{"id":60071629,"date":"2025-02-27T17:12:07","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T17:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60071629"},"modified":"2025-03-11T09:46:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T09:46:17","slug":"life-after-kenyas-floods-of-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/life-after-kenyas-floods-of-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Life after Kenya\u2019s floods of 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the shadow of the Nairobi skyline, the sprawling, informal settlement of Mathare bears the scars of nature\u2019s fury colliding with vulnerable humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The March-to-May rainy season of 2024 brought torrential downpours that devastated this community along the Mathare River, claiming lives and property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 24 April, floods swept through the Kenyan capital\u2019s second-largest slum. A month later, the humanitarian organisation Save the Children reported more than 7,000<\/a> people had been displaced in Mathare alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When Dialogue Earth visited in October, residents were still struggling to come to terms with a scale of destruction that had gained global attention<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doreen Achieng feels lucky to be alive. From her new, one-room house of corrugated sheets, the mother of four recalls how water seeped into her previous home overnight. Accustomed to occasional flooding, she mopped it up. But on that night, the water kept rising \u2013 to about three metres. \u201cWe were stuck in the water, but the men came to our rescue,\u201d Achieng explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the children were safe, Achieng realised everything she owned had been swept away. Her old makeshift house, perched precariously on the river bank, was lost. At least 15<\/a> of her neighbours had been killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her livelihood was swept away, too: \u201cI was a food vendor, and my customers came from the area that has now been demolished. It\u2019s no longer viable to run my business there, and this has made it difficult to pay my children\u2019s school fees and cover the rent.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Informal settlements hit hardest<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The March-to-May floods led to 294 fatalities in Kenya, according to the 2024 Kenya Red Cross flood operations report<\/a>. The floods also displaced approximately 55,000 households, killed 11,000 heads of livestock and damaged 65,000 acres of cropland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nairobi county was hit the hardest by flooding, the report found. Informal settlements, such as Mathare, Kibera and Mukuru, bore the brunt of the damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edward Okoth was one of the flood victims who took temporary shelter in a displacement camp, set up inside a primary school in Mathare. Victims were also temporarily sheltered in community halls and churches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLife was very difficult\u201d he recalls. \u201cThe food was not enough for all of us … we were literally fighting for food.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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An area of the Mathare informal settlement that was badly impacted by last year\u2019s flooding and where houses have since been demolished (Image: Jacinta Mutura)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The floods, worsened<\/a> by the El Ni\u00f1o weather phenomenon, demonstrate the vulnerability of African countries \u2013 and their poorer communities in particular \u2013 to extreme weather events. For example, the cheapest places to rent in Mathare were on the edge of the river bank, where the flood risk is most pronounced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a<\/span>
\n

El Ni\u00f1o is a climate pattern in which the surface water of the east-central tropical Pacific Ocean warms to significantly above the average. This affects rainfall patterns and weather across the world, raising temperatures globally for its duration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Ni\u00f1o is part of a phenomenon called the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (Enso). El Ni\u00f1o events do not occur on a regular schedule, but on average appear every two to seven years. The opposite, cooler phase is called La Ni\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During La Ni\u00f1a, cooler-than-average sea temperatures are experienced in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Like El Ni\u00f1o, it affects patterns of rainfall and atmospheric pressure worldwide.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The growth of Kenya\u2019s informal settlements is exposing ever-larger numbers of people to floods and heatwaves (which are made worse by climate change), due to high-density housing and poor drainage. That is according to last year\u2019s \u201cClimate change impacts in Kenya\u201d report<\/a>, which was led by the Kenya Meteorological Department.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As recently as 2022, the country experienced a prolonged drought that led to food insecurity and economic hardship for many. Periods of intense rainfall followed in 2023 and 2024.

Sharon Dimanche, chief of mission for the International Organization for Migration in Kenya, tells Dialogue Earth that migration and displacement in the country and the wider Horn of Africa has been rising due to droughts, floods and conflicts. She says the number of displaced people in the East and Horn of Africa stood at about 18.4 million in May 2024, and had risen to more than 20 million by September 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cClimate change is becoming a big challenge, leading to massive displacement of people,\u201d says Dimanche. \u201cAnd as people get displaced within the region, Kenya is a recipient of those migrants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She notes the International Organization for Migration is working with the Kenyan government and other partners to protect those displaced as a result of the climate crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Women and children disproportionately affected<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Women and children were impacted disproportionately by the March-to-May floods. According to a report by Unicef<\/a>, the risks were particularly severe for breast-feeding mothers, pregnant women and infants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMost of the risks existed prior to the floods, and the emergency exacerbated the underlying vulnerabilities,\u201d states the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

These findings were backed up by another report<\/a>, published in June 2024 by Save the Children. Predominantly surveying six Nairobi sub-counties (Mathare, Ruaraka, Starehe, Kibra, Embakasi South and Makadara), it reported 31% of the children in these areas to be suffering from neglect, and 29% were not attending school. Conducted after Nairobi county\u2019s floods, the report sought to provide an update of the area\u2019s prevailing conditions in the immediate aftermath.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As part of its response, Save the Children provided mental health support and menstrual health supplies for 533 children affected by floods in the counties of Nairobi, Garissa, Wajir and Turkana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou can imagine the kind of negative experiences the children had watching their houses and household items being swept away and being left with nothing. Then having to spend nights \u2013 cold nights \u2013 without any shelter,\u201d says Irene Wali, a child protection specialist at Save The Children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Wali, child labour in those communities also grew as families tried to survive. Most children did not go back to school for the final term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the aftermath of these floods, the people of Mathare are not just dealing with physical and economic losses, but emotional scars, too. Battling for daily survival, many do not have the luxury of time or space to grieve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demolitions pile on the agony<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before residents could even begin to come to terms with their losses, the government told those living near rivers and other flood-prone areas to relocate. Those who remained after the deadline were forcibly removed. Many homes were bulldozed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It dealt a blow to the hopes of many, who wanted to rebuild their lives and erect new homes along the Mathare\u2019s banks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe were again left stranded with nowhere else to go,\u201d says Okoth. \u201cThe structures were demolished and we were warned not to rebuild along the river.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The residents are now counting on a high court decision<\/a> made in November. It ordered the national government to compensate residents of Mathare, Gwa Kairu, Mukuru Kwa Ruben and Kiamaiko for their forced eviction and the demolition of their homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides displacing the residents, the bulldozers also introduced sanitation woes as toilets and the sewer line were destroyed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople are now going back to \u2018flying toilets\u2019 [plastic bags] or open defection, in areas where there are no toilets. The sanitary pads are being disposed of in the river,\u201d says Susan Akinyi, a young person from Mathare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hope for the future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite the demolitions, survivors have displayed resilience by transforming the river banks. Where their homes once stood, there are now flourishing vegetable gardens, which provide essential nourishment and income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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\"two<\/div>
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Young people from Mathare prepare a cleared area of riparian land for planting. The victims of the floods and demolitions have taken it upon themselves to transform these spaces into flourishing vegetable gardens (Images: Jacinta Mutura)<\/div><\/figcaption><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In addition to their farming efforts, some of those affected by the demolitions are relying on a daily payment<\/a> of KES 500<\/a> (USD 3.8) from the government\u2019s ClimateWorX<\/a> initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This government initiative is focused on rehabilitating urban river ecosystems while creating job opportunities for young Kenyans. It involves removing waste, rehabilitating degraded riverbanks and planting trees along the waterways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kipchumba Murkomen, the Ministry of Interior and National Administration\u2019s cabinet secretary, recently announced<\/a> an expansion of the project. The workforce will rise from 20,000 people to 50,000, to provide more jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The survivors that Dialogue Earth spoke to expressed the need for long-term support. Not just aid, but sustainable solutions, such as better infrastructure, flood defences and social programmes that could reduce their vulnerability in future disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth consulted Easter Okech, executive director and programmes coordinator for the Kenya Female Advisory Organization. The group works to eradicate gender disparities in the areas of education, health and work. She blames the government for being unprepared for such calamities: \u201cThere is supposed to be a budgetary allocation and contingency plans, such as emergency shelters and other things, but instead they are constantly caught off-guard.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also calls for communities to be more involved in the planning of urban development, especially those living in informal settlements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This flood\u2019s scars will never fully fade. But many in Mathare believe that, with continued support, education and improved infrastructure, they can emerge stronger and better prepared for future challenges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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A man retrieves belongings from a flooded river in the Mathare slums in Nairobi, Kenya, on April 30, 2024. Heavy rains pounding several parts of Kenya and devastating flash floods have left 169 people dead, a government official said. 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