{"id":50391722,"date":"2024-03-21T12:11:05","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T12:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=391722"},"modified":"2024-04-11T11:32:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T11:32:28","slug":"391722-chiles-longest-power-line-speed-up-renewables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/391722-chiles-longest-power-line-speed-up-renewables\/","title":{"rendered":"Chile\u2019s longest power line could speed up the shift to renewables"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Chile is set to build its longest power transmission line, as it looks to support its transition to clean energy. Stretching over 1,342 kilometres between the northern province of Antofagasta and the capital city Santiago, the Kimal-Lo Aguirre project will have capacity to carry 3,000 megawatts of power, and should help to fill a gap<\/a> in infrastructure that currently sees large quantities of renewable energy never make it onto the grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Chile\u2019s National Energy Policy of 2021, energy generation is responsible for 77%<\/a> of the country\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to a cleaner energy system to lower these emissions is therefore a huge national challenge, but one Chile has made strides towards in recent years: its installed solar and wind energy capacity generated 37%<\/a> of the energy in the system last year, the same percentage contributed by thermal energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, according to a 2023 report<\/a> by technology consultancy Fraunhofer Chile, the country\u2019s rapid renewable energy capacity growth has also created a number of challenges, with its underdeveloped transmission infrastructure having been unable to keep up with the pace of change. This has resulted in what is known as curtailment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The concept of curtailment evolved from terminology used for dams, explains Jorge Leal, an expert in renewable energies: \u201cWhen dams have excess water, they have to spill some. So, when there is excess supply, power plants are also forced to get rid of energy \u2013 to curtail \u2013 and they start with those with variable production costs that are equal to zero, such as solar and wind power plants located in northern Chile.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leal says this energy curtailment arises because there is an oversupply of energy during sunlight hours, especially in the north and centre of the country, where many solar plants are located. This is because of the availability of land and the high levels of radiation, Leal adds. Furthermore, the demand for energy in the north of Chile \u201cis not so great\u201d, as its urban centres such as Arica and Iqique are not very large and have no significant industrial sectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Map<\/div>
(Data source: SGA GEsti\u00f3n Ambiental \/ Global Energy Monitor; Map: Di\u00e1logo Chino)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

It is therefore necessary for Chile\u2019s long-term energy needs to expand its power transmission infrastructure. Sources from the country\u2019s energy ministry said that the Kimal-Lo Aguirre project \u201cwill allow us to reach 2030 [greenhouse gas emission targets] by decoupling ourselves from this commitment to thermal energy in order to accelerate our investment in clean energy\u201d.

However, the huge transmission line is still at the planning stage, awaiting confirmation on the locations of the pylons that will dot its route, and for the permission to build them. As the consortium behind the project seeks to finalise these details and its environmental impact assessment, it is also encountering objections from residents along the Kimal-Lo Aguirre line\u2019s planned route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Following a call for tenders in 2020 from the National Electricity Coordinator (CEN), Chile\u2019s grid operator, the Kimal-Lo Aguirre project was awarded<\/a> to China Southern Power Grid (CSG) in 2021, in collaboration with the domestic companies Transelec and ISA Inversiones Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

State-owned CSG is one of China\u2019s two major state-owned power distributors, and bought 27.7%<\/a> of Transelec, Chile’s leading power transmission company, in 2018. The resulting consortium that will oversee Kimal-Lo Aguirre was named Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda<\/a>. Works are yet to begin, but a goal of completing the project by 2029<\/a> has been set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u00e1logo Chino spoke to Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda\u2019s general manager, Sebasti\u00e1n Fern\u00e1ndez. He points out that Kimal-Lo Aguirre will be the first high-voltage direct current (HVDC) project built in the country. This type of technology, he says, is widely used in other countries that share Chile\u2019s characteristics of \u201ca large geographical extension and with focal points for renewable energy generation sources\u201d. He highlights that Brazil, the United States, Canada, Norway, Sweden and China have had such long-distance lines for many years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is high-voltage direct current?<\/span>
\n

Power stations must be able to transmit electricity across long distances to reach electrical substations for distribution, which requires very high voltages. This high-voltage transmission<\/a> can be achieved using either an alternating current (HVAC) or a direct current (HVDC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In comparison with HVAC, HVDC can carry more power across longer distances while shedding less energy along the way. Furthermore, HVDC can transmit a higher<\/a> voltage than HVAC through a cable of the same thickness, all while using smaller, cheaper power towers. These efficiency and financial considerations make HVDC preferable for transmission lines like the 1,342-kilometre Kimal-Lo Aguirre.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Among the advantages of HVDC technology, Fern\u00e1ndez highlights the reduced need for circuits and cables. It also eliminates intermediate substations, \u201cwhich generates a lower impact on the land and a considerably lower cost\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HVDC is also very efficient in transporting energy over long distances, with lower energy losses than alternating current (AC) lines. \u201cIn a direct current [HVDC] line with the characteristics of Kimal-Lo Aguirre, the losses are approximately 150 MW,\u201d says Fern\u00e1ndez. \u201cIf this project had been with alternating current technology, these losses would have reached approximately 250 MW.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Along its route through Chile, Kimal-Lo Aguirre will cross five regions and 28 communes (Chile\u2019s smallest administrative areas, akin to municipalities), from Antofagasta\u2019s Mar\u00eda Elena commune to the Santiago Metropolitan Region commune of Pudahuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the consortium is experienced in developing these types of transmission lines, this project represents a major challenge for the sector\u2019s institutions and regulations. Di\u00e1logo Chino spoke to Carlos Finat, former executive director of the Chilean Renewable Energy and Storage Association (ACERA): \u201cIt will have to face the usual difficulties for this type of project, in terms of obtaining permissions [from landowners for the installation of pylons] and the questioning from communities at different points along the route.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The usual, preliminary study to define the strips of land on which a project like this will be built was not carried out by the Chilean state. In theory, this decision intended to accelerate Kimal-Lo Aguirre\u2019s completion by 2029. However, in Finat\u2019s opinion that objective \u201cwill not be met\u201d, because obtaining the necessary land permissions to build will be complicated \u2013 as he says is the case with most transmission system installation projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finat stresses that the state having not carried out the study of these land strips simply means Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda will have to do it, \u201cwhich leads to further questions over the project\u201d. He adds that the consortium will also \u201chave to do it under pressure while the deadlines, including the commissioning, are already approaching\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Community challenges <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Kimal-Lo Aguirre project has already received feedback from citizens calling for changes to its route, which may test relations between the consortium and communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s not that the lines will pass close to our houses, but that the towers will be right next to them<\/blockquote>H\u00e9ctor Carre\u00f1o, lawyer and spokesperson for the El Molle neighbourhood council<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

El Molle, located in the Coquimbo region of northern Chile<\/a>, is one such community. At least seven of Kimal-Lo Aguirre\u2019s towers will pass through this village. \u201cWe are aware that it is an important project that is being executed in a very professional manner and that promotes the decarbonisation of Chile\u2019s energy matrix,\u201d says H\u00e9ctor Carre\u00f1o, a lawyer and spokesperson for El Molle\u2019s neighbourhood council. \u201cBut we don\u2019t want to have an 80-metre-high voltage tower next to our home.\u201d Carre\u00f1o is keen to emphasis this point: \u201cIt\u2019s not that the lines will pass close to our houses, but that the towers will be right next to them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faced with this, El Molle community members presented Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda with a proposal in April 2023 to move the project\u2019s route nine kilometres east to an uninhabited area. \u201cAt first, we received a resounding \u2018no\u2019, but we are in ongoing discussions,\u201d says Carre\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda\u2019s Fern\u00e1ndez says that the route proposed in Kimal-Lo Aguirre\u2019s current environmental impact assessment, drafted in October 2023, \u201chas involved travelling the 1,342km route several times to create the necessary instances to listen to all the communities.\u201d This assessment<\/a> is currently at the public consultation stage, although it only covers the project\u2019s construction, not its operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Fern\u00e1ndez acknowledges that Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda has so far concentrated on the Kimal-Lo Aguirre project\u2019s impacts on archaeological and paleontological cultural heritage, plants, soils, and the temporary disruption of three communities of Indigenous Diaguita people. He says the consortium anticipates further issues \u201cthat are currently being reviewed by the environmental authority\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chile\u2019s National Forest Corporation (Conaf), the body in charge of administering forestry policy, raised<\/a> its own concerns over the project in December: \u201cIn the opinion of this corporation, [the EIA] does not adequately address the impacts around flora and vegetation, resulting in a prediction that minimises or undervalues potential impacts. That is why we conclude that the EIA lacks essential information for the evaluation of the project.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conexi\u00f3n Energ\u00eda estimates that Kimal-Lo Aguirre will start construction in 2025<\/a> and be operational in 2029<\/a>, at a cost of US$2 billion. They have already managed to secure green credits (financing for environmental projects) worth US$480 million<\/a>, in an arrangement with HSBC bank. In the meantime, local communities are waiting for their concerns to be incorporated into this project\u2019s finalised plan. The Chilean government is currently reviewing the EIA<\/a> and should formally make a decision on the project before the end of the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Backed by a Chile-China consortium, the Kimal-Lo Aguirre line could bring more solar and wind energy onto the grid, but some are contesting its downsides<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000535,"featured_media":50391741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[17073,556,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000024],"class_list":["post-50391722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-transition","tag-infrastructure","tag-renewables","country-chile"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChile\u2019s longest power line could speed up the shift to renewables | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The 1,300 km Kimal-Lo Aguirre project could bring more solar and wind energy onto the grid, but some are contesting its downsides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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