{"id":60053440,"date":"2024-10-07T13:16:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T12:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60053440"},"modified":"2024-10-07T13:16:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T12:16:21","slug":"political-tension-in-west-africa-puts-vital-climate-action-at-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/political-tension-in-west-africa-puts-vital-climate-action-at-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Political tension in West Africa puts vital climate action at risk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A wave of military coups in West Africa is reshaping political landscapes and jeopardising a unified response to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In January, relations within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) broke down to the point where the junta-led nations of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger announced<\/a> they were leaving the regional bloc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While they are yet to formally do so, the juntas’ trio of chiefs said<\/a> in July they were \u201cirrevocably\u201d turning their backs on ECOWAS. In September, plans were announced<\/a> for a new passport to make travel easier between the three countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coups in West Africa since 2020<\/span>
\n

18 August 2020<\/strong>: Mali\u2019s military general Assimi Goita removes president Ibrahim Keita<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24 May 2021<\/strong>: Goita \u2013 who had installed Bah Ndaw as president after the coup \u2013 takes power himself<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 September 2021<\/strong>: Guinea\u2019s colonel Mamady Doumbouya removes Alpha Conde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24 January 2022<\/strong>: In Burkina Faso, lieutenant colonel Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba removes president Roch Kabor\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 September 2022<\/strong>: Damiba is in turn removed by military captain Ibrahim Traor\u00e9  

26 July 2023<\/strong>: In Niger, general Abdourahamane Tiani overthows president Mohamed Bazoum and becomes the new leader

Recent coup attempts were also reported in The Gambia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau.
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ECOWAS is still hoping to negotiate their return, saying a split would risk regional disintegration and worsen security. It would also pose a serious threat to the bloc\u2019s climate strategy. West Africa is already experiencing severe climate change impacts, including food insecurity and heatwaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the worst affected areas is the Sahel. Situated along the Sahara Desert\u2019s southern border, the Sahel comprises six Francophone countries \u2013 Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal \u2013 and is home to more than 100 million people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How is climate change affecting the Sahel?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temperatures in the Sahel are rising 1.5 times faster than in the rest of the world and droughts are becoming more intense, according to a report<\/a> by Solidarit\u00e9s International, a non-profit humanitarian agency. Climate change has also brought heavier rains. But with the land too dry to absorb the rainwater, there have been destructive river floods in Mali and Niger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By 2050, climate change could plunge up to 13.5 million people in the Sahel into poverty and lead to the displacement of up to 32 million<\/a> across West Africa, according to the World Bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noud\u00e9hou\u00e9nou Gandonou is a US-based climate finance and fragility expert who has researched climate impacts in the Sahel. He says changing rainfall patterns have led smallholder farmers relying on rainfed agriculture to change planting dates, diversify crops and plant drought-resistant varieties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHowever, these adaptations are not enough to counter the escalating severity and frequency of droughts, which have affected approximately 125 million<\/a> people in the Sahel from 1970 to 2022 alone,\u201d Gandonou tells Dialogue Earth. \u201cThe increasing unpredictability and severity of these conditions threaten the region\u2019s livelihoods and food security, exacerbating existing socio-economic vulnerabilities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conflict and climate change in the Sahel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since 2020, West Africa (home to over 400 million people across 16 countries) has witnessed at least six successful military takeovers and numerous foiled attempts, plunging the region into political insecurity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sahel region has been described<\/a> as the \u201cepicentre of terrorism\u201d, and in 2022 accounted for 43% of global terrorism deaths. Since the 2000s, more than 2.5 million people<\/a> have been displaced there, increasing the need for humanitarian interventions. This shift in priorities has made climate adaptation even more difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBecause of climate change, land and water resources have become scarce, and as a result, people fight over these limited resources. That leads to insecurity and general instability,\u201d says the Gambian political and security analyst, Essa Njie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njie adds: \u201cOnce these challenges are present, we risk having organised crime, competition over scarce resources, violent conflict and terrorist infiltration.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The future of the bloc\u2019s climate strategy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2022, ECOWAS agreed<\/a> its first ever Regional Climate Strategy (RCS<\/a>) to fulfil member countries\u2019 obligations under the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bloc’s representatives tell Dialogue Earth that the political instability will severely undermine the solidarity and coordination needed to implement this strategy successfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

\u201cClimate change is global, but actions are local. The [RCS] is a testament to this,\u201d says a spokesperson for the office of the ECOWAS president, Omar Touray. \u201cNational actors, including public actors, civil society and the private sector become the key drivers of implementation. At political level, climate action will be pushed to the back burner, as the struggle for unity and survival of the community is paramount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPolitical instability will surely impact the scope of implementation of our climate strategy. For instance, the transboundary areas and water basins that need regional adaptation actions will not be easily accessible.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECOWAS has also made it clear that any country leaving the bloc will lose access to its projects. \u201cThe Regional Climate Centre<\/a> may face some restrictions [in providing] forecast data and information to these Member States,\u201d the spokesperson adds. \u201cConsequently, they may not benefit from some of the best available practices and environmental technologies developed by the other countries and vice versa. This will create vulnerability when it comes to the climate security of the region as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn addition, the capacity of the region to capture carbon emissions will be reduced,\u201d the spokesperson says. \u201cWe are stronger together.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coups d\u2019\u00e9tat disrupt environmental policies and projects \u2026 climate projects can be delayed or cancelled, harming governments and populations<\/blockquote>Ma\u00efmouna Adamou, activist and coordinator of Climate Clock in Benin<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fatou Jeng, a climate change activist and founder of Clean Earth Gambia, says the political instability could shift priorities from climate adaptation to the military, stalling progress and diverting funds from climate projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith some leaders not recognising the authority of ECOWAS, it also means them not accepting and endorsing the strategy, which will significantly impact coordinated responses to climate projects and actions,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ECOWAS strategy \u201cincludes low-cost adaptation measures in key sectors such as agriculture and water resources, supported by coordinated actions among governments, the private sector and global climate funds\u201d, Gandonou tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u00e9l\u00e9 J\u00e9r\u00f4me William Bationo, a climate change researcher from Burkina Faso, says his country lacks the means to implement policies and programmes itself. It would struggle to finance them, and lacks technical capacity, he says.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u00efmouna Adamou, an activist and coordinator of Climate Clock in Benin (another ECOWAS state) stresses that peace and collaboration are essential in the fight against climate change, and fears for the region\u2019s climate response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe split within ECOWAS could make matters worse, as coups d\u2019\u00e9tat disrupt environmental policies and projects,\u201d she says. \u201cClimate projects can be delayed or cancelled, harming both governments and populations.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charting a way forward<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ECOWAS is still hoping to rebuild relationships with Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger; sanctions aimed at restoring democratic rule in the nations have been lifted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLifting those sanctions is meant to mitigate the situation and ensure that actions are taken by the commission to support its member states to fight climate change challenges under the implementation of the RCS,\u201d its spokesperson says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In May, the Africa Policy Research Institute published a report<\/a> on climate change adaptation policies and strategies regarding Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. It stressed the need for capacity building and knowledge sharing among West African countries to address the climate crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI firmly believe that collaboration and peace are essential in the fight against climate change,\u201d says Ma\u00efmouna. \u201cIt is the reason we need ECOWAS to act as one force.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Temperatures in the Sahel are rising faster than anywhere else on Earth, but military coups threaten the region\u2019s unified climate strategy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3987,"featured_media":60053643,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[20000192,50042206,50040720],"hashtags":[],"country":[50041568,50041569,50041241,50041533,50041238,50040738,50041236,50041222,50041230,50041566,50041246,50040760,50041221,50041235,50041237,50041570],"class_list":["post-60053440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-disasters","tag-displacement","tag-geopolitics","country-benin","country-burkina-faso","country-cabo-verde","country-cote-divoire","country-gambia","country-ghana","country-guinea","country-guinea-bissau","country-liberia","country-mali","country-mauritania","country-niger","country-nigeria","country-senegal","country-sierra-leone","country-togo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPolitical tension in West Africa puts vital 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