{"id":50362938,"date":"2023-02-07T19:07:42","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T19:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=62938"},"modified":"2023-09-13T20:52:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T19:52:10","slug":"362887-two-women-bolivia-against-deforestation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/362887-two-women-bolivia-against-deforestation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018We will fight every battle\u2019 \u2013 two women, one mission against deforestation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ruth Alipaz (53) and Paola Gareca (47) live on different sides of Bolivia, but despite the distance between them, they have felt very close in recent years. In addition to being Indigenous community leaders and mothers, they are both defenders of protected areas: the <a href=\"http:\/\/sernap.gob.bo\/el-parque-nacional-y-area-natural-de-manejo-integrado-madidi-cumple-25-anos-como-el-area-protegida-mas-biodiversa-del-mundo\/\">Madidi National Park<\/a> in the north of the country and the <a href=\"http:\/\/sernap.gob.bo\/tariquia\/\">Tariqu\u00eda National Flora and Fauna Reserve<\/a> in the south.<\/p>\n<p>Both have spent years trying to stop projects which exploit their community\u2019s natural resources for commercial gain, protecting the environment and preventing deforestation in the country, which between 2016 and 2021 lost <a href=\"https:\/\/ftierra.org\/index.php?option=com_mtree&amp;task=att_download&amp;link_id=237&amp;cf_id=52\">more than 1.8 million hectares<\/a> of forest. In this long struggle, they have reported intimidation, threats and repression by businesses, state authorities and even members of their communities. <div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_62933\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62933\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62933 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PT-BR-Desmatamento-Rurrenabaque_James-Brunker_Alamy_BNYDR1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Deforestation near Rurrenabaque\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62933\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deforestation near Rurrenabaque, on the outskirts of Madidi National Park (Image: James Brunker \/ Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div> The importance of Alipaz and Gareca\u2019s work is made clear in a 2019 <a href=\"http:\/\/calas.lat\/sites\/default\/files\/svampa_neoextractivismo.pdf\">report<\/a> from the Maria Sibylla Merian Center for Advanced Latin American Studies (CALAS) which details the problems created by the extraction of large amounts of natural resources in industries ranging from hydrocarbon exploitation to mining.<\/p>\n<h2>Protecting water<\/h2>\n<p>Sixty-five years ago, a plan to build a hydroelectric dam in <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/elpais\/2017\/09\/05\/planeta_futuro\/1504563761_414612.html\">El Bala<\/a> Gorge was conceived. The proposed project has proved to be controversial: despite having been abandoned several times due to its economic infeasibility and high environmental cost, an attempt was made to relaunch the project in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>This alarmed Alipaz, a member of the San Jos\u00e9 de Uchupiamonas people, who went from being a woman who enjoyed a quiet life in her territory to defending the land from those who threatened it. Alipaz was the first woman in her community to complete higher education. She is an accounting assistant and business administrator, and from the time she was in the classroom and taking care of her two children, she vowed to set an example for them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf we pass through this world leaving nothing behind, only taking and consuming Mother Earth, it makes no sense,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>This is why she did not hesitate to confront the national power company (ENDE), which was seeking to consolidate two hydroelectric projects in the area. <a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2021\/09\/bolivia-pueblos-indigenas-hidroelectricas-chepete-el-bala\/\">According<\/a> to the company, El Bala reservoir would cover an area of 94 sq km in the Madidi National Park and the Chepete project would cover 46 sq km in the Pil\u00f3n Lajas Biosphere Reserve. These projects would directly affect more than 5,000 Indigenous people from six groups: the Moset\u00e9n, Tsimane, Ese Ejja, Leco, Tacana and Uchupiamona. <div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62940 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/20230206_Bolivia_women_struggle_EN.png\" alt=\"Map of areas threatened by hydroelectric dams and oil exploration projects\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1519\"><\/p>\n<p><\/div> The projects straddle the departments of La Paz and Beni, in an area that is home to an extraordinary diversity of flora and fauna. In fact, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boliviaturismo.com.bo\/parque-nacional-madidi.php\">Madidi National Park<\/a> is considered to be one of the most important jungles in the world.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;For me, it was inconceivable that they would suddenly want to enter and destroy our territory,&#8221; Alipaz, who founded the <a href=\"http:\/\/sadirilodge.com\/es\/acerca-de-sadiri-lodge\/\">Sadiri Lodge <\/a>ecotourism project in 2008, tells Di\u00e1logo Chino. The project focuses on showcasing the best of her community and the local wildlife in the Sadiri mountain range to birdwatchers and other visitors from all over the world.<\/p>\n<p>Alipaz is the current representative of Bolivia\u2019s National Coordination for the Defence of Indigenous Peasant Territories and Protected Areas (<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/contiocap\">Contiocap<\/a>). In 2018 she caught the attention of other international organisations dedicated to the defence of the environment, when she <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noticiasfides.com\/economia\/indigenas-denuncian-a-evo-ante-la-onu-por-incendios-forestales-extractivismo-y-la-no-consulta-401377\">presented<\/a> the El Bala-Chepete case at the United Nations in New York. &#8220;The world had to know what was happening here,&#8221; she says.<\/p>\n<p>Alipaz told Di\u00e1logo Chino that her people have had to enforce their rights in their territory on several occasions. She calls these &#8220;small struggles won&#8221;.&nbsp;<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_62911\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62911\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62911 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PT-BR-Ruth-ONU_CEDIB.png\" alt=\"Ruth Alipaz fala na ONU, em NY\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62911\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alipaz speaking at a UN Human Rights Council hearing in 2019, where Indigenous community representatives shared the problems they face in their territories (Image: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedib.org\/\">CEDIB<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div> In 2016, alongside other community members, she held a vigil in El Bala Gorge, which led to the expulsion of Geodata, the company responsible for carrying out feasibility studies for both hydroelectric dams.<\/p>\n<p>In November 2021, ENDE began to survey the area. However, together with the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1lGavo2RrNB3YvxE86DKrjG24qC4TQnd9\/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=117027605876000730929&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true\">Mancomunidad<\/a> de Comunidades Ind\u00edgenas de los R\u00edos Beni, Tuhichi y Quiquibey and other organisations, Contiocap prevented them from continuing their work.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In Chepete they were installing survey equipment. We evicted them, told them that they could not be there and that they had to leave. The next day we returned and expelled them a second time,&#8221; says Alipaz.<\/p>\n<p>According to the activist, so far, the construction of both hydroelectric plants is still paralysed, but they cannot let their guard down, &#8220;as they could return at any moment&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u00e1logo Chino contacted ENDE to get its response to these allegations and an update on the progress of the project. However, despite agreeing to comment, the company had not responded at the time of going to press.<\/p>\n<h2>A nature reserve in danger<\/h2>\n<p>Gareca, who lives almost 1,300 km from Alipaz, tells Di\u00e1logo Chino that the past few years have not been easy. She has been attacked and threatened for protecting the forests of the <a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2017\/06\/bolivia-tariquia-hidrocarburos\/\">Tariqu\u00eda National Flora and Fauna Reserve<\/a>. Her ex-husband even criticised her for &#8220;wasting her time and not winning anything&#8221;, referring to bribes she says she refused to take to give up the fight to defend her territory. <div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_62917\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62917\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62917 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PT-BR-Paola-Gareca_Marta-Molina.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62917\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paola Gareca, who has represented the Indigenous communities of Tariqu\u00eda since 2015, says she has been threatened and even attacked for defending a protected area from gas activities (Image: Marta Molina)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div> But for Gareca, winning has a deeper meaning: it is about protecting the next generation.<\/p>\n<p>Gareca is the current executive secretary of the Subcentral Sindical \u00danica de Comunidades Campesinas de Tariqu\u00eda, a community group. She became involved in the defence of her territory after the Bolivian government attempted to <a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2022\/11\/bosques-y-agua-en-riesgo-por-exploracion-de-hidrocarburos-en-bolivia\/\">initiate<\/a> gas exploration within Tariqu\u00eda. The plan would compromise more than 136,000 hectares of forest, equivalent to 55% of the reserve, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedib.org\/biblioteca\/actividad-hidrocarburifera-en-la-reserva-nacional-de-flora-y-fauna-tariquia\/\">CEDIB<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, she decided to take on the job of representing her community at their request.&nbsp; &#8220;Because our ancestors took care of the environment, we now have clean air. If we don&#8217;t continue to do so now, what will our children and the next generations breathe?&#8221; asks Gareca, who in her day-to-day life makes time for her children and grandchildren, housework, raising livestock, planting potatoes and beekeeping, besides her leadership activities.<\/p>\n<p>The Tariqu\u00eda reserve is part of the Tariqu\u00eda-Barit\u00fa transfrontier ecological corridor between Tarija in Bolivia and Salta in Argentina. More than 800 species of flora and more than 400 of wildlife have been recorded here. Its environmental value is incalculable.&nbsp;<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_62920\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62920\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62920 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/PT-BR-Reserva-Nacional-Tariquia_Igor-Porcel-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1325\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62920\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Tariqu\u00eda National Reserve (Image: Igor Porcel)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div> To protect it, the inhabitants of the territory held two marches, from Tariqu\u00eda to the city of Tarija, to demand a halt to oil exploration. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paginasiete.bo\/sociedad\/marcha-en-defensa-de-la-reserva-de-tariquia-se-acerca-a-tarija-FBPS135563\">first<\/a> was in April 2017 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noticiasfides.com\/economia\/la-marcha-de-tariquia-llega-a-tarija-y-pide-respetar-los-pulmones-de-bolivia-400117\">second<\/a> in August 2019. That same year they organised a vigil in the reserve, but the government ordered the police into the area to protect the interests of Petrobras and YPFB Chaco, the Brazilian and Bolivian companies that were keen to start a joint exploration for oil. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensoria.gob.bo\/noticias\/investigan-a-policias-que-agredieron-y-cometieron-hechos-violentos-contra-comunarios-en-tariquia\">resulted<\/a> in violence against the people who were settled there, even though the oil companies did not manage to enter the reserve at the time, according to the Subcentral de Tariqu\u00eda. Despite their resistance, local people were unable to stop the work permanently. In May 2022, hydrocarbon exploration <a href=\"https:\/\/erbol.com.bo\/nacional\/apdh-de-tarija-parece-inminente-el-ingreso-de-la-petrolera-la-reserva-de-tariqu%C3%ADa\">began<\/a> in the reserve.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;They came in not long ago and are making roads. But we are still defenceless. We don&#8217;t want them to destroy our territory,&#8221; says Gareca.<\/p>\n<p>Miguel Miranda, the advocacy coordinator at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedib.org\/\">CEDIB<\/a>, an organisation that researches social and environmental issues in Bolivia and Latin America, explains to Di\u00e1logo Chino that, in the case of Tariqu\u00eda, state institutions are the aggressors, and that they &nbsp;&#8220;come to an agreement with indigenous male leaders to generate a chain of abuses, of accusations&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u00e1logo Chino contacted YPFB for comment. However, the communications department refused to respond, only stating, &#8220;We will soon have news about the project.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>Threats from all sides<\/h2>\n<p>Miranda attributes &#8220;state repression to the totalitarianism of the ruling party [the Movement Towards Socialism, or MAS], which intensified with the economic crisis in Bolivia in 2014&#8221;, when gas and oil prices fell.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_57286\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-57286\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate-energy\/57223-indigenous-women-lead-defence-of-lake-titicacas-dying-life\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-57286\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Titicaca-lago-peru-bolivia-mulheres-indigenas.jpeg\" alt=\"Mujeres ind\u00edgenas del Lago Titicaca\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-57286\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate-energy\/57223-indigenous-women-lead-defence-of-lake-titicacas-dying-life\/\">Indigenous women lead defence of Lake Titicaca\u2019s dying life<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The CEDIB researcher adds that, in addition to the oppression suffered by women, they have to confront the machismo present in leadership positions. He stresses that the roles Alipaz and Gareca fulfil help to &#8220;strengthen democracy&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;They start to defame you, [they say] that you are benefiting, that you are taking money or that you are living off [the work of defending the territory],&#8221; says Alipaz.<\/p>\n<p>She emphasises that their struggles have always been financed by the communities themselves, adding that being a defender of rights is not a way to get rich.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The powers that be want to silence you, to subjugate you. We will cease to exist as Indigenous peoples if we let this happen,&#8221; says Alipaz, who, despite being told many times that it is &#8220;a lost war&#8221;, maintains that &#8220;we will fight every battle. One day, history will tell how we Indigenous peoples have survived. It is a question of dignity, of honouring the struggles of our ancestors.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A pair of Indigenous leaders from opposite ends of Bolivia share the intimidation they\u2019ve faced protecting their communities from projects which exploit their natural resources for profit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":50362890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902],"tags":[502,531,555],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002592],"class_list":["post-50362938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-activism","tag-deforestation","tag-indigenous-peoples","country-bolivia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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