{"id":60062218,"date":"2024-12-02T15:30:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T15:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60062218"},"modified":"2024-12-05T11:37:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T11:37:32","slug":"in-colombia-women-led-fish-farming-is-offering-an-alternative-to-drug-crops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/in-colombia-women-led-fish-farming-is-offering-an-alternative-to-drug-crops\/","title":{"rendered":"In Colombia, women-led fish farming is offering an alternative to drug crops"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Amazon rainforest in southern Colombia stretches lush and green across the horizon, but beneath its dense canopy lies a shifting reality. The southern province of Putumayo \u2013 a remote region bordering Ecuador, at the edge of the country\u2019s Amazon \u2013 has long been dominated by coca plantations and burdened by the perennial shadow of the country\u2019s armed conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With its fertile ground for coca \u2013 the raw material for cocaine \u2013 the remote area has fostered a web of illegal activity that drives both local economies and the violent dynamics of armed groups vying for control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For many in Putumayo, coca has remained an economic mainstay, a guaranteed income in a place where legal alternatives are scarce, infrastructure is limited, and state presence is intermittent at best.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent decades, successive Colombian governments have attempted to curb coca cultivation, yet eradication efforts have had limited success and production surged<\/a> in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The human and environmental cost of this illicit crop is enormous: homicides, ongoing human rights abuses, child exploitation, deforestation, soil degradation and water contamination leave lasting scars on Putumayo\u2019s social fabric, as well as its lush ecosystem, threatening the Amazon\u2019s biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amid this landscape, a small group on the outskirts of the town of Puerto Caicedo has charted a different course. The El Progreso Association of Female Fish Farmers and Agricultural Producers, known by its Spanish acronym of ASOPPAEP, is a women\u2019s collective of former coca farmers turning their resources towards a legal and more eco-friendly alternative: fish farming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBefore we had a greater economic fluidity, but we lived in the fear of knowing that it was something illicit, that if you encountered the army or an armed group it would be a problem,\u201d Aura Ruiz, a representative of the ASOPPAEP, tells Dialogue Earth, as she stands in the shade by one of the collective\u2019s numerous pools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"group<\/div>
Members of ASOPPAEP, a women\u2019s fishing collective in Putumayo, Colombia, take a break from\u00a0fish farming (Image \u00a9 Duber Rosero \/ WWF Colombia)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The group\u2019s 12 members cleared their terrain of the coca plantations that previously peppered the area\u2019s hills. Where coca once flourished, ASOPPAEP now operates a series of aquaculture pools which are home to thousands of tambaqui and tilapia fish, producing nearly 4,000 kilograms every six months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNow, we can cultivate our produce without any law or entity preventing us from doing so. It strengthens us, it gives us peace of mind and, beyond that, we know that we are contributing to the family economy,\u201d Ruiz explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The environmental toll of coca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Putumayo\u2019s rich soil and isolated location make it ideal for coca plantations. While coca has served as a vital income source for rural communities in the absence of other options, the environmental cost is devastating. Farmers cut swathes of rainforest to make room for coca plants, stripping the land of native vegetation and the species that rely on it, thus intensifying deforestation in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCoca farming oftentimes is a subsistence economy, which attracts violence amongst armed groups and harsh state crackdowns,\u201d says Bram Ebus, a consultant at the International Crisis Group think-tank. \u201cWe cannot make the argument that coca plantations enrich local communities, or are actually wanted by local communities, but due to the lack of other livelihood opportunities people are oftentimes forced to partake because they need to make ends meet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Land grabbing and industries such as cattle ranching also contribute greatly to deforestation across the region, and are known to have links<\/a> to illicit economies and the armed groups present in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, the processing of coca into cocaine releases toxic chemicals, often dumped into nearby rivers and streams, poisoning the area\u2019s water sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For communities in Putumayo, the deforestation and contamination associated with coca cultivation mean more than environmental damage \u2013 they signal the erosion of local resources that are fundamental to their survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"girl<\/div>
A girl runs through the rain in the Colombian Amazon. Many forest areas in the country are extremely remote and controlled by armed groups, making it difficult to deliver basic state services (Image: N. Mazars<\/a> \/ European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid<\/a>, CC BY NC ND<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In this context, ASOPPAEP\u2019s commitment to fish farming serves as a sustainable alternative that does not require the destruction of forests and results in more manageable levels of chemical waste. Through aquaculture, it is creating a new model of land use that prioritises ecological health while offering a viable income stream to rural families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe strive to make great use of everything in order to help conserve nature, trees, and water. We want to protect without destroying and razing everything, because we know that Putumayo is a part of the Amazon and therefore also part of the world\u2019s lungs,\u201d Ruiz says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cooperative is mindful of the impact its work has on its surrounding environment, and says it has implemented protocols to limit its waste and maximise production opportunities. Its members reuse fish scales to produce collagen, and turn fish entrails into organic fertiliser for crops in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By making full use of their resources, ASOPPAEP\u2019s members attempt to minimise their environmental impact, aiming to establish a circular economy that benefits both the community and the land. By prioritising self-sufficiency and a legal income, they are challenging the economic dominance of coca in Putumayo \u2013 and giving the region\u2019s damaged environment a chance to recover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An uphill battle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fish farming is not without its challenges, though. The work comes with a high degree of financial risk, and the ASOPPAEP cannot fully overlook the security risks inevitably intertwined with rural work in an area like Putumayo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen transitioning to an economy that improves the conservation of biodiversity, there is no magic formula,\u201d Luz \u00c1ngela Florez, Amazon region coordinator at WWF Colombia tells Dialogue Earth. \u201cIn terms of economic alternatives, there isn\u2019t one that equals the income produced by coca. Transitions away from coca will always be related not to an economic issue, but to a matter of risk.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, the cooperative relies on a six-month production cycle during which fish stocks mature before they can be harvested and sold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

This extended timeline means that members often seek supplementary income through small-scale agriculture or other side jobs to cover costs between harvests. The cooperative has also faced difficulties accessing larger markets, as rural infrastructure in Putumayo remains underdeveloped, limiting its ability to scale up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Colombian government\u2019s National Program for the Substitution of Illicit Crops (PNIS), introduced in 2017, was designed to help farmers transition from coca to legal alternatives. However, implementation has been inconsistent<\/a>, leaving many communities without the resources they need to break away from the illicit economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn this peripheral Amazon region historically there is less, or no, state presence at all,\u201d explains Ebus. \u201cLooking at Putumayo, we find there needs to be a regional strategy to increase security for Amazon populations and the ecosystems they inhabit \u2013 but not from a military perspective, because, especially in Putumayo, increased military presence means increased human rights violations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this gap, local initiatives like ASOPPAEP\u2019s have emerged as examples of the possibilities offered by community-led action, even in areas where government support is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Florez offers a note of caution: \u201cIn order to promote the transition to other economies, there must be a way to minimise the risk that rural communities assume when they decide to move from coca to a different livelihood.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Going forward, ASOPPAEP also hopes to use its land to harvest other crops, such as fruit and vegetables, and is even considering developing a local ecotourism project on its land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI am very much in love with fish farming,\u201d Ruiz says. \u201cEven though at times the economic reward has been very low, it is something that we must maintain over time because it is a very beautiful job and it has taught us to have our own autonomy. I do not intend to go back.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u00f1igo Alexander travelled to the Putumayo region at the invitation of the World Wildlife Fund.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Illicit coca cultivation has fuelled environmental degradation and violence in the Colombian Amazon. Now, some locals are turning to a cleaner and greener future<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000669,"featured_media":60062952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902],"tags":[506,40027751,20000253],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000025],"class_list":["post-60062218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-amazon","tag-aquaculture","tag-gender","country-colombia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn Colombia, women-led fish farming is offering an alternative to drug crops | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Illicit coca cultivation has fuelled environmental degradation and violence in the Colombian Amazon. 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