{"id":60038078,"date":"2024-06-21T13:36:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T12:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60038078"},"modified":"2024-06-27T16:53:07","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T15:53:07","slug":"five-ways-latin-america-is-tackling-its-waste-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/five-ways-latin-america-is-tackling-its-waste-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Five ways Latin America is tackling its waste problem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The final destination of solid waste is emerging as a critical challenge to solve in Latin America. Though collection services cover 85%<\/a> of the region\u2019s urban areas \u2013 relatively high by global standards \u2013 countries are faced with gaps in their ability to properly manage such waste beyond just collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Around 45% <\/a>of this waste ends up in inadequate disposal sites such as landfills, which contaminate soil, water bodies and air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latin America generates a total of 541,000 tonnes<\/a> of waste daily, roughly 1 kilogramme per inhabitant, according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). World Bank data<\/a> shows that the region is among the lesser producers of waste, compared to other world regions. The problem is not the volume of waste in itself, but its management, says Jordi Pon, UNEP\u2019s regional coordinator for Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Across the region, inadequate management of waste has brought negative impacts on the health of populations and the environment, but has also meant missed opportunities for the adoption of circular economies \u2013 systems that seek to minimise waste and maximise resource use by reintegrating waste material back into production cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Given the scale of the problem, large-scale responses from national governments and cities are likely to be needed. Some of them are, indeed, moving in this direction; Dialogue Earth looks at five projects in countries across the region that are seeking to improve waste management and encourage more sustainable practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Argentina: Sustainability and solidarity via recycling <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In recent decades, the verb cartonear<\/em> has emerged in Argentine Spanish to refer to the act of collecting cardboard and other recyclable materials from the streets to be sold on. These waste pickers are known locally as cartoneros<\/em>. The country\u2019s economic crisis of 2001 sparked a surge in the number of people involved in this line of work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"An<\/div>
A cartonero<\/em> picks up cardboard in the streets of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cooperatives have formed to represent such workers, promote good practice and help members send materials to recycling businesses (Image: Carol Smiljan \/ NurPhoto \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The growth in the activity has led to the formation of a number of representative organisations, including the Federaci\u00f3n Argentina de Cartoneros, Carreros y Recicladores (FACCyR). It brings together cooperatives from across the nation that organise locally to improve members\u2019 working conditions and promote more efficient recycling practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One such affiliate of FACCyR is Dignidad Cartonera \u2013 \u201cdignity for cartoneros<\/em>\u201d \u2013 founded in 2017 in the city of Rosario and with over 150 active members. Founding member M\u00f3nica Castro, herself part of the generation that became unemployed in 2001, explains that she and her neighbours \u201cdecided to create our own source of work, which was to go out and collect cardboard\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, Dignidad Cartonera collaborated with the local government on a pilot programme<\/a> to prevent the contamination and soiling of collected recyclable materials, increasing their sell-on value. While its members previously focused on more generalised, city-wide collection of materials, the pilot created a door-to-door service in Industrial, a neighbourhood in west Rosario, through which cartoneros<\/em> demonstrate to residents how to correctly separate recyclable and non-recyclable waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The materials collected from the street arrive daily at a warehouse managed by the cooperative\u2019s members, from which they are sent to various recycling businesses. By teaming up with other cooperatives that are part of FACCyR, they are able to amass a large quantity of waste, secure greater collective bargaining power, and seek fairer remuneration for their work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among other goals, Dignidad Cartonera hopes its work will translate collective action and solidarity into advances for sustainability. \u201cWe want to inspire others to follow our path, demonstrating that it is possible to create a fairer and more sustainable world for all,\u201d says Juliana Muchiut, the cooperative\u2019s coordinator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chile: Blockchain helps tracing and trust in recycling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

More than 140 million tonnes of plastic pollute aquatic ecosystems, according to the OECD<\/a> (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). In Chile, the Atando Cabos<\/a> project collects plastic waste from aquaculture, such as nylon nets, polyester ropes and plastic trays, and transforms it into reusable materials. Throughout the process, it uses blockchain technology to ensure the transparency and efficiency of its recycling operations, thereby building trust throughout the value chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project\u2019s founder, Michel Compagnon, is the commercial manager of a company specialising in plastic injection moulding. He says the project started after a trip to Patagonia in 2016, where he found large amounts of plastic waste, and dozens of fishing lines polluting the region\u2019s fjords. He recalls feeling, as someone working in the plastics industry, that it all \u201cwasn\u2019t rubbish, but valuable raw materials that could be recycled.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
The Atando Cabos project in Chile collects plastic waste such as nylon nets, polyester ropes and plastic trays, and transforms it into reusable materials (Image: Atando Cabos)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Atando Cabos team works with locals, including fishers, to collect this plastic waste in southern Chile. Its collections are then shipped to a local port and processed in a factory in the capital, Santiago. There, they are given a new life, transformed into other products such as pallets or fruit crates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The initiative incorporates blockchain technology, which can guarantee that registered data on items is secure and inalterable due to its structure of linked and encrypted \u201cblocks\u201d. Each journey of a piece of waste \u2013 from collection to production of new material \u2013 is documented and logged as a record on an online ledger, and blockchain is used to verify each stage it takes in the recycling process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This blockchain ledger can be accessed by product users through scanning a QR code on the product, allowing all actors involved in the value chain to follow the materials\u2019 journey and ensure that waste is handled in accordance with established environmental and quality standards. Compagnon says he was driven to use this method of verification to provide easily understandable and accessible proof that the products are made from recycled material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project, which in 2019 won an award<\/a> recognising green initiatives in Latin America, reports that it enables the recycling of more than 2,300 tonnes of waste per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brazil: Turning waste to energy in Rio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In a vast city such as Rio de Janeiro, where over half<\/a> of the waste generated is organic, sustainable waste management projects are vital. One such project is an organic waste processing plant maintained by the city\u2019s public municipal cleaning company, Comlurb. The facility, located in the city\u2019s northern neighbourhood of Caju, processes 250 tonnes<\/a> of such waste per month, turning it into biogas and organic compost. It was the first of its kind in Latin America when inaugurated in 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Workers from public cleaning company Comlurb clean the beaches of Rio de Janeiro after New Year\u2019s Eve festivities, January 2023. With over half of the waste generated in the city considered organic, Comlurb has sought to turn part of it into biogas and organic compost (Image: Jose Lucena \/ ZUMA Press \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The plant uses a process called biomethanation<\/a> to transform organic waste into biogas and subsequently electricity that powers the facility. The process also enables the plant to produce organic compost for use in various urban agriculture projects, as part of the UN-funded<\/a> Carioca Vegetables programme. Comlurb\u2019s compost has its own name \u2013 Fertilurb \u2013 and has been presented by the company as a \u201csuper fertiliser<\/a>\u201d due to being produced from \u201cvery segregated organic matter\u201d, it claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comlurb\u2019s project coordinator Bernardo Ornelas notes that the initiative was the first \u201cselective organics collection programme\u201d in the city, and was initially launched in municipal schools and supermarkets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Together with the Inter-American Development Bank, Comlurb is also studying how to expand the recycling of organic waste in Rio de Janeiro and scale to process and eventually transform up to 150 tonnes of organic waste into biogas and compost per day. The project is expected to be realised in three years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uruguay: Laws against e-waste<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

With 14.8 kilogrammes generated per inhabitant each year, Uruguay has the highest per capita production<\/a> of electronic waste in the Southern Cone. Studies<\/a> by the country\u2019s environment ministry attribute this phenomenon to the correlation between e-waste generation and gross domestic product per capita, with Uruguay being the regional leader<\/a> in both aspects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specific legislation on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in particular is crucial because such refuse represents one of the fastest-growing physical waste streams. Regulation is required to assess its evolution, outline effective policies, limit its generation, prevent illegal dumping, promote recycling and create jobs in the recycling sector. But until 2023, only five countries in Latin America had WEEE-specific regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Two<\/div>
An electronics recycling event organised by the Uruguayan environment ministry in Rod\u00f3 Park, Montevideo. The national government is working on legislation to regulate the management and treatment of electronic waste (Image: Ministerio de Ambiente de Uruguay)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Given its high levels of waste, progress in local waste-management policies has been particularly relevant in Uruguay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In June 2023, its environment ministry signed an agreement<\/a> with the municipality of its capital, Montevideo, and the recycling cooperative Volver a la Vida to expand the recycling of WEEE. The agreement allows the cooperative, which previously only focused on bulky waste, to also manage e-waste. The municipality provides the premises and collates the waste, while the cooperative is responsible for the repair of products that can be salvaged, and disassembly of devices to recover useful components for reuse. This aims to foster a circular economy, as well as social inclusion, by employing and training people in vulnerable situations as part of the recycling cooperative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The national government is also reportedly working on legislation that specifically regulates the management and treatment of WEEE, building on the Integrated Waste Management Law<\/a> that was passed in 2019, which is currently being signed by ministries before approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The initiative with Volver a la Vida is in line with the principles of Preal<\/a>, a Latin America-wide e-waste recycling project which encourages reductions and proper disposals of such waste. The project also pushes for extended responsibilities for producers to ensure proper management of e-waste, said Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Crovetto and Garin\u00e9 Guerguerian, consultants from the environment ministry, which is contracted as part of the project. Such responsibility could entail manufacturers funding collection and recycling programmes, or designing easier-to-recycle products, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecuador and Peru: Grassroots recyclers app<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Improving waste management and promoting inclusivity in recycling in Ecuador: these were the goals leading to the creation of ReciVeci<\/a>, an app and platform that facilitates collaboration between citizens and grassroots, self-employed recyclers. Today, the app is available in the cities Quito, Cuenca, Guayaquil, and in 2023 began its expansion to Peru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cReciVeci was born out of the need to solve two problems: the generation of solid waste that is not being used, and the situation of grassroots recyclers,\u201d explains Sof\u00eda Baque, the platform\u2019s partnerships and community coordinator. The app allows citizens to locate nearby waste pickers through an interactive map and arrange a collection of the sorted materials at the user\u2019s home, ensuring a direct, clean and safe transaction. This allows users to get to know their recyclers, \u201cwhich creates a bond that fosters regular deliveries and a relationship of mutual trust,\u201d says Baque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
The ReciVeci app, available in the Ecuadorian cities of Quito, Cuenca and Guayaquil, allows citizens to locate nearby waste pickers and arrange a collection of the sorted materials at the user\u2019s home (Image: ReciVeci)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The app, which began as a voluntary and collective project, obtained seed capital of USD 10,000 from investors after winning<\/a> an urban entrepreneurship challenge in 2018. This funding enabled the development of a new version of the app, which was \u201cmore interactive and which allowed us to consolidate ourselves as a start-up\u201d, Baque adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to connecting waste pickers with citizens, ReciVeci\u2019s platform is gamified, and users can accumulate points and redeem them for prizes, encouraging the public to recycle. The app also provides users their metrics, helping them measure and quantify their own impact on waste management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asked about impact figures, Baque says that, to date, they have recovered 150 tonnes of waste and have 2,000 waste pickers registered on the app. Lorena Gallardo, the initiative\u2019s founder, recently told<\/a> the Forbes Ecuador podcast that they have recovered 200 tonnes of recyclable material and, according to her own calculations, avoided the emission of 300 tonnes of carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nearly half of the region\u2019s waste ends up in landfill. We meet groups finding fresh ways to stop the flow, via recycling apps, blockchain, waste-to-energy plants and more<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000096,"featured_media":60038135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[515,14713,578],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50000021,50000024,50002594,50002601,50002602],"class_list":["post-60038078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-circular-economy","tag-cities","tag-plastics","country-argentina","country-brazil","country-chile","country-ecuador","country-peru","country-uruguay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFive ways Latin America is tackling its waste problem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nearly half of the region\u2019s waste goes to the landfill. 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