{"id":60065051,"date":"2024-12-16T16:27:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T16:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60065051"},"modified":"2025-02-18T07:54:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T07:54:57","slug":"philippines-struggles-end-coal-despite-renewables-pledge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/philippines-struggles-end-coal-despite-renewables-pledge\/","title":{"rendered":"Philippines struggles to break free from coal despite renewables pledge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The constant rumble of machinery from nearby coal-fired power plants and the acrid, rotten egg-like stench have become an unwelcome part of life in Limay town in the Philippine province of Bataan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the first plant went live in 2013, residents of the coastal municipality have been suffering the consequences: respiratory illnesses, displacement, and loss of livelihoods. Locals are stuck with expensive bills because the electricity generated in their town is sold to other provinces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite ambitions for a clean energy transition, coal continues to be the most trusted source of power in the Philippines. It leaves Derek Cabe, an anti-fossil fuel campaigner from Bataan, often wondering: at what cost do communities like hers power a nation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur community should not be collateral damage just so other regions can have electricity,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Philippines, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, is struggling to reduce its reliance on coal, a major driver of global warming, despite ambitious renewable energy pledges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the COP28 summit in Dubai last year, the country signed a pledge<\/a> to triple the world\u2019s renewable energy capacity, aligning with its domestic goal of increasing renewables\u2019 share in the electricity mix to 35% by 2030 and to 50% by 2040.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHaving that target, you could say the Philippines is one of the more ambitious countries in Southeast Asia, maybe after Vietnam,\u201d said Dini Setyawati, senior electricity policy analyst for Southeast Asia at energy think tank Ember.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, coal still fuels 57% of the Philippines\u2019 energy needs. The country currently operates 28 coal-fired plants with a combined capacity of 9.88 gigawatts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, the contribution of renewables to the country\u2019s power mix remains at just 22%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government and industry groups argue that a diverse energy mix, including coal, is essential to ensure energy security and meet the growing demand for electricity as the country transitions to cleaner, domestic energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renewables lag coal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While the Philippines has made efforts to expand its clean energy sector, coal continues to outpace renewables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The share of electricity generated by coal rose to 61.9% in 2023 from 59.1% the previous year, according to a report<\/a> released by Ember in July. This increase pushed the Philippines ahead of major coal users China, Poland, and even Indonesia, making it Southeast Asia\u2019s most coal-reliant nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reacting to the Ember report, the Philippine Department of Energy (DOE) said that while the country relies heavily on coal-fired power generation, its absolute generation and emissions are significantly lower compared to China and Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Ember also noted the Philippines\u2019 wind and solar potential \u201cremains almost entirely untapped.\u201d In 2023, wind and solar increased to 3.7 terawatt-hours (TWh) from less than 1TWh in 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The energy department acknowledged the government still has a long way to go in ramping up renewables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut we do not waver on this ambition. We want renewables to become the dominant source of power in the Philippines,\u201d said Marissa Cerezo, the director of DOE\u2019s Renewable Energy Management Bureau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe primary consideration is to ensure the energy supply for our economic development, so we have to increase the share of renewables in a timely and strategic manner so that we don\u2019t compromise the energy security of the country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The energy transition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To accelerate the energy transition, the Philippines is optimising incentives and streamlining the process to attract both domestic and international renewable energy investors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These perks include a seven-year income tax holiday extendable to 21 years for new renewable energy project developers, duty-free importation of capital equipment, tax exemptions on carbon credits, and incentives for off-grid clean energy projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The DOE recently signed an agreement with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to expedite offshore wind energy development. The government wants to bring the first offshore wind projects online by 2028.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2020, the Philippines imposed a moratorium on new coal power plants to help curb greenhouse gas emissions and transition to clean energy. The ban, however, does not cover existing coal plants or those already committed to expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Coastal<\/div>
A coal-fired power plant in Mariveles, Bataan (Image: P199<\/a>, Wikimedia<\/a> \/ CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUnder the guise of expansion, [coal companies] bypass the moratorium,\u201d Cabe said. For instance, the Petron Refinery Power Station in Limay was commissioned in 2013 with a capacity of 140 megawatts. It later underwent a 44 MW expansion<\/a> in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July, groups including energy consumers filed graft complaints<\/a> against Energy Secretary Raphael Lotilla with the Office of the Ombudsman, accusing him of allowing AboitizPower\u2019s coal-fired power plant expansion in Cebu province despite a coal moratorium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The DOE maintained the moratorium is not a total ban and that a project proponent can request a review of their project to confirm that it is not covered by the policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nine coal-fired power projects<\/a>, which had been approved before the 2020 moratorium and total 2,255 MW, are expected to boost the country\u2019s main power grids by 2028, according to the DOE. Five of these projects are in Bataan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Price for power<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since the construction of the first coal-fired power plant in Bataan in 2013, the province north of capital Manila has become a hub for coal-powered generation. While these plants contribute to the national power grid, they also bring a host of health and economic challenges to local communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Residents living near coal plants have reported increased respiratory illnesses such as asthma and pneumonia as well as skin diseases. Concerns about the potential link between coal pollution and cancer have also arisen, according to Cabe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Existing coal plants were responsible for 630 air-pollution deaths in the Philippines in 2019, 68% of which occurred in Luzon, where Bataan is located, according to a 2020 study<\/a> by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA). The study projected that Bataan could experience a 103% increase in premature deaths due to air pollution if the proposed coal projects were to be built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The burning of coal releases harmful pollutants into the air such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter, which can exacerbate existing health conditions and lead to serious respiratory problems, especially among children and the elderly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The construction of power plants and associated infrastructure has also led to the displacement of communities and the loss of traditional fishing grounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cabe lamented that Bataan residents do not have access to affordable and reliable power as the electricity generated in the coal plants is sold to other provinces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat\u2019s unfair to us, and we don\u2019t even benefit except for minimal corporate social responsibility projects,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Path away from coal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The DOE is encouraging a \u201cvoluntary early and orderly decommissioning<\/a> or repurposing of existing coal-fired power plants\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early retirement<\/a> of coal plants by five years could prevent around 290 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, almost double the Philippines\u2019 annual emissions, according to an analysis by TransitionZero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cebu Energy Development Corp coal plant, Quezon Power Plant, and SEM-Calaca Power Corporation coal plant were identified by TransitionZero as potential candidates for early retirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TransitionZero noted that without early retirement, the Philippines\u2019 coal fleet is projected to retire between 2047 and 2051. Lotilla has said the government needs up to USD 500 billion<\/a> of investments to retrofit or phase out fossil fuel plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Philippines needs a clear phase-out plan, which details contract terms, land ownership, and early retirement options, stressed Ember\u2019s Setyawati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She added the country should reduce its reliance on gas as it risks becoming import-dependent if it continues to ramp up investments in liquefied natural gas, which she called an \u201cexpensive option\u201d. Strengthening grid capacity and inter-island connections should also be a focus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cabe acknowledged their call for a coal-free Bataan will go on for a long time as the coal plants in the province are relatively new.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re not giving up, even if shutting down coal plants seems wishful. But we definitely want the transition to cleaner energy,\u201d Cabe said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur call remains for a transition that does away with coal and other fossil fuels. Because when will transition happen if you keep building new ones?\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The government has ambitious plans for renewable energy but coal power is still on the rise<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000936,"featured_media":60065079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[520,17073,50040749,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040715],"class_list":["post-60065051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-coal","tag-energy-transition","tag-livelihoods","tag-renewables","country-philippines"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPhilippines struggles to break free from coal despite renewables pledge | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The government has ambitious plans for renewable energy but coal power is still on the rise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/philippines-struggles-end-coal-despite-renewables-pledge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Philippines struggles to break free from coal despite renewables pledge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The government has ambitious plans for renewable energy but coal power is still on the rise\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/philippines-struggles-end-coal-despite-renewables-pledge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-16T16:27:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-18T07:54:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Wind-Farm-and-Solar-Power-Plant-In-Ilocos-Norte_Veejay-Villafranca_Greenpeace_GP0STPOGV-1200px-copy.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"G. 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