{"id":50362193,"date":"2023-01-12T16:33:21","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T16:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=62193"},"modified":"2023-09-13T20:47:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T19:47:13","slug":"362193-can-renewable-energy-help-reduce-inequality-in-the-amazon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/362193-can-renewable-energy-help-reduce-inequality-in-the-amazon\/","title":{"rendered":"Can renewable energy help reduce inequality in the Amazon?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Unlikely as it may seem, there is no shortage of energy in the Peruvian Amazon. While less than 20%<\/a> of the 2,703 native communities who call this tropical forest home have electric lighting connected to the public grid, this significant deficit has been compensated with communal energy sources such as generators or solar panels, which are found in at least 840 communities. Against this backdrop, renewable energies have over the last 10 years been emerging as a way to bring power to a greater proportion of Amazon households, a population that has often felt forgotten.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe potential of renewable energies for the Amazon is enormous,\u201d Miguel Inch\u00e1ustegui, Peru\u2019s former Minister of Energy and Mines, told Di\u00e1logo Chino. \u201cCurrently in this region the largest proportion of energy is obtained from the use of fossil fuels, which is detrimental to health and the environment. It is necessary and urgent to promote renewable energies with greater emphasis so that they can be used more widely.\u201d<\/p>\n

In recent years, several initiatives have duly been launched to promote and provide access to renewables in Amazonian communities. Di\u00e1logo Chino recently visited some of the most prominent projects, which have made use of solar power to improve access to education, brought electricity to schools, homes and health centres, and supported community business with sustainable sources of energy.<\/p>\n

Radios that educate<\/h2>\n

During the first two years of the Covid-19 pandemic, education was one of the most affected sectors in Peru, with the country enforcing some of the world\u2019s strictest lockdown measures. Although the Peruvian state promoted learning programmes through television, radio and the internet, and distributed more than a million tablets with educational content nationwide, in its Amazon regions, some 42%<\/a> of children and young people between the ages of 6 and 16 were unable to attend classes due to lack of electricity and connectivity.<\/p>\n

\"Internet<\/a>
Read more: In Peru, a project to bring internet to remote areas progresses<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

According to INEI<\/a>, Peru\u2019s national statistics agency, around 2,604 native communities in the Amazon have some form of educational institution, of which 17.1% (444) are connected to the national grid, 13.7% (358) use solar panels, while 64.3% (1,675) have no access to any of these services.<\/p>\n

Many households, health centres and educational institutions in the Peruvian Amazon use generators as a source of energy, which are expensive and run on gasoline, a fuel that is often unavailable. As a result, communities spend a large part of their often meagre income on fuel and maintenance of these generators.<\/p>\n

In 2021, the Apostolic Vicariate of Iquitos<\/a>, a Catholic mission based in Iquitos, the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon, set out to improve access to education by developing and distributing solar-powered radios for young people to follow the lessons offered by the Ministry of Education and the authorities of the Loreto region. Children could access these through local radio stations and the vicariate\u2019s own radio station, La Voz de la Selva<\/a> (The Voice of the Jungle).

<\/p>\n
\"Child
A child is pictured with a solar-powered radio provided by a Catholic mission in the city of Iquitos, which raised funds to improve access to distance education in the Peruvian Amazon during the Covid-19 lockdowns (Image courtesy of Apostolic Vicariate of Iquitos)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>\u201cWhile this project was initiated for education, we all know the importance of a radio in the home, especially in places where there are no other means of communication,\u201d Miguel Fuertes, a priest and administrator for the vicariate, told Di\u00e1logo Chino. \u201cSo, they are not only useful for classes, but also to be informed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Since 2021, 6,000 radios have been distributed in 54 rural communities across the vast department of Loreto, by far Peru\u2019s largest region, but also its most sparsely populated.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe radios are eco-friendly. They are made of recyclable material and have built-in solar panels and rechargeable batteries, which enhances their use,\u201d Fuertes added. The radios do not rely on batteries and, compared to computers and phones, are relatively inexpensive, with each one costing US$20\u201325 to make. The next stage of the vicariate\u2019s plan is to build 16 solar-powered radio stations across the Loreto region.<\/p>\n

Light Up the Amazon<\/h2>\n

Also interested in bridging the inequality gap in education is Light Up the World<\/a>, a Canadian charity that launched its Light Up the Amazon project in 2020. After identifying and assessing Indigenous communities without access to electricity, they decided to implement electrification projects using solar systems in Soledad, Cucuasa and Dos de Mayo, communities of the Wampis nation, located in the district of Rio Santiago in Peru\u2019s Amazonas region.

<\/p>\n
\"A
A solar panel installed by the Light Up the Amazon project in a Wampis Indigenous community in Rio Santiago district (Image courtesy of Light Up the World)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>In 2021, the project brought electricity to six schools in these localities. \u201cThanks to this support, more than 487 students between the ages of 3 and 17, plus 45 teachers and more than 1,500 Peruvians in these native communities now have access to electricity,\u201d Milagros del Carmen Huam\u00e1n, their regional operations manager, told Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/p>\n

The schools currently have systems ranging from 500 to 1,300 watts of solar modules installed, enough to simultaneously power small appliances such as fans, lighting and computers. Electrics were installed in each of the classrooms, offices and bathrooms, with 5 W bulbs and sockets for the use of laptops, mobile phones, TVs, radios and projectors.

<\/p>\n
\"People
The Light Up the Amazon project has so far benefitted three communities in the Peruvian Amazon, bringing electricity access to more than 1,500 people (Image courtesy of Light Up the World)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>\u201cWe have a lifelong impact on our beneficiaries,\u201d said Huam\u00e1n. \u201cWe help them to stop using polluting fuel-based lighting and expensive single-use batteries. And we give them the opportunity to use useful technologies and tools in their daily tasks.\u201d<\/p>\n

The charity is currently raising funds to electrify two more schools in Rio Santiago.<\/p>\n

Light at home<\/h2>\n

Created by the Acciona Foundation, a Spanish organisation promoting energy and water access, Acciona Peru<\/a> leads the group\u2019s Amazon Light at Home project. In 2021, it commissioned a solar plant in the native community of Copal Urco, of the Indigenous Kichwa people, in the Napo River basin, also in the Loreto region. With an installed capacity of 33.5 kW, it provides electricity to 60 households, community premises and street lighting. The homes receive six hours of light a day, three hours more than before. Schools, the health centre and the community centre have 24-hour electricity, and street lighting lasts for three hours.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Read more: Solar panels bring light to Amazon communities<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The project also aims to avoid the emission of more than 50 tonnes of CO2 per year, and its 110 kWh lithium-ion battery electricity storage system is key to this. Diesel, the fuel of frequent resort for generators, is relegated to emergency-only use, should there be a failure in the photovoltaic system.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur business model is a social micro-enterprise,\u201d Jessica Olivares, manager of Acciona Peru, told Di\u00e1logo Chino, adding that both sustainable economics and welfare are important to the project. \u201cWe charge an affordable fee for the service we provide.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to the project\u2019s calculations, the inhabitants of Copal Urco used to spend between US$5 and US$7 a month on energy, buying diesel, candles and paraffin. Now, their quarterly spend is US$2.5.<\/p>\n

These households are served through the Light at Home centre, run by a local entrepreneur who has been trained by Acciona to carry out the work, from advice, repair or management of the panels, to the generation of prepaid codes for unlocking the systems and the sale of electrical appliances.<\/p>\n

The prepaid facility provides flexibility for families, allowing them to buy in advance a quantity of energy to be consumed within no set time frame. \u201cWhen it is about to run out, the user receives a text message, sent by the prepaid software linked to his or her home\u2019s meter with a warning,\u201d Olivares explained.<\/p>\n

Fresh fish<\/h2>\n

The Pastaza River that flows through the northwest of the Peruvian Amazon is rich in aquaculture resources, which have long been exploited by native communities in the province of Datem del Mara\u00f1\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

These communities fish for both food and income. In order to preserve their catches, and allow them to last at least a month, most use large quantities of salt. This practice is useful for local consumption, but not for commercialisation, which requires them to meet other quality standards.<\/p>\n

It is in this context that Profonanpe, the most significant private environmental fund in Peru, launched a project<\/a> to build economic and environmental resilience in the wetlands of Datem del Mara\u00f1\u00f3n. Since 2019, they have promoted changes in communities\u2019 commercialisation model through the use of more efficient mechanisms based on clean technology.

<\/p>\n
\"\"
A Kandozi Indigenous man stands between solar panels installed to power ice plants that support storage of fish and boost commercialisation, in Datem del Mara\u00f1on province, Peru (Image courtesy of Profonanpe)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/div>The project \u201cis a communal fishing venture that aims to combine traditional knowledge of Indigenous peoples with clean technologies to develop quality products with commercial value,\u201d Patricia Balbuena, head of the project and former minister of culture and former vice-minister of social benefits at the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion, told Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/p>\n

During 2021, Profonanpe provided 240 solar panels and built two solar-powered ice plants in the Kandozi Indigenous communities of San Fernando and Musa Karusha. The plants \u2013 built at a cost of approximately US$400,000 each \u2013 treat river water for purification and industrial use, filtering and storing it before processing, with the treated water then compressed into moulds that are frozen to produce blocks of solid ice. The plants operate 14 hours a day and can produce 30 kilowatts (kW) of energy, with 10 kW of capacity being used to date.<\/p>\n

Fishers in these communities are now able to move tonnes of fresh fish at lower cost and in a more sustainable way.<\/p>\n

For now, the development of sustainable projects in the Peruvian Amazon is being driven by private and international cooperation, with government assistance notably lacking, said Pedro Gamio, a former vice-minister of energy. He stressed that private companies have shown willingness to invest in clean energy at a larger scale, but lamented the lack of political will from the Peruvian state.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have been talking about renewable energies for a long time, but we are not making as much progress as our neighbouring countries,\u201d Gamio told Di\u00e1logo Chino. \u201cThere are also a lot of bureaucratic barriers, and a lobby that comes from fossil business interests.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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