{"id":60067137,"date":"2025-01-02T14:23:35","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T14:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60067137"},"modified":"2025-01-21T09:48:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T09:48:56","slug":"tropical-island-nations-face-a-land-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/tropical-island-nations-face-a-land-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Tropical island nations face a land crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Luxurious resorts, pristine beaches and lush forests define the popular image of tropical islands. But behind this idyllic facade, a quiet land crisis is unfolding, compounding the threat posed by rising sea levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Land degradation \u2013 a phenomenon most associated with dry regions of Africa and Central Asia \u2013 is also occurring in tropical island nations. When land degrades, soil loses its productivity, biodiversity and overall health, which can lead to food shortages and forced migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Small Island Developing States (Sids) is a UN-recognised group comprising 39 states and 18 associate members. Sids are \u201camong the most vulnerable countries to land degradation due to their physical nature, small size and escarped landscapes,\u201d according to a 2020 UN report<\/a>. The issue is also reaching critical levels<\/a> among larger island nations, such as Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Island nations \u201chave to balance the provision of food and all the other services that come from nature\u201d, Barron Orr, chief scientist of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), tells Dialogue Earth. \u201cEnsuring that there is integrity of the land and the soil is key.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drivers of the crisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At the recent UNCCD COP16 in Riyadh<\/a>, Saudi Arabia, the convention\u2019s executive secretary, Ibrahim Thiaw, warned that \u201cevery second, somewhere in the world, we lose an equivalent of four football fields to land degradation.\u201d For island nations with limited landmass, the impact can be more pronounced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eric Browne, the UNCCD\u2019s focal point in Saint Kitts and Nevis, tells Dialogue Earth: \u201cIf we have a drought, it\u2019s the whole island that is affected. If we have a flood, we can\u2019t run away.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Philippines, nearly half the country\u2019s land \u2013 14.26 million<\/a> hectares \u2013 was degraded in 2019, according to the UNCCD. Halfway across the globe in the Dominican Republic, more than one third<\/a> of the land \u2013 1.49 million hectares \u2013 was similarly affected that year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIslands are usually pictured as paradise,\u201d says Estrella Penunia, secretary general of the Asian Farmers\u2019 Association for Sustainable Rural Development. But Penunia, who is based in Manila, says in her country \u201cdecades of neglect over agriculture, and the exploitation of natural resources, are now threatening our lands and soils.\u201d Human activities such as unsustainable logging and mining cause the problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate change further compounds the issue, disrupting once-reliable alternations between dry and wet seasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe distribution and the amount of rainfall have changed,\u201d says Chay Asdak, a professor of the management of watersheds at Universitas Padjadjaran in Indonesia. In some areas rainfall has increased, while in others it has diminished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The misuse of synthetic fertilisers also plays a role, says Orr. \u201cThe good news of fertilisers is you give immediate food to your plants and they grow. The bad news is, by short-circuiting all of that natural biology, you lose many other factors that are important for healthy soils.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Synthetic fertilisers also reduce the land\u2019s ability to absorb flood waters, because the organic matter that is necessary for soil to hold water is lost. \u201cIf it happens to an island developing state, that can be very serious,\u201d he continues. \u201cIt can really impact how well that system responds to drought and to flooding.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Threats of desertification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Desertification is land degradation in dry areas. Surprisingly, it is a threat to tropical islands that have mountainous terrain, due to a scientific concept called the \u201corographic effect<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The phenomenon occurs when wind blowing from the sea to an island is forced to rise over a mountain. As the wind climbs the slope, it cools and forms clouds, leading to rainfall on the sea-facing side of the mountain. But the opposite side gets little rain as the wind descends and warms up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou end up with a very dry environment on the other side of these mountains,\u201d Orr explains. \u201cIf we have degradation in those dry areas, now we are facing the risk of desertification.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the mountainous parts of Indonesia, orographic rainfall can also trigger landslides on slopes and flooding in low-lying areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Asdak, deteriorating soil and rising urbanisation is making it harder for rainwater to seep through the ground in wet seasons, which increases the chances of seasonal drought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Trinidad and Tobago, the situation is similar. Poor farming practices and quarrying are the leading causes of land degradation there. As climate change brings more intense and shorter periods of rain in the wet season, land degradation leads to faster water flows, which overwhelm the island\u2019s small river systems and make the soil more vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dry season, on the other hand, is also becoming longer and more intense. According to David Persaud, an environmental manager at the Ministry of Planning and Development of Trinidad and Tobago, this is straining water supplies and forcing reliance on seawater desalination. His country experienced \u201cthe worst<\/a> drought in recent memory\u201d this year, forcing the government to ration water for months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIncreasing demand and competition for land uses as the population grows, such as for housing, agriculture and other development areas, compounds these challenges,\u201d Persaud tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Actions needed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Addressing these challenges requires \u201cfinancing and capacity building,\u201d says Browne of Saint Kitts and Nevis. He works as a forestry officer in the country\u2019s Ministry of Environment, Climate Action and Constituency Empowerment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Browne says providing people with the knowledge to look after their soil and deal with land degradation and drought is vital. \u201cHow is my soil doing? What crops are most suited for us in dealing with drought? We need research on these,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If we don\u2019t plant thirsty crops, we have more water available. And if we put the biology back in our soil, so we have organic matter, we increase more crop per drop<\/blockquote>Barron Orr, chief scientist of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Better land-management practices can make \u201ca big difference\u201d for small island nations, Orr explains. \u201cIf we don\u2019t plant thirsty crops, we have more water available. And if we put the biology back in our soil, so we have organic matter, we increase more crop per drop.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another priority is to improve the global dataset for monitoring and assessing land degradation in small island nations. This is something these countries have underscored repeatedly. The lack of data also makes it hard for the global audience to \u201cquantify and visualise\u201d the intensity of land degradation and drought in these countries, says Praveena Sridhar, chief technical officer of the Save Soil<\/a> movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the past few years, the UNCCD has supported Small Island Developing States by helping them to access high-resolution imagery and data. This can better prepare them for the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The effort is part of a programme to help them achieve \u201cland degradation neutrality\u201d by 2030 \u2013 a target of the UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goals. But for many islanders, including Browne, more help is needed because the situation on the ground is getting \u201cvery serious\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The good news is, action is being taken. During COP16 in Riyadh, nearly 200 countries reached an agreement. They requested<\/a> the UNCCD and the Global Mechanism \u2013 which facilitates the mobilisation of financial resources \u2013 to work with their partners to ensure the accuracy and consistency of high-resolution land data. This applies especially to Sids and other developing countries confronting this growing crisis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the Philippines to Saint Kitts and Nevis, tropical islands are grappling with degradation, drought and desertification<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3988,"featured_media":60067210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902,50039901],"tags":[519,532,50040317,50040749],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040717,50040715,50041227,50003615],"class_list":["post-60067137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","category-ocean","tag-climate-impacts","tag-desertification","tag-farming","tag-livelihoods","country-indonesia","country-philippines","country-trinidad-and-tobago","country-world-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTropical island nations face a land crisis | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From the Philippines to Saint Kitts and Nevis, tropical islands are grappling with 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