{"id":60064680,"date":"2024-12-11T09:37:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T09:37:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60064680"},"modified":"2025-01-07T09:15:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T09:15:34","slug":"coal-will-be-a-central-pillar-of-cop31-wherever-its-held","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/coal-will-be-a-central-pillar-of-cop31-wherever-its-held\/","title":{"rendered":"Coal will be a central pillar of COP31, wherever it\u2019s held"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Australia and T\u00fcrkiye went into COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, with a range of diplomatic goals, but none greater than each country\u2019s hopes to be announced as the host of the UN climate summit in 2026. For Ufuk and myself, the competition between our respective countries trickled down into a daily banter, and at times, fierce rivalry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For T\u00fcrkiye, this is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2019\/09\/10\/turkey-withdraws-bid-host-2020-un-climate-talks-paving-way-uk\/\">second time<\/a> in six years that it has put its name forward as a potential COP host. In 2019, the country challenged the UK for hosting rights of COP26. Since then, president Erdo\u011fan renewed his country\u2019s hosting push, bolstered by his attendance at recent UN climate summits, including last year\u2019s event in Dubai as one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/politics\/erdogan-heads-to-cop28-as-turkiye-seeks-concrete-steps-for-climate\/news\">few G20 leaders present<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If successful, COP31 would likely be hosted in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iklimhaber.org\/cop31e-turkiye-mi-avustralya-mi-ev-sahipligi-yapacak\/\">coastal city of Antalya<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Australia, the current prime minister planted the idea of hosting the UN summit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignminister.gov.au\/minister\/penny-wong\/media-release\/australias-international-climate-engagement\">soon after coming to office in May 2022<\/a>. In November that year, Australia formally announced its bid to host the UN summit, in partnership with \u2018the Pacific\u2019. Since then, many in Australian government circles assumed it was a sure thing but have since been surprised at the resilience of the Turkish bid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If Australia is successful, it could be hosted in a number of the country\u2019s major cities, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dpc.sa.gov.au\/news\/south-australia-makes-bid-to-host-cop31-in-2026\">Adelaide<\/a> is looking like the most likely candidate. The state\u2019s premier hosted a welcome reception at COP29 this year, spruiking the opportunity that it could be the first COP hosted in a city run on 100% renewables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After a recent meeting in the Turkish capital of Ankara last week, the Turkish climate envoy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ekonomim.com\/kose-yazisi\/turkiye-cop31-baskanligini-almakta-kararli\/780893\">noted<\/a> that both countries had reached a \u201cgentleman\u2019s agreement\u201d ahead of the upcoming Australian election in May.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"60057311\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>With neither country interested in backing down, the final hosting decision has been deferred to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nortonrosefulbright.com\/en-au\/knowledge\/publications\/43d10ed2\/cop29-outcomes\">June next year<\/a>, where 29 largely western European countries will have to reach a consensus decision on where the 2026 climate summit will be held.<br><br>Until then, the rivalry between Ufuk and myself is sure to continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regardless of the decision, this will be the first COP in years hosted in a country largely dependent on coal power. This comes after a series of summits hosted in oil and gas-dependent economies, asking the question of whether or not coal could play a critical role once again, as it did in Glasgow. There, the UK government pushed through the <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-glasgow-climate-pact-key-outcomes-from-cop26\">first formal recognition<\/a> of the need to phase-down unabated coal power.<br><br>To answer this question, we\u2019ve come together to try to outline what we think are some of the benefits, challenges and opportunities if either of our home-nations are selected to host the UN climate talks in two years\u2019 time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-goal-triple-renewables\" style=\"line-height:1.4em !important\">\n    First, let&#8217;s talk about the goal to triple renewables. What makes T\u00fcrkiye or Australia a valuable location, so close to the 2030 deadline?  \n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ufuk<\/strong>: T\u00fcrkiye has set an ambitious target to quadruple its current 30 GW of combined wind and solar capacity, aiming for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enerdata.net\/publications\/daily-energy-news\/turkiye-unveils-roadmap-reach-120-gw-wind-and-solar-capacity-2035.html\">120 GW by 2035<\/a>. Demonstrating its commitment to this goal, the country has more than doubled its installed solar capacity in the last two years, increasing from <a href=\"https:\/\/balkangreenenergynews.com\/turkey-plans-89-gw-of-new-solar-wind-power-by-2035\/\">9 GW to 19 GW<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While solar power has seen remarkable growth, wind energy has also made significant strides. As of 2023, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;s wind power share in electricity generation (11%) is <a href=\"https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/latest-insights\/turkiye-electricity-review-2024\/#wind-and-solar\">higher than that of G20 nations like Italy and France<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chris<\/strong>: Australia has the <a href=\"https:\/\/cer.gov.au\/schemes\/renewable-energy-target\/small-scale-renewable-energy-scheme\/small-scale-renewable-energy-systems\/rooftop-solar\">world\u2019s highest rooftop solar penetration<\/a> in the world and has transformed our renewable energy capacity in the last few years. Back in 2015, wind and solar contributed just 7% of electricity (18 terawatt-hour\u00a0or TWh). This grew to 28% (77 TWh) last year and we\u2019re aiming to reach <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycouncil.com.au\/analysis\/the-82-per-cent-national-renewable-energy-target-where-did-it-come-from-and-how-can-we-get-there\/\">82% by 2030<\/a>.<br><br>The state where COP31 could be held \u2014 South Australia \u2014 is aiming for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premier.sa.gov.au\/media-releases\/news-archive\/new-target-for-renewables#:~:text=South%20Australia%20will%20bring%20forward,per%20cent%20renewables%20by%202027.\">100% renewable energy by 2027<\/a> and already regularly reaches this mark in Summer. It\u2019s reasonable to expect that COP31 in Australia could be powered entirely with renewables and that batteries will be a big part of the final package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-now-talk-about-coal\" style=\"line-height:1.4em !important\">\n    Now, let&#8217;s talk about coal. How could your country push forward global debates around coal?  \n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ufuk<\/strong>: Unlike Australia, T\u00fcrkiye is not a fossil fuel exporter. Even its coal-fired power generation, which accounts for <a href=\"https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/latest-insights\/turkiye-electricity-review-2024\/#coal\">36% of electricity production<\/a>, heavily relies on imports with over half of the coal used being sourced from abroad. Additionally, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s domestic coal power plants are aging and often operate below full capacity due to low calorific value and recurring outages. These factors, as well as our positive geopolitical relationships with China, India, Russia and India, make T\u00fcrkiye a more favourable candidate for initiating coal phase-down discussions in an effective manner, and perhaps on a uniquely global scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chris<\/strong>: Australia is currently undergoing one of the fastest coal power transitions in the world and expects to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangeauthority.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024-11\/2024AnnualProgressReport.pdf\">decommission 90%<\/a> of its coal power plants by 2034. However, Ufuk\u2019s right and we export much more coal than we use. That\u2019s where Australia could make a real mark on COP31. If we are selected to host, I\u2019ll be pushing the government to announce an end to new thermal coal mines at COP31, and hope to expand existing pledges focusing on coal power, to coal mining as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-finally-key-outcome\" style=\"line-height:1.4em !important\">\n    Finally, what else might be a key outcome of a COP hosted in your country that just wouldn\u2019t be possible anywhere else?  \n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ufuk<\/strong>: I see this as an opportunity for T\u00fcrkiye to raise awareness about the energy transition and inspire the country to take on a more proactive role in the region. During my visit to Baku this year, I witnessed a similar positive impact in Azerbaijan. In T\u00fcrkiye, even energy professionals often lack awareness of or engagement with COP events, and the Ministry of Energy plays only a limited role. The country tends to isolate itself within its pavilion. Hosting such an event could revitalise T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;s official delegation and reintegrate the country into the global conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chris<\/strong>: We haven\u2019t had a UN climate summit in the southern hemisphere for a decade, and as a co-host with the Pacific, COP31 could be a critical moment to focus on the region. This would also mean dealing with adaptation in a new way, but also focusing on the biggest drivers of short-term warming that are creating existential risks for Pacific countries. Ahead of the 2030 deadline, Australia\u2019s unique coal, gas and agriculture sectors mean it could also focus on creating a coalition to mitigate the short-term warming impacts of methane around the world.<br><br>One thing we both agree on is that COP31 will not only be a key moment in our national energy transitions, but it must also push forward the global effort to phase down coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the diplomatic challenge will be significant. India has already put in a <a href=\"https:\/\/asiasociety.org\/policy-institute\/indias-road-map-cop33\">prospective bid<\/a> for COP33 in 2028 and will be sensitive to any suspected singling out of its coal sector without responsive support.&nbsp; For either host, finding the balance between pragmatism and possibility will be key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By 2026, coal demand in the world\u2019s biggest economies should have reached its peak, but it will still require incredible diplomatic nuance to either end new thermal coal mines or fast-track the global transition to phase it down.<br><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the shadows of COP29, two of the world\u2019s most coal-dependent countries are still bidding to host the UN climate summit in 2026, offering what could be a unique moment to renew focus on coal, write two climate 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