{"id":60050001,"date":"2024-09-10T18:12:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T17:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60050001"},"modified":"2024-09-10T18:12:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T17:12:31","slug":"at-least-196-environmental-defenders-were-murdered-in-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/at-least-196-environmental-defenders-were-murdered-in-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"At least 196 environmental defenders were murdered in 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

At least 196 land and environmental defenders were killed last year while trying to protect the planet from extractive industries, according to a new report by UK-based human rights NGO Global Witness. Of these murders, 85% took place in Latin America, predominantly in Colombia, Mexico and Honduras, with Indigenous peoples particularly affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new figures bring the total number of killings since Global Witness started its reporting on environmental defenders in 2012 to 2,106 murders globally. This is likely an underestimate of what is happening on the ground, says Laura Furones, the report\u2019s lead author. \u201cData is scattered, insufficient, inaccessible and sometimes entirely lacking,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entitled \u201cMissing voices: The violent erasure of land and environmental defenders\u201d, the report<\/a> identifies Colombia as the world\u2019s deadliest country for defenders, with at least 79 murders recorded in 2023. This is the highest annual total for any country ever documented by Global Witness. Colombia\u2019s Indigenous peoples and Afro-descendant communities were disproportionately affected, accounting for almost 40% of these killings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In August, Colombia became the latest country to ratify<\/a> the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, Latin America\u2019s first regional environmental treaty, which seeks to protect defenders, grant access to environmental information, and ensure participation in decision-making that affects the environment. Including Colombia, 17 countries in the region have ratified the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Colombian state has failed in its constitutional duty to protect defenders. We should be ashamed of these figures,\u201d says Astrid Torres, director of the Colombian NGO Somos Defensores. \u201cThe increase in killings is directly linked to the country\u2019s extractivist economic model. We have hundreds of ongoing social and environmental conflicts across the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"woman<\/div>
An Indigenous Arhuaco woman works on handicrafts in the Nabusimake community, northern Colombia. The country was the world\u2019s deadliest for environmental defenders in 2023, and almost 40% of murders targeted its Indigenous and Afro-descendant activists (Image: Andrea Puentes<\/a> \/ Presidencia de Colombia<\/a>, PDM<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Similar trends are evident in Mexico and Honduras, with 18 defenders killed in each country last year. In Mexico, over 70% of those killed were Indigenous peoples. In Brazil, the number of murders dropped from 34 in 2022 to 25. Over half were Indigenous peoples. The report highlights the broader progress on environmental protection seen under President Lula da Silva, who took office in January 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAcross the region, governments create stigmatising narratives against defenders, blaming communities and families and not investigating the companies that operate in the regions where the defenders are killed or threatened,\u201d says Alejandra Gonza, founder and director of Global Rights Advocacy, an NGO that works with defenders in Latin America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While establishing a direct link between the murder of a defender and specific corporate interests is difficult, the report identifies mining as the industry driving the most deaths. Twenty five of the defenders killed last year had publicly opposed mining operations, 92% of them being from Latin America \u2013 a region with a high concentration of minerals critical to the energy transition<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The risks for Central America<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Global Witness says defenders in Central America have faced more attacks per capita than anywhere else in the world, with nearly all of them (97%) occuring in either Honduras, Guatemala or Nicaragua. In 2023, 36 defenders were killed in the region. That means almost one in five of the killings documented globally took place in a region with less than 1% of the world\u2019s population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAfter the pandemic, there has been a hike in large infrastructure and extractivist projects, leading to threats to defenders,\u201d says C\u00e9sar Artiga, a people\u2019s representative to the Escaz\u00fa Agreement from El Salvador. \u201cHowever, it\u2019s not just the private sector. In some cases, the threats come from the state, criminalising defenders and creating smear campaigns.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The report says Central America has been subject to \u201cunsustainable\u201d extraction, in industries such as logging and mining. Communities are said to be forced to resist in the absence of proper consultation procedures. Events in Panama last year demonstrated this, where plans to award a mining contract were cancelled following nationwide protests<\/a> that lasted a month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Global Witness, expanding authoritarian regimes in Central America are granting impunity to political and economic elites that use violence to maintain control of natural resources. The region contains 5-12%<\/a> of the world\u2019s biodiversity in its patchwork of tropical ecosystems, covering a narrow strip between the Pacific and Caribbean coastlines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese regimes exist and work in tandem with concentrated economic elites, who have de facto power in the territories. Both benefit from exploiting natural resources,\u201d says Bertha Zu\u00f1iga C\u00e1ceres, an activist from Honduras. Her mother Berta C\u00e1ceres<\/a>, a noted activist and Indigenous leader who had led opposition to a hydropower project, was killed in 2016. \u201cIt\u2019s heartbreaking not to find justice for environmental defenders in the region.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The challenges ahead<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The \u201cMissing voices\u201d report calls on governments to create a safe environment for environmental defenders. It says they should be able to freely exercise their roles without fearing for their lives. The authors urge governments to enforce existing laws and mechanisms, such as the Escaz\u00fa Agreement and the Aarhus Convention<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At April\u2019s annual Escaz\u00fa Agreement summit in Chile, countries approved<\/a> a plan to protect environmental defenders. It is yet to be implemented. At the same time, a group of countries including Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Peru continue to resist ratifying the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, with its governments generally putting forward arguments that the treaty is anti-development<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEven with those who signed it, there\u2019s not a sense of urgency regarding Escaz\u00fa,\u201d says Artiga. \u201cThey are not moving as fast as they should with implementing the actions contemplated in the agreement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The report also asks governments to systematically identify, document and analyse attacks against environmental defenders, with the aim of developing better enforcement measures. It says data gathering should be transparent and participatory, as in many cases it is the defenders themselves who have the most detailed information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMissing voices\u201d says businesses should implement procedures to identify and mitigate harm against defenders throughout their operations, such as due diligence checks for their supply chains. It also urges zero tolerance for attacks and reprisals against defenders, and standards that their suppliers must also follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs the climate crisis accelerates, those who use their voice to courageously defend our planet are met with violence, intimidation and murder. This is simply unacceptable,\u201d says Furones. \u201cGovernments cannot stand idly by; they must take decisive action to protect defenders and to address the underlying drivers of violence.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New Global Witness report documents the violence faced by those resisting extractive industries, with Latin America remaining the deadliest region for activists<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":60050016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[50041623,555,559],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021,50000024,50000025,50000023,50007635,50003622,50002596,50002597,50002598,50002599,50002601],"class_list":["post-60050001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-environmental-defenders","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-land-rights","country-brazil","country-chile","country-colombia","country-costa-rica","country-dominican-republic","country-guatemala-2","country-honduras","country-mexico","country-nicaragua","country-panama","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAt least 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