{"id":50376660,"date":"2023-08-11T13:38:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T12:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=376660"},"modified":"2023-08-25T15:21:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T14:21:12","slug":"376660-amazon-summit-observers-frustrated-by-more-talk-not-enough-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/376660-amazon-summit-observers-frustrated-by-more-talk-not-enough-action\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazon Summit: Observers frustrated by more talk, not enough action"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Expectations had been high as leaders of Amazon nations gathered this week in the Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m for a summit intended to boost ambition on the protection of their shared rainforest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the two-day summit closed on Wednesday, however, observers were ultimately left frustrated by the absence of some heads of state, a lack of commitments to end oil exploration in the region, and no concrete targets to stop and reverse deforestation in the biome, in which 17% of native tree cover<\/a> is estimated to have been lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Amazon Summit\u2019s host, Brazilian president Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, had kicked off the event on Tuesday with enthusiasm. \u201cWe have not met for fourteen years,\u201d he said during his opening speech. \u201cIt has never been more urgent to resume and expand this cooperation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The event was promoted by the member countries of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organisation (ACTO), a grouping of eight Amazonian nations founded in 1978. It was only the fourth meeting of the bloc in 45 years, and the first dedicated to socio-environmental issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, President Lula\u2019s initial air of optimism gradually gave way to disagreements and discomfort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACTO member states<\/p>

The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organisation is comprised of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

First was the decision of three of the eight ACTO heads of state to skip the summit. Nicol\u00e1s Maduro of Venezuela called off his trip at short notice due to a reported health problem, with his vice-president, Delcy Rodr\u00edguez, attending instead. Meanwhile, Ecuador\u2019s Guillermo Lasso and Chan Santokhi of Suriname sent their foreign ministers. The Ecuadorian leader justified his absence<\/a> for \u201cinternal political reasons\u201d, while Santokhi pointed to the summit coinciding with Javanese Immigration Day, \u201ca very relevant date for Suriname\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later, in an address to fellow heads of state on Tuesday, Colombian president Gustavo Petro called for an end to oil exploration<\/a> in the Amazon \u2013 but found few supporters. \u201cWe are on the verge of the extinction of life. It is in this decade that we politicians must make decisions. What are we doing beyond speeches like these?\u201d he asked. \u201cWe need to decarbonise, but what we are doing is exploring for gas and oil in the forest. It is total nonsense.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Petro\u2019s speech may have been targeted most directly at the Brazilian government, which is currently weighing up the oil exploration at the mouth of the Amazon River<\/a>, in a sensitive area off the coast of Amap\u00e1 and Par\u00e1 states that is home to 15% of Brazil\u2019s mangroves<\/a>. The project could impact the entire Amazon coast, along which 80% of the country\u2019s mangroves<\/a> are located across three states, containing essential species for the reproduction of fish, molluscs and crustaceans. The region is also home to Indigenous peoples and traditional communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Colombian<\/div>
Colombian president Gustavo Petro called it \u2018total nonsense\u2019 to talk about decarbonisation while also insisting on hydrocarbon extraction projects in the Amazon (Image: Cristian Garavito<\/a> \/ Presidencia de Colombia<\/a>, CC0<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Studies to explore the region have so far been blocked by IBAMA, the Brazilian government\u2019s environmental agency that is responsible for risk assessments. The project is also opposed by state oil company Petrobras and even by the Brazilian Congress<\/a>. Lula said that the decision ultimately rests with IBAMA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond Brazil, the people of Ecuador are set to vote on whether to support or ban oil projects in Yasun\u00ed National Park<\/a>, a mega-biodiverse pocket of the Amazon rainforest, in a referendum alongside the country\u2019s presidential elections on 20 August. The country is under a state of emergency following the assassination<\/a> of one of its presidential candidates on Wednesday, though authorities have indicated that the ballots will still proceed as planned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u00e9m Declaration fails<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On Tuesday, Brazil\u2019s Lula announced the summit\u2019s eagerly awaited key document: the Bel\u00e9m Declaration<\/a>, signed by all eight countries and detailing 113 intentions to ensure the protection of the Amazon, its biodiversity and its Indigenous and traditional peoples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The text mentions, for example, the need to urge developed countries to honour their commitments to mobilise resources for these causes, including the long-overdue target of providing US$100 billion a year in climate finance. Another highlight is the goal of strengthening cooperation in the fight against environmental crimes, in an effort to curb deforestation and regional pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, observers have described the language of the document as vague, and decried that common goals among Amazon countries to halt deforestation and stop oil exploration in the region \u2013 which had been one of the most anticipated elements \u2013 were left out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the few concrete actions from the declaration will be the creation of a police cooperation centre in the Brazilian city of Manaus, in Amazonas state. According to President Lula, this unit will have 34 river and land bases, which will be supported by the armed forces to fight organised crime, and an integrated air-traffic system for the same purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Brazilian<\/div>
Brazilian president Lula during Amazon Summit negotiations. The Bel\u00e9m Declaration calls on developed countries to make good on their US$100 billion annual climate finance pledge, but a commitment to zero deforestation in the Amazon was left out. (Image: Cristian Garavito<\/a> \/ Presidencia de Col\u00f4mbia<\/a>, CC0<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1rcio Astrini, secretary-general of the Climate Observatory, Brazil\u2019s largest coalition of sustainability organisations, was left disappointed by the declaration: \u201cThe document is far from giving any concrete answer to the problems we have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe world is on fire, it\u2019s not possible that you have a meeting with eight countries, and they can\u2019t put into a document that deforestation has to end.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Astrini, the document \u201cis only good compared to the fact that it didn\u2019t exist before\u201d. He did, however, praise the Amazon Dialogues, a parallel meeting held 4\u20136 August in Bel\u00e9m, attended by 30,000 Amazonians, including civil society organisations, Indigenous peoples and members of traditional communities. \u201cThe discourse [at the event] was clear: deforestation must be stopped and there is no more room for oil in the Amazon,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fany Kuiru Castro, a leader from the Witoto people in southern Colombia and head of the Coordination of Indigenous Organisations of the Amazon Basin (COICA), said she was concerned by the absence of concrete targets: \u201cHydrocarbons and oil seriously affect the health of Indigenous peoples, especially in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. The commitments are not clear and Indigenous peoples are being treated in an indirect way.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite her criticisms of the leaders\u2019 summit, Fany Kuiru Castro also saw the event as a positive opening of dialogue: \u201cFor our part, we will continue to press. In my culture, the best way out is dialogue to find solutions that lead to real action.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an interview<\/a> with Brazilian state television, the country\u2019s Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Marina Silva, said that the Amazonian nations were unable to set goals for zero deforestation due to a lack of consensus, but pointed out that Brazil and Colombia have already made individual commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe negotiation process is always a mediated process, no one can impose their will on anyone. So, it is about gradual consensuses: as we have some consensuses, we put them in the document,\u201d said Silva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deforestation and the tipping point<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luciana Gatti, a researcher at Brazil\u2019s National Institute for Space Research (INPE), explained that deforestation of native tree cover has already reached 17% in the entire Amazon; in Brazil, the figure is 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur studies indicate that the tipping point may start in forest sub-regions. The south-eastern Amazon, for example, is getting closer to this collapse\u201d, Gatti said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Amazon is not for soy, corn, cattle and wood. The Amazon is our rain factory, our guarantee of climatic conditions \u2013 of survival,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Brazil\u2019s<\/div>
Brazil\u2019s Minister of Indigenous Peoples, Sonia Guajajara, participated in both the Amazon Dialogues and the Amazon Summit. In January, her ethnic group faced five armed attacks in the state of Maranh\u00e3o, in which three people died. (Image: Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto<\/a>, CC BY-ND<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Leaders from other countries beyond ACTO also attended the summit. Among them were figures from other key global rainforest nations: the presidents of the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo, a representative of the president of Indonesia, the ambassador of France to Brazil \u2013 representing the Amazon territory of French Guiana \u2013 and a delegate from Norway, the largest contributor to Brazil\u2019s Amazon Fund for the sustainable development of the biome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They were signatories to a similar but much more succinct declaration. Similarly, the document contains no concrete goals and reinforces the call for developed nations to ensure resources for climate finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the summit, the Brazilian mining and energy minister, Alexandre Silveira, also met with a delegation from the United Arab Emirates<\/a>, which included president of the upcoming UN COP28 climate summit, Ahmed al-Jaber, to discuss investments in natural gas and Brazil\u2019s energy transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNow the Amazon countries need to put these ideas into practice, creating a plan with specific actions, public policies and time frames,\u201d said Adriana Lobo, managing director of global presence and national action at the World Resource Institute. She added that they must also develop \u201ca strategy for attracting the investments needed to make this a reality\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amazon nations will be looking to consolidate the groundwork of the Bel\u00e9m summit at COP28 in the UAE in late November, where deforestation targets and the phasing out of fossil fuels will likely be among the most contested topics of debate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Two-day leaders\u2019 meeting in Brazil ends with no concrete goals or commitments to end deforestation in the Amazon rainforest<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":50376750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902],"tags":[506,531,555,569],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021],"class_list":["post-50376660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-amazon","tag-deforestation","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-negotiations","country-brazil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAmazon Summit: Observers frustrated by more talk, not enough action | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Two-day leaders\u2019 meeting in Brazil ends with no concrete goals or commitments to end deforestation in the Amazon rainforest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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