{"id":50060711,"date":"2022-11-17T18:28:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-17T18:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=60711"},"modified":"2023-09-11T17:40:27","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T16:40:27","slug":"60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/","title":{"rendered":"COP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Loss and damage \u2013 the term used to describe the costs of the unavoidable and irreparable damage caused by extreme weather and climate change \u2013 has been a central theme of the COP27 climate summit<\/a> currently taking place in Egypt. At its opening ceremony, UN Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres warned that the outcome on this issue will determine the success or failure of the meeting.<\/p>\n

For developing countries, loss and damage has become such a central cause given the urgency of the here and now: lives are already being lost to climate change, rivers are drying up, livestock are dying, and each passing day more alarming disasters are seen around the world. Under the G77 and China bloc, a coalition of 134 developing countries, these more vulnerable nations are demanding a specialised facility that finances material and immaterial losses caused by climate disasters.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a>
Read more: What is loss and damage, and what does it mean for Latin America?<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

So far, several countries have made financial pledges<\/a> towards loss and damage, but as the COP27 conference enters its final days, no clear conclusion has yet been reached on a dedicated fund earmarked for this purpose.<\/p>\n

The long-standing sticking point is the issue of responsibility. Those demanding a loss and damage facility argue that developed countries must pay compensation to developing nations who, despite being responsible for a comparatively small share of global emissions, are bearing the costs of the most severe impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is a complicated issue, because those countries that have based their development on extraction now have to put part of the wealth they have accumulated towards compensating for the damage they have committed,\u201d said Tania Guill\u00e9n, a Nicaraguan climate scientist. \u201cThey are beginning to talk about responsibilities and how to identify those responsibilities.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such arguments have stoked debate and been met with objections in many corners. Developed countries, in particular, have been reluctant to accept a narrative of blame, fearful that if compensation is mentioned, it could open the door to further, unpayable reparations.<\/p>\n

Developed countries now have to put part of the wealth they have accumulated towards compensating for the damage they have committed<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The United States\u2019 special envoy on climate, John Kerry, has reportedly said<\/a> his country is \u201canxious to see the loss and damage issue dealt with\u201d at COP27, and has anticipated \u201creal\u201d talks over it, but as yet no concrete plan has been put forward.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Xie Zhenhua, China\u2019s climate envoy, told<\/a> reporters that the country is open to the possibility of a loss and damage fund, but that it feels \u201cno obligation\u201d to contribute; despite being, currently, the world\u2019s second largest economy and the largest annual emitter of greenhouse gases, China, which faces severe threats from climate change<\/a>, positions itself as a developing country in climate negotiations.<\/p>\n

Such exchanges are illustrative of the wavering and controversies around loss and damage. The risk, now more than ever, is that the conversation becomes increasingly diluted, descending into mere blaming and finger pointing, and ultimately coming to nothing.<\/p>\n

The culprits<\/h2>\n

The big question is who is responsible for climate change? And who should pay for its consequences? The answer might seem simple: developed countries should pay because they are responsible for the vast majority of the emissions that drive climate change and cause loss and damage. But it is not that simple.<\/p>\n

\"people<\/a>
Read more: Emissions rise across the G20 after pandemic disruption<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Though China is now the world\u2019s number one emitter, in terms of total annual greenhouse gases, it is the United States that leads the way in per capita emissions<\/a>, followed by Russia, Japan, China and the European Union. Further down the list of largest overall emissions, the complexity of the issue begins to show: Brazil ranks at number seven and Mexico number thirteen \u2013 both of them \u201cdeveloping\u201d countries.<\/p>\n

The classification of developed and developing countries has long been called into question<\/a>: whether to place China, with a GDP of almost US$18 trillion, in the same bracket as, for example, Trinidad and Tobago, a Caribbean island nation with a GDP of US$21 billion, is open to debate. In this regard, the two do not have the same resources to face climate disasters.<\/p>\n

There are many who argue that the culprits, then, are those that have generated the largest share of historical emissions<\/a> since the industrial revolution, and who have developed their economy based on fossil fuels. By this measure, the United States is, by some distance, the number one contributor, followed by China and Russia.<\/p>\n

Adding to the complexity, however, is the presence of developing nations Brazil, Indonesia and India among the top ten, with emissions from land use change and deforestation in these countries making significant contributions to historical emissions. To this must be added the thorny issue of data collection: depending on how these emissions are measured, and to whom they are attributed, the results and rankings can change.<\/p>\n

How do companies making 200 billion dollars in profits not expect to contribute to a loss and damage fund?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It gets even more complex. What about private companies, and their contributions? Some companies are responsible for emissions larger than entire countries. Shouldn\u2019t they pay for this directly? The prime minister of Barbados, Mia Mottley, in her address at COP27, suggested the idea that fossil fuel companies should pay for these damages, and their portion of the responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt cannot just be a matter of asking state parties to do the right thing,\u201d she told world leaders. \u201cOil and gas companies and those who facilitate them must be brought into a special convocation between now and COP28.<\/p>\n

\u201cHow do companies make 200 billion dollars in profits in the last three months and not expect to contribute at least 10 cents in every dollar of profit to a loss and damage fund?\u201d<\/p>\n

What now for loss and damage?<\/h2>\n

\u201cBeyond what is being discussed here [at COP27] and in developed countries, it is the needs of vulnerable communities that are important,\u201d said Adri\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez, director of La Ruta del Clima, a Costa Rican NGO promoting public participation in climate action.<\/p>\n

\"nicol\u00e1s<\/a>
Read more: COP27: Latin America edges towards unity on climate at Egypt summit<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThe biggest hurdle is maintaining unity in the global south, not in a discussion that leads us to a situation of political positions,\u201d he added. \u201cThe question is where the resources are going to come from, to provide help for the people who see their food sources destroyed every day, or see that there is no school, or no home.\u201d<\/p>\n

This cannot wait any longer, Mart\u00ednez urged, adding that there is a sense of urgency that global north negotiators cannot understand, as they are not the ones who have to face such challenges.<\/p>\n

Some uncomfortable questions remain to be answered. What about those developing countries of medium or high income that are currently among the main emitters \u2013 India, China, Brazil or Mexico? What happens to people within developed countries that are on lower incomes, undocumented and\/or have no state protection when climate disasters arrive? Shouldn\u2019t they have access to loss and damage remedies as well?<\/p>\n

None of these questions are easy to answer. What is certain is that disasters linked to extreme weather events and climate change are affecting populations all over the planet.<\/p>\n

During the pandemic, collaboration<\/a> emerged at a global level: resources and technologies from capable countries were donated to others. A sense of planetary urgency arose. Climate change is similar: a planetary event that threatens the wellbeing of all. But it is a global fight that, for now, remains bogged down in attributing blame.<\/p>\n

If leaders can channel the lessons of the Covid-19 era, a study<\/a> by the Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation suggests, this urgently needed level of global solidarity could be achieved to coordinate an international effort and ensure that vulnerable developing countries have the support they so urgently need.<\/p>\n

COP27 continues until Friday, 18 November, though it is not uncommon for the summits to overrun as negotiations and agreements are finalised.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As finger-pointing continues among countries, questions remain over where financing for the destruction from increasingly frequent extreme weather events will come from<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3882,"featured_media":50060733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,50039900],"tags":[519,20000192,569],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-50060711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-justice","tag-climate-impacts","tag-disasters","tag-negotiations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCOP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As finger-pointing continues, questions hang over where financing for loss and damage from increasing climate disasters will come from\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"COP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As finger-pointing continues, questions hang over where financing for loss and damage from increasing climate disasters will come from\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-17T18:28:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-11T16:40:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Loss-and-damage_Haiti-hurricane-Matthew_Carlos-Garcia-Rawlins_Alamy_2CR9EGF-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1334\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Patrick Moore\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"COP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"As finger-pointing continues, questions hang over where financing for loss and damage from increasing climate disasters will come from\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Patrick Moore\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/f24ba2ba7a17516eb6ba76277aedfae5\"},\"headline\":\"COP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change?\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-17T18:28:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-11T16:40:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\"},\"wordCount\":1371,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Loss-and-damage_Haiti-hurricane-Matthew_Carlos-Garcia-Rawlins_Alamy_2CR9EGF-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Climate impacts\",\"Disasters\",\"Negotiations\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate\",\"Justice\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/60711-cop27-loss-and-damage-climate-change-who-to-blame\/\",\"name\":\"COP27: Who\u2019s to blame for loss and damage from climate change? 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