{"id":60037736,"date":"2024-06-19T16:39:14","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T15:39:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60037736"},"modified":"2024-06-26T09:45:16","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T08:45:16","slug":"kashmir-valley-offers-little-respite-south-asia-heatwaves","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/kashmir-valley-offers-little-respite-south-asia-heatwaves\/","title":{"rendered":"Once-cool Kashmir valley offers little respite from South Asia\u2019s heatwaves"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nitin Jain, a resident of New Delhi, had travelled with his family to Kashmir to escape the summer heat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But on 26 May 2024, he found himself sitting on the banks of the iconic Dal Lake, wiping sweat from his forehead. A day earlier, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in Srinagar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zeebiz.com\/india\/news-heatwave-alert-news-jk-jammu-kashmir-today-imd-issues-advisory-temperature-291748\">had issued<\/a> a heatwave alert, warning vulnerable people to avoid heat exposure and stay hydrated. For the remainder of their stay, Jain\u2019s family largely stayed in their hotel rather than venturing out during the day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heatwaves are not uncommon in India, and with a delayed monsoon this year, the whole of north India is <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.com\/en-IN\/india\/news\/news\/2024-06-14-amid-weakened-monsoon-north-india-braces-for-prolonged-heatwaves\">facing prolonged heatwaves<\/a>. But the rising heat is not just contained in the plains, as temperatures rise even in the high Himalayas where tourists flock to escape brutal summers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/19\/15\/2019\/\">2019 study<\/a> showed that the average annual temperature in Kashmir has increased by 0.8\u02daC in 37 years (1980-2016), and over the last few years many summers have seen record-breaking temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On 17 August 2020, the valley <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greaterkashmir.com\/front-page-2\/at-35-7-degree-c-srinagar-records-hottest-august-day-in-39-years\/\">recorded<\/a> the hottest August in 39 years, with a temperature of 35.7\u02daC. The following year, on 18 July 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greaterkashmir.com\/todays-paper\/front-page\/at-35-deg-c-srinagar-sees-hottest-july-day-in-eight-years\/\">Srinagar recorded<\/a> the hottest July day in eight years as the maximum temperature in the city touched 35\u02daC. The summer of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatvnews.com\/news\/india\/jammu-and-kashmir-srinagar-records-warmest-march-in-131-years-maximum-temperatures-summer-2022-04-04-767679\">2022 was hotter<\/a> still, with temperatures exceeding 35\u02daC in some areas, and the month of March was the hottest in 131 years. Last year, Srinagar recorded the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tribuneindia.com\/news\/j-k\/at-34-2-degree-c-srinagar-witnesses-hottest-september-day-in-53-years-543733\">hottest September day<\/a> in 53 years at 34.2\u02daC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The trend continued this year, with a prolonged <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-68015106\">dry winter<\/a> season. January 2024, according to the meteorological department, was one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greaterkashmir.com\/gk-top-news\/jk-records-driest-warmest-january-in-43-years\/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CJanuary%202024%20was%20one%20of,%2C%E2%80%9D%20the%20MeT%20data%20revealed.\">driest and warmest<\/a> in the last 43 years. On 23 May, Srinagar recorded the <a href=\"https:\/\/risingkashmir.com\/mercury-soars-as-srinagar-boils-in-hottest-may-day-in-at-least-decade\/\">highest May temperature<\/a> in at least a decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-rising-temperature\">The rising temperature<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It has long been known that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3352921\/#:~:text=Our%20results%20show%20that%20the,period%20(1975%E2%80%932005).\">temperature rise<\/a> in the Himalayan region exceeds the global average. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.icimod.org\/record\/34387\">first comprehensive report on the region<\/a>, published in 2019, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) noted that, \u201cEven if global warming is limited to 1.5\u02daC, warming will likely be at least 0.3\u02daC higher in the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH).\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342643114_21st_Century-end_Climate_Scenario_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Himalaya_India_using_Ensemble_Climate_Models\">scientific paper<\/a> published in 2020 predicted that annual temperature in Kashmir specifically would rise by anywhere between 4-7\u02daC by the end of the century, depending on emissions pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the rapid urbanisation of Srinagar and other mountain habitations also <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2021EF002401\">contribute<\/a> to the heat, broader climatic changes are the main factor responsible for rising temperatures, Jasia Bashir, a research scholar at the Centre of Excellence for glacial studies, University of Kashmir, told Dialogue Earth. \u201cWhile urban areas experience intensified heat due to dense built-up and reduced vegetation, the entire region, including rural areas, is affected by the general [global] warming trend,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20113900\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Kashmir is divided into three zones: North (Kupwara), Central (Srinagar), and South (Qazigund). Data from 2010 to 2023 indicates that heatwaves have been more frequent in North and South Kashmir compared to Central Kashmir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Irfan Rashid, an assistant professor of geoinformatics at the University of Kashmir, explained that North Kashmir\u2019s lower elevation results in higher temperatures. \u201cThe higher we go, the cooler it is and vice versa,\u201d Rashid said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Faizan Arif Keng, an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/cities\/chandigarh-news\/meet-kashmir-s-weather-spotter-who-is-helping-thousands-with-his-accurate-predictions-101647891996147.html\">independent weather forecaster<\/a> in Kashmir, says minimum and maximum temperatures have increased in the valley, while the precipitation amount has decreased.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He said the maximum temperature in Srinagar city has shown a rise of 1.05\u02daC during the 2000-2019 period when compared with the 1980-1999 period. The minimum temperature, he added, also increased by 0.41\u02daC, while the precipitation decreased by 4.36mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-retreating-glaciers-nbsp\">Retreating glaciers&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The rising temperatures have a significant impact on the cryosphere \u2013 the region with frozen water. There are around 18,000 glaciers in Jammu and Kashmir. A <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11629-023-8266-4\">study published in March 2024<\/a> found that 48 glaciers around the twin peaks of the Nun and Kun mountains in the northwestern Himalayas, known as the Nun-Kun Group of Glaciers (NKGG), have receded by 4.5%\u00b13.4%, with their snouts (the lowest end of a glacier) retreating at a rate of 6.4\u00b11.6 metres per year between 2000-2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"60016201\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/12\/4\/1168\">study <\/a>found that the shrinking Himalayan cryosphere is linked to decreased streamflows in Himalayan rivers, potentially impacting water availability downstream. The study assessed changes in the discharge of two streams from the Kolahoi Glacier into the Jhelum basin between 1972 and 2018. Observations <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/343651039_Satellite-observed_Glacier_Recession_in_the_Kashmir_Himalaya_India_from_1980-2018\">from satellite data<\/a> confirm that glacier recession in the Kashmir Valley has already led to reduced stream flows downstream. Changes in the land system \u2013 such as transforming agricultural areas to urban areas \u2013 driven by economic factors and unplanned land transformation, have also been linked to this depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, a prominent glaciologist and the Vice Chancellor of the Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, told Dialogue Earth that temperatures in the spring season from the last four to five years were above average. High temperatures, he said, accelerate glacier melt, reducing their size and mass. This will, he explained, affect water, food and energy security in the Indus basin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-concern-for-himalayan-region\">A concern for Himalayan Region<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So far, no deaths have been attributed to the heat in Kashmir, but other heat related afflictions are on the rise. Farah Sameem, a senior dermatologist from Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College Hospital in Srinagar, told Dialogue Earth that there were cases of sunburns during May, as well as multiple cases of patients with \u201cpsoriasis and fungal infections\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imran Majid, another dermatologist, added: \u201cThese skin-related issues have been increasing in the last four years and the people working in the open field are more prone to them.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taking serious <a href=\"https:\/\/risingkashmir.com\/heat-wave-health-deptt-issues-advisory\/\">notice<\/a> of the heatwave, the J&amp;K government produced its first <a href=\"https:\/\/kashmirobserver.net\/2024\/05\/24\/jk-unveils-action-plan-to-combat-scorching-temperatures\/\">heatwave action plan<\/a> for 2024-25. An official, speaking off the record since he was not authorised to speak to the press, told Dialogue Earth that it was being implemented. However there seemed to be little evidence of any action  on the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the meanwhile, tourists like Jain and his family, who thought they could travel to Kashmir to escape the heat, are finding that even the Himalayas are no escape from the sweltering temperatures of summer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Srinagar, the &#8216;summer capital&#8217; of Jammu &#038; Kashmir, was historically cooler in summer, but the reliable relief it once provided is increasingly elusive<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000343,"featured_media":60037746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[543,50041595,20000022,50040707],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111,20000112],"class_list":["post-60037736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-extreme-weather","tag-global-heating","tag-himalayas","tag-the-third-pole","country-india","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kashmir valley offers little respite from South Asia\u2019s heatwaves<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Srinagar, the &#039;summer capital&#039; 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