{"id":60082165,"date":"2025-05-16T16:09:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T15:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60082165"},"modified":"2025-05-22T16:13:25","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T15:13:25","slug":"pakistans-new-climate-minister-on-water-justice-and-a-warming-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/pakistans-new-climate-minister-on-water-justice-and-a-warming-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Pakistan\u2019s new climate minister on water, justice and a warming world"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In sweltering Karachi, as tensions with India simmer over the Indus Waters Treaty, Musadik Masood Malik sips an Americano. Recently appointed as Pakistan\u2019s federal minister for climate change and environmental coordination, Malik left his previous post overseeing the Ministry for Water Resources and Petroleum to take on what he describes as an urgent and daunting role. In one of his first interviews since the March 2025 reshuffle, he speaks exclusively to Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malik leans forward to list what he sees as Pakistan\u2019s most pressing environmental threats: \u201cAir pollution and its economic toll on the people of Pakistan. Water pollution and access. And solid waste [management], whether methane or carbon dioxide. These are the three major challenges we face,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But it\u2019s Pakistan\u2019s melting glaciers that concern him most. Before arriving in Karachi, one of senator Malik\u2019s first official visits<\/a> was to Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan\u2019s northernmost region and home to some of the world\u2019s largest glacial reserves outside the polar zones. He was there to see the initiatives taking place under a United Nations project<\/a> which aims to reduce the risk of glacial lake outburst flooding (GLOF). The numbers, he says, speak for themselves: Pakistan is home to more than 13,000 glaciers,<\/a> putting it on the frontlines of a warming world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs the population has increased, communities no longer live where their forefathers used to live. What if they\u2019re in the path of these hazards?\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some 2,000 km from Gilgit-Baltistan, the minister faces an entirely different set of climate challenges in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city and financial powerhouse. Chief among them is bridging the political gaps between the federation and the provinces, as well as navigating competing interprovincial interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A \u2018theatre of disaster\u2019?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite diplomatic pressure from India to block financial assistance, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) this month approved a new loan for Pakistan. In a statement, the IMF confirmed it had accepted the Pakistani government\u2019s request<\/a> for an arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), unlocking USD 1.4 billion<\/a> to help the country respond to climate-related challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the funding represents a significant boost, Malik remains sceptical. \u201cWe still haven\u2019t gotten over a lot of what happened during the 2022 floods. Commitments are made and they are not fulfilled,\u201d he says. \u201cPledges were made for the Loss and Damage Fund<\/a>, but was money put in that fund? Look at the quantum of commitments and then look at the drawdown, and the actual funding<\/a> that has come about.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Musadik Masood Malik in his office at the Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination in Islamabad, Pakistan (Image: Press Information Department, Government of Pakistan)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

He questions the entire global response mechanism: \u201cIs it just the theatre of disaster, where we all get together and speak fantastic English and make great speeches?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recently, Pakistan urged<\/a> relevant parties to expedite disbursements from the Loss and Damage Fund, as it continues to bear the brunt of extreme weather events and slow-onset climate impacts. \u201cI don\u2019t feel cynical,\u201d says Malik. \u201cWhat I\u2019m doing right now is lobbying. And not just lobbying for Pakistan \u2013 though that is my first and foremost duty and responsibility. But I\u2019m lobbying for the vulnerable; I\u2019m lobbying for climate justice.\u201d

The minister has been vocal at recent international forums, rallying for climate justice and the rights of developing countries, including at the Geneva climate summit<\/a>, calling out what he sees as inequities in the global climate finance architecture. He criticises the disproportionate benefits going to a handful of countries. \u201cWhat about the rest of the world?\u201d he adds. \u201cWhat about Pakistan?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water tensions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Domestically, one of the most heated environmental debates involves the controversial six canals project<\/a>, in the Cholistan desert<\/a> in southern Punjab. Water is a deeply political issue in Pakistan, where provinces have long contested their share of the Indus River system<\/a>, which sustains the country\u2019s agriculture-dependent economy. In this context, the six canals project, seen by some as a plan that would potentially reduce the water flow toward downstream Sindh province, has triggered fierce opposition. Sindh has expressed fears<\/a> of reduced flows and decried a lack of consultation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Malik defends the idea as potentially beneficial, but stresses that trust and transparency between provinces are key. \u201cThe possible solution to protect the water rights for each province is to ensure a water telemetry system<\/a> [to monitor usage] at every interdimensional junction, so that every drop of water that flows is accounted for,\u201d he says. Once that system is in place, he adds, provinces can be assured they are receiving their fair share of water \u201cthrough science and technology<\/a> and not through human intervention\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, public protests and rising interprovincial tensions have led authorities to pause the project until consensus is reached. \u201cWe don\u2019t want to do anything without the consent of provinces, and provinces should be consulted<\/a>,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malik reiterates his commitment to transparency and accountability in water governance moving forward. \u201cThere will be no unilateralism,\u201d he says, adding that a robust telemetry system will ensure real-time water monitoring and equitable distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If this treaty has no value, then no treaty in the world has value<\/blockquote>Musadik Masood Malik <\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The federal minister also stresses the importance of water productivity, an idea he believes is not given enough attention in Pakistan. \u201cA 3% improvement in water-use productivity for agriculture produces the same yield as 3 million acre-feet of flood irrigation,\u201d he says. In other words: more crop per drop. The focus, he argues, should shift from expanding irrigation infrastructure to using existing water more efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When asked about the political flashpoint surrounding dam-building<\/a> in Pakistan, Malik responds with a grin and a pun: \u201cI\u2019m not going to name the dam because I\u2019d be damned if I did.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Despite a recently announced ceasefire following renewed tensions and conflict between India and Pakistan, the future of the Indus Waters Treaty remains precarious<\/a>. Following the Pahalgam attack<\/a> in Indian-administered Kashmir, India announced a unilateral suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty  \u2013 a move Pakistan has strongly rebuked. \u201cIf there is a disagreement, the first step is bilateral discussion<\/a> among the Indus commissioners. If that doesn\u2019t work, there are secondary mechanisms \u2013 neutral technical experts can be consulted,\u201d he notes. \u201cThe last resort is the court of arbitration. And this has been working in this treaty. And if this treaty has no value, then no treaty in the world has value.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malik claims India has violated the treaty multiple times. \u201cIt is one of the binding conditions of the treaty that commissioners have to meet periodically. India has already violated this. They also do not share enough information or data that helps ascertain the water flow in this bilateral system,\u201d he says. He adds that India\u2019s calls to renegotiate<\/a> the treaty\u2019s terms predate the attack in Pahalgam. \u201cThis raises suspicions \u2013 was Pahalgam used as an excuse to violate the treaty?\u201d he asks.

From regional tensions to global inaction, Malik circles back to the human cost of climate change \u2013 particularly for Pakistan\u2019s most vulnerable. \u201cWe lose [access to] schools and health centres. Our girls and our women get affected disproportionately<\/a> by these devastations,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then, in a quieter moment, the minister reflects on a more innocent past. \u201cWhen I was growing up, we would catch fireflies in our garden, put them in bottles and take them in dark rooms, but then we\u2019d come out in the garden and let them loose, lest they die. We\u2019d chase butterflies in the evenings. Where are the butterflies and fireflies? Who\u2019s chasing them? Where are the green parrots and the bulbuls? Have you seen them recently?\u201d He does not expect an answer.

For Malik, the aesthetic and cultural loss, triggered by a warming world, is just as profound as the physical damage. The minister laments the loss of poetry and folk songs that once paid homage to Pakistan\u2019s natural world. \u201cFloods and climate-induced disasters do not only cause material losses,\u201d he says. \u201cThey also rob us of our culture.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In one of his first interviews as climate minister, Musadik Malik talks glaciers, water politics and the disappearing beauty of a changing world<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000074,"featured_media":60082188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,50039903],"tags":[519,13887,50041595,20000054],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111,20000112],"class_list":["post-60082165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-water","tag-climate-impacts","tag-conflict","tag-global-heating","tag-indus","country-india","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPakistan\u2019s new climate minister on water, justice and a warming world | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In one of his first interviews as climate minister, Musadik Malik talks glaciers, water politics and the 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She has edited reports on environmental issues like solid waste management, blue carbon, and water initiatives in South Asia.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/farahnaz-zahidi\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/farahnaz-zahidi\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60082165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20000074"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60082165"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60082165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60082253,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60082165\/revisions\/60082253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60082188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60082165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60082165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60082165"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=60082165"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=60082165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}