents 70% of the total, while the remaining 30% corresponds to that generated by solar, hydroelectric, wind, biomass and combined cycle plants.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Bolivian government has set itself the goal<\/a> of sourcing only 22% of electricity from fossil fuels by 2025, while 74% would come from hydroelectric plants and the remaining 4% from renewable sources.<\/p>\n

Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez believes it is essential to continue working to meet these goals. He proposes that Bolivia should aim for 73% of the total energy it consumes to be renewable by 2040. \u201cWith this trend towards 2040, we would reach [carbon neutrality by] 2050 without major problems,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

The IPCC says we must reduce global energy sector emissions to 45% by 2030. What are we doing? Not enough.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

According to his projections, by 2040, the electric power production capacity should grow to 18,000 MW. Currently, it is around 3,200 MW, a volume that is double the national demand. But, in two decades, \u201cthe installed capacity should reach 18,000 MW,\u201d Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez insists, even though this would require \u201cthe whole sector to grow 10 times\u201d. This added capacity would strengthen Bolivia\u2019s aim of becoming a regional energy centre selling vast surpluses to neighbouring countries \u2013 a vision launched by former president Morales in 2014.<\/p>\n

Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez understands that there are other complex challenges on the road to a successful energy transition. On the one hand, there is the technological issue; on the other, the redesign of fiscal policies, which requires a rethink of a productive economic system that no longer depends on oil income, and of ways to make up for any economic imbalances that the transition to other energies may bring.<\/p>\n

And there is one more challenge \u2013 one that Miguel Fern\u00e1ndez considers the greatest: to make decision-makers and wider society in Bolivia aware of the urgency of the energy transition.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe UN\u2019s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change tells us that by 2030 we have to reduce global emissions from the energy sector to 45%. What are we doing? Not enough.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The new 100 MW Oruro solar plant is a boost to Bolivia\u2019s energy transition, but there are obstacles to harnessing the radiation potential of its western highlands<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":50054209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[17073,20000325,585,593],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002592],"class_list":["post-50054166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-transition","tag-industry","tag-renewables","tag-solar","country-bolivia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBolivia has high solar power potential, but faces challenges scaling up | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 100 MW Oruro solar plant boosts Bolivia\u2019s energy transition, but there are challenges to harnessing the potential of its sunny highlands\" 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He holds an MSc in Environment & Development from King\u2019s College London.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/pat-moore\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/santiagoespinoza\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50054166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3882"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50054166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50054166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50054209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50054166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50054166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50054166"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=50054166"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=50054166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}