{"id":60045385,"date":"2024-08-06T14:49:12","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T13:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60045385"},"modified":"2024-08-07T16:37:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T15:37:00","slug":"environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

It has been over a decade since talks began over the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, Latin America and the Caribbean\u2019s landmark environmental treaty that seeks to improve access to information, address widespread impunity for crimes against environmental defenders, and give communities stronger rights to consultation on the impacts of large development projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The agreement finally entered into force in 2021<\/a>, and to date has been ratified by 16 countries in the region. Dominica was the latest to do so, in April 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the agreement is only in its fourth year, and its implementation is a work in progress<\/a>, it is already being used in litigation to bolster arguments and, at times successfully, to uphold citizens\u2019 rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last year, for example, Panama\u2019s supreme court declared that legislation granting a Canadian company a 20-year copper mining concession<\/a> was unconstitutional. The court said<\/a> the concession\u2019s approval had been based on an environmental impact assessment which was out of date, and thus breached the Escaz\u00fa Agreement\u2019s aim of providing access to environmental information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

In some countries, international treaties automatically become part of national law, so are immediately open to lawsuits. One such country is Mexico, where the highest court referenced Escaz\u00fa in a 2022 decision that halted<\/a> a major port expansion project on the Gulf coast in Veracruz, ruling in favour of community and environmental defenders seeking to protect reefs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Argentina, the federal court of the city of Mar del Plata ordered a halt<\/a> to fossil fuel exploration activities in 2022, in a case brought by Greenpeace. It did this based explicitly on the lack of public participation and information required by the Escaz\u00fa Agreement. However, subsequent appeals overturned this ruling. Argentine judges also rejected a request by Greenpeace for a precautionary injunction over exploration, despite a supportive statement<\/a> from the public prosecutor, which stressed that processes around the activities had not been properly compliant with Escaz\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key cases in the Caribbean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the Caribbean, the Escaz\u00fa Agreement is being used to challenge government attempts to shield themselves from legal scrutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A key judgment in this endeavour is part of an ongoing battle in Antigua and Barbuda launched by two Barbudans to block the construction of a private airport serving luxury resorts on the island. Jacklyn Frank and John Mussington say the development, which has been implicated in claims of land grabbing<\/a>, is destroying forest on their island as well as wetland ecosystems vital for preventing erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The pair\u2019s initial legal challenge that ordinary Barbudans have not been consulted on the project was dismissed. However, the Privy Council in London \u2013 the supreme court of appeal for members of the Commonwealth \u2013 disagreed, issuing a ruling<\/a> in February that Frank and Mussington had the right to bring such a case, known in legal terms as \u201cstanding\u201d \u2013 standing in line with Antigua and Barbuda\u2019s international obligations under the Escaz\u00fa Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their legal battle will now return to the local courts, where they recently filed a fresh claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mussington says the Privy Council\u2019s decision exposed Antigua and Barbuda, one of the first countries to sign the Escaz\u00fa agreement on 27 September 2018, for not following its own rules. \u201cWhile we were bringing that challenge to the government [in 2020], they were ratifying Escaz\u00fa,\u201d he notes. \u201cI think in future events, they will not be likely to make that mistake again.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Prince<\/div>
Prince Harry of the UK cruises among a colony of frigatebirds in the mangroves of Barbuda. Environmental activists say a project to build a luxury residence for a British millionaire with now-debunked \u2018links to the royal family\u2019 is threatening the breeding ground of the bird (Image: Chris Radburn \/ PA Images \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The judgement also opens the door for others in the region to challenge government decisions that affect the environment. Many of these lawsuits, like Mussington\u2019s, are supported by Global Legal Action Network (GLAN), an NGO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alongside Barbudan fisher and bird sanctuary guide George Jeffery, GLAN recently filed a case against the Antigua-based Development and Control Authority for approving a private luxury residence for an English millionaire with now debunked \u201croyal connections\u201d<\/a> at Cedar Tree Point, a development on Barbuda within a protected area. They say the project threatens the nesting site of rare sea turtles and the breeding ground of the frigatebird, the national bird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, Grenada Land Actors (GLA)<\/a>, a network of NGOs, community organisations and individuals seeking sustainable land management, is suing Grenada\u2019s planning department over its process of approving three \u201cmega-tourism\u201d developments. The organisation says work at these sites has cleared wetlands and mangroves, harmed protected species, and restricted or denied traditional community access. A hearing is scheduled for October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sarah O\u2019Malley, a lawyer at GLAN, says that the Grenadian government had previously relied on court rulings dismissing the Barbudan case: \u201cJohn\u2019s case means that all of those standing arguments that GLA were going to have to fight really hard against fall away completely, and they can focus more on the merits.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A similar lawsuit is planned in Dominica, where an international airport is being built<\/a> in an ecologically sensitive area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compliance and international influence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

There is also a growing international dimension to Escaz\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having initially refused to even sign the agreement, Chile finally became a full party<\/a> in June 2022. Just five months later, the country was chastised<\/a> by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for violating the right to freedom of expression of Carlos Baraona Bray, a lawyer who received a criminal conviction for defamation after accusing a Chilean senator of putting political pressure on public authorities to allow the illegal logging of Patagonian cypress trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A meeting between Indigenous women defenders and the new Guatemalan government in May. Last year, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights mentioned the Escaz\u00fa Agreement in a case concerning the country\u2019s Mayan communities (Image: Gobierno de Guatemala<\/a>, PDM<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In its decision<\/a>, the court highlighted the Escaz\u00fa Agreement\u2019s guarantee of \u201ca safe and enabling environment\u201d for environmental defenders and state requirements to protect them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The agreement was also briefly mentioned in two Inter-American Court rulings against governments: Peru<\/a>, for violating the right to a healthy environment of people living in the Andean mining town of La Oroya; and another recognising the rights of Indigenous people in Guatemala<\/a>. This happened even though neither country has ratified the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viviana Krsticevic, executive director of the Center for Justice and International Law (Cejil), tells Dialogue Earth that the Escaz\u00fa Agreement has power on its own, but efforts are being made to strengthen it by using it alongside other international legal instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The agreement is likely to be referenced in the Inter-American Court\u2019s upcoming advisory opinion on climate change and human rights<\/a>, in which Cejil has played a key role. Although the court is mainly tasked with upholding the American Convention \u2013 the human rights pact ratified by 24 western hemisphere states \u2013 the Escaz\u00fa Agreement has been mentioned many times in written<\/a> and oral submissions on this opinion. \u201cWe hope this will give states in the Americas a set of clear obligations based on an integrated interpretation of the American Convention plus Escaz\u00fa,\u201d says Krsticevic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Environment and Natural Resources Foundation (Farn), an Argentina-based NGO, also has a case pending at the country\u2019s supreme court, which seeks to bring together Escaz\u00fa and the Paris Agreement on climate change. Farn wants a precautionary order<\/a> that would prevent national authorities from consenting to offshore seismic exploration and offshore fossil fuel exploitation until the environmental impacts are properly assessed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cristian Fern\u00e1ndez, legal coordinator for Farn, suggests that lawsuits based on access to information are relatively straightforward. But he adds that enforcing other parts of Escaz\u00fa could be more difficult, including the principle of non-regression \u2013 that states commit to maintaining, at a minimum, current levels of relevant regulatory standards \u2013 which Farn is trying to uphold in its ongoing lawsuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A key limitation of the Escaz\u00fa Agreement is that it does not have its own court to adjudicate cases, says Krsticevic. A committee to support compliance has been set up, with basic rules on how it will receive queries and issue recommendations agreed at the treaty\u2019s most recent conference of the parties<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For direct enforceability and for courts to actually use the agreement, there is still a huge gap<\/blockquote>Natalia Gomez, climate change policy advisor for EarthRights International<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Natalia Gomez, climate change policy advisor for EarthRights International and a former official public representative for the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, says the compliance committee becomes active in a country two years after they ratify. And although no claims appear to have been filed with the committee yet, sources told Dialogue Earth that civil society groups are poised to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gomez says some states had resisted the creation of a compliance committee for Escaz\u00fa, wary of new mechanisms that could declare state responsibilities. But although the committee will not be able to sanction governments for non-compliance, she believes it will have some political and legal weight, pointing to experiences under similar international agreements such as Europe\u2019s Aarhus Convention<\/a> on access to environmental information: \u201cMy understanding of what has happened in Aarhus and compliance committees of other treaties is that many times, those decisions are followed by courts in their interpretation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gomez adds that there is still work to do to educate judges on the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, an issue that civil society groups in some countries are reportedly working on. Furthermore, despite the agreement encouraging parties to set up specialised environmental courts, few nations in Latin America and the Caribbean actually have them. \u201cFor direct enforceability and for courts to actually use the agreement, there is still a huge gap,\u201d Gomez says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3170,"featured_media":60045409,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[50041623,50003602,560],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040758,50000020,50000024,50041625,50041620,50003622,50002597,50002599,50002601],"class_list":["post-60045385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-environmental-defenders","tag-human-rights","tag-law","country-antigua-and-barbuda","country-argentina","country-chile","country-dominica","country-grenada","country-guatemala-2","country-mexico","country-panama","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEnvironmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Isabella Kaminski\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Isabella Kaminski\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/48a17ebdb5561a5cd6f8e0d333cf1fea\"},\"headline\":\"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\"},\"wordCount\":1611,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Environmental defenders\",\"Human rights\",\"Law\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Justice\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\",\"name\":\"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"A woman wearing a green headdress tends to a vibrant field\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/48a17ebdb5561a5cd6f8e0d333cf1fea\",\"name\":\"Isabella Kaminski\",\"description\":\"Isabella Kaminski is a freelance environmental journalist. You can follow her on Twitter @Isabella_Kam\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/isabellakaminski\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/isabellakaminski\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty | Dialogue Earth","description":"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty","og_description":"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_published_time":"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Isabella Kaminski","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/"},"author":{"name":"Isabella Kaminski","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/48a17ebdb5561a5cd6f8e0d333cf1fea"},"headline":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty","datePublished":"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/"},"wordCount":1611,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg","keywords":["Environmental defenders","Human rights","Law"],"articleSection":["Justice"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/","name":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty | Dialogue Earth","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg","datePublished":"2024-08-06T13:49:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-07T15:37:00+00:00","description":"The landmark agreement is increasingly influencing legal rulings in the region, protecting citizens\u2019 rights and ensuring environmental justice","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240806_Indigenous-leader-Rosa-da-Silva-Marques-tends-to-fields-near-the-Aneba-River_Bruno-Kelly_Amazonia-Real_1200px-copy.jpeg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"A woman wearing a green headdress tends to a vibrant field"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/environmental-litigation-in-latam-and-caribbean-bolstered-by-escazu-treaty\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Environmental litigation in Latam and Caribbean bolstered by Escaz\u00fa treaty"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/48a17ebdb5561a5cd6f8e0d333cf1fea","name":"Isabella Kaminski","description":"Isabella Kaminski is a freelance environmental journalist. You can follow her on Twitter @Isabella_Kam","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/isabellakaminski\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/isabellakaminski\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60045385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3170"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60045385"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60045385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60045582,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60045385\/revisions\/60045582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60045409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60045385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60045385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60045385"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=60045385"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=60045385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}