{"id":60038170,"date":"2024-06-21T17:47:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-21T16:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60038170"},"modified":"2024-06-27T18:25:23","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T17:25:23","slug":"it-benefits-investors-not-locals-indigenous-leaders-oppose-nepal-cable-car-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/it-benefits-investors-not-locals-indigenous-leaders-oppose-nepal-cable-car-project\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018It benefits investors, not locals\u2019: Indigenous leaders oppose Nepal cable car project"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>By the time Indigenous activists managed to skirt police roadblocks and scramble through the jungle to reach the site, hundreds of trees had already been felled. Loggers, working since dawn, had cleared a path to make way for a cable car project on Mukkumlung, a sacred hill in northeast Nepal revered by the Kirat people. Two weeks later, on 1 Jun, freshly cut stumps gleamed in the fog and rain in a 15m-wide, 2km-long swathe that runs parallel to the stone path and steps leading to the hilltop. This hill, also known as Pathivara after the female deity that bears its name, is a site of immense cultural and spiritual significance, not only to the Kirat, but also to Hindus and Buddhists from Nepal, neighbouring India and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the local Indigenous Limbu people (one of the Kirat groups), Mukkumlung has been a power centre for millennia. They vow to protect it from the cable car development, but face an uphill struggle; the project has the backing of local businesses, major political parties and the government of Nepal, who argue it will boost tourism and the local economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe will fight until our demand is fulfilled \u2013 that the cable car won\u2019t be built,\u201d says Khagendra Fembu Limbu, chairman of the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Management Council. Recently, he led a group to examine the downed trees, which included eight to 10 types of rhododendron, Nepal\u2019s national flower. He claims the police stopped them from accessing the hill that day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In March, a confrontation occurred when police tried to carry building materials onto the hill at night to establish a base for the project. Interviewed days later, the coordinator of the Mukkumlung joint struggle committee, Shree Linkhim, told Dialogue Earth: \u201cWe told them that we wouldn\u2019t move tonight, tomorrow, or as long as it takes.\u201d<br><br>He added: \u201cSeven months ago, the mayor told us: \u2018You can do what you want, but we\u2019re not stopping this. We\u2019re going to start cutting down trees anyway; this cable car is going to be built\u2019. That\u2019s when we started guarding the area.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-legal-woes-and-economic-uplift\">Legal woes and economic uplift?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Phungling, a town of 29,000, an opposition campaign against the cable car is being led by Indigenous communities and activists. They are appealing to the Supreme Court to reject the project, which is being developed by <a href=\"https:\/\/imegroup.com.np\/\">IME Group<\/a>, a Nepali conglomerate led by industrialist Chandra Prasad Dhakal. The company also plans to build a restaurant and hotel at the bottom station. Dhakal, who is chairman and co-founder of IME Group, asserts that the project, with an investment of approximately three billion rupees (USD 22.4 million), will create jobs and economic opportunities for locals.<br><br>\u201cDevelopment in culturally significant areas is always sensitive. However, it&#8217;s important to balance development and progress with respect for culture, religion and tradition. Local people, authorities, pilgrims and tourists visiting Pathivara strongly support constructing the cable car,\u201d he tells Dialogue Earth via WhatsApp. \u201cDuring the construction phase, we will prioritise hiring local workers, ensuring that many of the people currently working as porters can transition into these new roles.\u201d He adds that the project will result in \u201cmore employment opportunities\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The decision to approve the project was made by the Nepalese government in <a href=\"https:\/\/naturekhabar.com\/ne\/archives\/24338\">2018<\/a>. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration wrote to the National Planning Commission (NPC) in July of that year requesting that it declare the cable car a national priority project. The recommendation was adopted by the NPC the following month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/View-over-Pathivara-Devi-Temple-with-Kanchenjunga-Mountain_-Alamy_HP4WM1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/View-over-Pathivara-Devi-Temple-with-Kanchenjunga-Mountain_-Alamy_HP4WM1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/View-over-Pathivara-Devi-Temple-with-Kanchenjunga-Mountain_-Alamy_HP4WM1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/View-over-Pathivara-Devi-Temple-with-Kanchenjunga-Mountain_-Alamy_HP4WM1.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"A view of mountains from the top\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">View over Mukkumlung Pathivara Devi Temple, with Kanchenjunga Mountain in the background. Supporters of the controversial cable car project say it will create jobs and economic opportunities for locals. (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/View-over-Pathivara-Devi-Temple-with-Kanchenjunga-Mountain_-Alamy_HP4WM1.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"976 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite assurances, activists like Linkhim challenge claims that local people will benefit from the project. \u201cThe cable car is not development, despite what the government says. It will benefit the investors, not the community. Even the few jobs created, such as for security guards, will be contracted to companies based in Kathmandu, not local people,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAlso, what will happen to the porters and the rest of the 700 locals employed here, selling items to tourists, for example?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shankar Limbu, an Indigenous lawyer from the same community, has taken the cable car case to Nepal\u2019s Supreme Court. Limbu says various laws \u201chave been completely overlooked\u201d for the cable car project to be green-lighted. These include a <a href=\"https:\/\/jogltep.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/JOGLTEP3.pdf\">1774 treaty<\/a> between the Limbu and Prithvi Narayan Shah \u2013 considered by many as the unifier of modern Nepal \u2013 which protects \u201cland, territory and natural resources\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Customary cultural and religious practices of the Limbu are also guaranteed by various international laws as well <a href=\"https:\/\/lawcommission.gov.np\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Constitution-of-Nepal.pdf\">as articles 26 and 32<\/a> of Nepal\u2019s constitution, Limbu tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wider-indigenous-resistance\">Wider Indigenous resistance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Limbu-led opposition in Mukkumlung is part of a broader pattern of Indigenous resistance in Nepal. Women from the Majhi community are fighting against a hydropower dam on the Sunkoshi River, located 130 kilometres east of Kathmandu. A feasibility study and environmental impact assessment have been <a href=\"https:\/\/kathmandupost.com\/national\/2023\/06\/01\/nepal-bangladesh-agree-to-involve-india-in-sunkoshi-3-project\">completed<\/a>, with work expected to commence in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.power-technology.com\/data-insights\/power-plant-profile-sunkoshi-3-nepal\/\">2029<\/a>. Authorities are hoping to sell some of the power generated to nearby Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The women say they were not consulted over the project, involving Bangladesh and India, which will turn their lives upside down. \u201cWhat is the point of land if there is no river?\u201d says one local resident, Mamta Majhi. \u201cOur rituals and rites are intimately connected to the Sunkoshi River. It is our life, it is for the celebration of birth, marriage and death. How can we honour our ancestors if we lose our river?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another facility facing staunch opposition is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chhayacenter.com\/\">Chhaya Center<\/a>,&nbsp; a five-year-old complex built on a site sacred to the Newar people in Kathmandu. Encompassing 86,000 square feet, it houses 200 retail stores, a disco, cinema, spa and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">Tourists don\u2019t come here to see the Chhaya Center. They come to see our culture, our heritage.<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Bhagabat Narsingh Pradhan, Newar activist<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The Chhaya Center, which once included a sacred lotus pond, is another case that Limbu has brought before the Supreme Court. \u201cThere\u2019s no doubt: the law says this land should be retained as a pond\u2026 either the Chhaya Center has to be moved or it has to be demolished,\u201d the lawyer tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The cases being heard by Nepal\u2019s top court are just the tip of the iceberg, according to Limbu. While he acknowledges \u201cIndigenous people are mentioned in the constitution,\u201d in practice, he says, these are just token gestures. \u201cThere is no single day that goes by where we don\u2019t get [concerning] information about what\u2019s happening to Indigenous peoples, to their land, to their settlements.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bhagabat Narsingh Pradhan is one of many Newar activists who have been fighting to reclaim the centuries-old site from the Chhaya Center. He calls for Kathmandu\u2019s firebrand mayor, known for using <a href=\"https:\/\/en.setopati.com\/social\/159448\">bulldozers to destroy illegal buildings<\/a>, to demolish the 11-floor centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s our Indigenous cultural and religious identity that is being destroyed,\u201d says Pradhan. \u201cBut It\u2019s not only an Indigenous issue \u2013 it\u2019s a national issue. Tourists don\u2019t come here to see the Chhaya Center. They come to see our culture, our heritage.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three controversial development projects face fierce resistance from Indigenous groups determined to defend their sacred sites and culture<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000573,"featured_media":60039069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[50042205,555,50040707],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000113],"class_list":["post-60038170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-culture","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-the-third-pole","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u2018It benefits investors, not locals\u2019: Indigenous leaders oppose 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