{"id":60069250,"date":"2025-01-30T15:18:51","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T15:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60069250"},"modified":"2025-02-04T17:18:01","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T17:18:01","slug":"air-pollution-linked-deaths-show-industrial-challenges-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/air-pollution-linked-deaths-show-industrial-challenges-in-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Air pollution-linked deaths show industrial challenges in Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Municipalities located in regions with heavy industrial activity are recording some of Brazil\u2019s highest mortality rates linked to air pollution, data from a new government monitoring platform shows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several cities home to significant industrial activity in S\u00e3o Paulo, the country\u2019s most developed state, top the national rankings on <a href=\"https:\/\/app.powerbi.com\/view?r=eyJrIjoiNmRhODQwNzItNThlOS00ZmQ4LWJjZmItZDYxOTNhOTRmYmFhIiwidCI6IjlhNTU0YWQzLWI1MmItNDg2Mi1hMzZmLTg0ZDg5MWU1YzcwNSJ9\">Painel Vigiar<\/a>, launched by the federal government in 2024 to monitor pollution and its impacts in the country. For example, S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul, located in the ABC Paulista industrial region south of the state capital, recorded 320 deaths directly attributable to air pollution per 100,000 inhabitants between 2021 and 2023, while the Brazilian average for the period was 83 per 100,000 inhabitants. Other cities with notably high rates include Osasco, Guarulhos and the capital S\u00e3o Paulo itself, which are also among the most polluted cities in the country, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iqair.com\/world-most-polluted-cities?continent=59af929e3e70001c1bd78e50&amp;country=S6WZCqRunkTTJ8NGj&amp;state=&amp;sort=-rank&amp;page=1&amp;perPage=50&amp;cities=\">World Air Quality<\/a> platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Brazil, the <a href=\"https:\/\/plataforma.seeg.eco.br\/?highlight=br-emissions-by-sector-energy&amp;_gl=1*ro2hxw*_ga*MjAwODU3ODI1OS4xNzI2OTMwNjQw*_ga_XZWSWEJDWQ*MTcyNjkzMDYzOS4xLjAuMTcyNjkzMDYzOS4wLjAuMA..\">biggest emitters<\/a> of greenhouse gases are agricultural activities and changes in land use, which include forest fires related to deforestation in the Amazon, together accounting for almost 80% of domestic emissions. However, data from the Painel Vigiar underscores the greater impact on human health generated by the pollution from industries. Other factors such as emissions from transport systems could also influence the result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI would say that both types of pollution [from fires and industries] are bad, but industrialised and transport pollution have a long-term effect, it\u2019s continuous,\u201d said Ethel Maciel, secretary of health surveillance and environment at the Ministry of Health, who was responsible for launching the panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The platform counts deaths associated with air pollution, including cases of lung cancer, lung diseases that affect the circulatory and respiratory systems, as well as infections of the lower airways. Among other factors, these conditions are related to exposure to fine particulate matter known as PM2.5, released by vehicles, industrial processes, forest fires and other human activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src='https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/20718544\/embed' title='Interactive or visual content' class='flourish-embed-iframe' frameborder='0' scrolling='no' style='width:100%;height:80vh;' sandbox='allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation'><\/iframe><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Note: Municipalities with high industrial activity were identified based on official data on the industry\u2019s contribution to the municipality\u2019s gross value added, as well as the ranking of the 100 largest municipalities by gross value added in industry.<br> Data source:\u00a0<a href=\u201dhttps:\/\/app.powerbi.com\/view?r=eyJrIjoiNmRhODQwNzItNThlOS00ZmQ4LWJjZmItZDYxOTNhOTRmYmFhIiwidCI6IjlhNTU0YWQzLWI1MmItNDg2Mi1hMzZmLTg0ZDg5MWU1YzcwNSJ9\u201d>Painel Vigiar<\/a>, <a href=\u201dhttps:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/apps\/pibmunic\/#\/mapa\/\u201d>IBGE<\/a>\u00a0\u2022 Graphic: Dialogue Earth<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Until last year, Brazil did not have a policy to tackle the problem. After 35 years of debate, the country finally instituted the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato2023-2026\/2024\/lei\/L14850.htm\">National Air Quality Policy<\/a> in May, which includes initiatives such as the launch of the panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMonitoring allows for the creation of public policies,\u201d said Maciel, highlighting as an example the city of Paris, which adopts measures such as restricting the circulation of vehicles when pollution levels reach critical levels. \u201cAll of this [must be] debated with society and implemented through laws,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-pollution-deaths-and-the-task-of-decarbonisation\">Pollution deaths and the task of decarbonisation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanplh\/article\/PIIS2542-5196(22)00090-0\/fulltext\">study<\/a> published in the Lancet showed that air pollution was responsible for 6.7 million deaths worldwide in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paulo Saldiva, a professor at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019s Faculty of Medicine and a specialist in atmospheric pollution, explains that prolonged exposure to pollution can cause severe damage to health. He describes particles accumulating in the body acting like a \u201clung tattoo\u201d, spreading through the tissues and triggering chronic inflammation. \u201cThis makes our biological time run faster,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though the industrial sector has made progress in reducing its emissions, contamination is still high. The cement, steel, glass, chemical, aluminium, paper and cellulose industries are finding it more difficult as they need to use high temperatures in industrial processes, requiring greater energy use that results in higher emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere are sectors that have already invested a lot in decarbonisation, such as cement, and others that still need to evolve,\u201d said Davi Bomtempo, executive manager for the environment at the National Confederation of Industry (CNI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/revistas.unifoa.edu.br\/cadernos\/article\/view\/497\">study<\/a> by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, published in 2017, revealed that air pollution in Volta Redonda \u2013 the city that is home to steel giant Companhia Sider\u00fargica Nacional (CSN), part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.globo.com\/valor-1000\/noticia\/2022\/09\/05\/csn-fica-em-primeiro-no-ranking-do-setor-de-metalurgia-e-siderurgia-do-valor-1000.ghtml?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">largest industrial sector<\/a> in the country \u2013 exceeds the limits of Brazilian legislation. The rates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibama.gov.br\/sophia\/cnia\/legislacao\/MMA\/RE0003-280690.PDF\">were established<\/a> in 1990 by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA), which is responsible for standardising environmental policy in Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The author of the study, environmental engineer N\u00e1thaly Tonon, said that seven years after its publication, there has been no significant progress in Volta Redonda. In fact, she said, \u201cA resurgence in air quality issues is visible, since pollution has now reached more distant neighbourhoods.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Tonon, CSN had until September 2024 to comply with a conduct adjustment agreement with the state government that required it to modernise its equipment to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the measures were only partially complied with, leading the authorities to extend the deadline to 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tonon emphasises that industrial pollutants cause as many impacts on health as they do on the environment. Health conditions include those monitored by the Painel Vigiar, such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, among others. In terms of environmental impacts, air pollution is associated with acid rain, damage to biodiversity and the intensification of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The environmental engineer also described air pollution as creating urban heat islands, as well as affecting wind circulation and local rainfall patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/sky-over-Sao-Paulo_Alamy_2Y2DMN2-scaled.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/sky-over-Sao-Paulo_Alamy_2Y2DMN2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/sky-over-Sao-Paulo_Alamy_2Y2DMN2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/sky-over-Sao-Paulo_Alamy_2Y2DMN2-scaled.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"Sao Paulo skyline\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">In September 2024, the city of S\u00e3o Paulo was covered by a black smoke from forest fires, a major source of carbon emissions in Brazil. The country\u2019s largest city also records one of the highest rates of pollution-related deaths (Image: Paulo Lopes \/ ZUMA Press \/ Alamy)\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/sky-over-Sao-Paulo_Alamy_2Y2DMN2-scaled.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"624 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-efficiency-reduces-pollution\">Efficiency reduces pollution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Venilton Tadini, president of the Brazilian Association of Infrastructure and Basic Industries, told Dialogue Earth that in order to reduce industrial pollution, it is essential to increase the sector\u2019s efficiency \u2013a challenge for which manufacturers are increasingly eyeing solutions in digital innovation and artificial intelligence. However, this can have a side effect: increased demand for electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe more you increase the automation capacity and efficiency of your industry, the greater the energy consumption by the servers,\u201d explains Tadini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He explained that it is possible to improve the efficiency of a steel mill by adopting new furnaces or modernising the rolling mill structure, for example. However, these changes also demand more energy from data processing centres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Driven by the artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency sectors, the global energy demand of data centres could double by 2026, according to a 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/18f3ed24-4b26-4c83-a3d2-8a1be51c8cc8\/Electricity2024-Analysisandforecastto2026.pdf\">report<\/a> by the International Energy Agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bomtempo, from CNI, emphasises that in order to meet such an increase in demand for electricity, Brazil needs to plan the expansion of its installed capacity, avoiding the use of thermal power plants that rely on fossil sources to generate energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most data servers are currently located in the United States and Europe. This means that for Brazilian industries to become greener, they also need to consider the energy consumption of these international servers, which is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/buildings\/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks\">usually provided<\/a> by fossil sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-industrial-logistics-also-pollutes\">Industrial logistics also pollutes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Logistics around both industrial parks and freight transport bring other challenges to the sector. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf\">report <\/a>with 2019 data from the World Economic Forum highlighted that Brazil ranks 85th out of 141 countries in terms of the overall quality of its transport infrastructure. This position reflects its difficulties in modernising logistics, which compromises its efforts to reduce the sector\u2019s carbon footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnt.org.br\/agencia-cnt\/pesquisa-cnt-de-rodovias-2023-refora-a-importancia-de-maior-investimento-na-malha-rodoviria\">65% of freight transport<\/a> in Brazil is carried out by road, and the majority of trucks <a href=\"https:\/\/climatetrackerlatam.org\/historias\/logistica-o-gargalo-fossil-brasileiro\/\">run on<\/a> fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"60065674\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>The Brazilian government is trying to reduce transport emissions through the Fuel for the Future Law, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.camara.leg.br\/noticias\/1101627-entra-em-vigor-a-lei-do-combustivel-do-futuro\/\">came into force<\/a> in October 2024. It aims to <a href=\"https:\/\/g1.globo.com\/politica\/noticia\/2024\/10\/08\/lula-sanciona-lei-do-combustivel-do-futuro-que-aumenta-limites-para-mistura-do-biodiesel-a-partir-de-2025.ghtml\">increase<\/a> the percentage of biodiesel \u2013 derived from vegetable oils \u2013 included in diesel oils to 20% by 2030; this mandatory mixing is set at 15% for 2025. Meanwhile, Brazil is struggling to expand its <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/54065-brazil-railway-expansion-plans-pressure-on-amazon\/\">railway network<\/a>, which is predominantly used to transport iron ore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Expert Jo\u00e3o Victor Marques, from the FGV Energia research centre, believes that the law is an important step towards reducing the country\u2019s emissions: \u201cWe haven&#8217;t had such an ambitious policy for the biofuels market for a long time. There are undoubtedly improvements in the inclusion of new green alternatives. Overall, I see it as a positive policy for reducing emissions in the Brazilian transport matrix.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1989, CONAMA set up a programme to control air quality in Brazil. The plan provided for the creation of air pollution monitoring network, with equipment for measurements, as well as strategies for dealing with critical episodes. But monitoring still does not cover the whole of the country. The state of Rio de Janeiro has more than 120 <a href=\"https:\/\/energiaeambiente.org.br\/qualidadedoar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/mapa_IEMA_2023_1440x1080_final_Portugues.jpg\">stations<\/a>, the highest in the country, followed by S\u00e3o Paulo, with almost 80 points. However, in Brazil\u2019s northern region, which is home to the Amazon biome, there are no such stations at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIn the north of Brazil and in some other states, there is no official monitoring, only what we call low-cost monitoring,\u201d said Helen Sousa, a researcher at the Institute for Energy and Environment (IEMA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another major problem is that air quality is not properly assessed or considered during the licensing process for new industries, Sousa added: \u201cIt\u2019s often not taken into account that the area may already be saturated with high concentrations of pollutants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the broader level, Brazil\u2019s emissions and plans for decarbonisation are likely to attract global attention this year with the country set to host the United Nations\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/hopes-and-doubts-as-an-amazon-city-prepares-to-host-cop30\/\">COP30 climate summit<\/a> in the northern city of Bel\u00e9m. Brazil is among the first to have submitted its updated nationally determined contribution \u2013 its plan detailing its commitments and targets to 2035 as part of the Paris Agreement \u2013 though this has been met with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theclimategroup.org\/our-work\/press\/cop29-climate-group-responds-brazils-ndc-announcement\">mixed reception<\/a> by environmentalists, who have raised concerns over its level of ambition and the country\u2019s plans to increase oil and gas production.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heavy industry is linked to higher mortality rates in the regions where it is concentrated, highlighting a need for increased monitoring and actions to reduce emissions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000701,"featured_media":60069263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[14274,551,20000325],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021],"class_list":["post-60069250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-air-pollution","tag-health","tag-industry","country-brazil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Air pollution-linked deaths show industrial challenges in Brazil | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Heavy industry is linked to higher mortality rates in the regions where it is concentrated, highlighting a need for increased monitoring and actions to reduce emissions\" \/>\n<meta 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