{"id":60084112,"date":"2025-06-03T18:06:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T17:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60084112"},"modified":"2025-06-11T14:29:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T13:29:01","slug":"brazils-civil-society-pledges-tested-as-cop30-climate-summit-approaches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/brazils-civil-society-pledges-tested-as-cop30-climate-summit-approaches\/","title":{"rendered":"Brazil\u2019s civil society pledges tested as COP30 climate summit approaches"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The COP30 climate summit is one of the most eagerly awaited<\/a> UN events in recent years. Both the conference\u2019s president, Andr\u00e9 Corr\u00eaa do Lago, and its executive director, Ana Toni, have repeatedly championed civil society during the build-up. Speaking earlier this year, Corr\u00eaa do Lago made a point of inviting<\/a> civil society to participate in the summit, which takes place in Brazil\u2019s Amazonian city of Bel\u00e9m in November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After decades of what many environmental activists regard as lethargy in the negotiation processes, Corr\u00eaa do Lago sees popular pressure as the answer to transforming the conservative positions of the parties involved. \u201cIf there isn\u2019t a great involvement of civil society, of the most varied actors, it\u2019s very difficult for governments to do their best,\u201d he said in an interview<\/a> with Amazonian journalism platform Suma\u00fama in March.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being at the COP and demonstrating is a right, not a gift given by the Lula government<\/blockquote>Savio Carvalho, head of regions for 350.org<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The contrast<\/a> with recent COPs is striking. For the past three years, they have been hosted by countries whose authoritarian regimes severely restrict the rights to freedom of expression and protest. According to observer organisations, the repression of activists<\/a> and human rights violations<\/a> limited the participation of social movements. Demonstrations typically held in a variety of public areas, such as those seen at COP26 in Scotland<\/a>, were typically restricted to spaces governed by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By contrast, the Brazilian government and the COP30 presidency have established a technical working group<\/a> specifically tasked with strengthening social participation in the summit. Another initiative designed to achieve this aim is the People\u2019s Circle, one of COP30\u2019s four Leadership Circles<\/a>. Its stated objective is to increase the presidency\u2019s \u201ccapacity to listen to the demands and contributions of Indigenous peoples, traditional peoples and communities, and Afro-descendants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is a UNFCCC COP?<\/span>
\n

This annual meeting brings together the 198 members of the UN climate convention to discuss global action on climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The acronyms stand for Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At climate COPs, country representatives discuss issues such as how to reduce the emissions that cause the planet to warm; adapting to the impacts of this warming; and financial support for developing countries to move away from fossil fuels, and become more resilient to climate change impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last COP, COP29, was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2024. COP30<\/a> will be held in Bel\u00e9m, Brazil, from 10-21 November 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read our guide to climate change terms<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Stela Herschmann, a climate policy expert for Brazilian civil society group the Climate Observatory (CO<\/a>), welcomes the country\u2019s willingness to engage in dialogue. But she also has misgivings about these circles and working groups: \u201cWe still don\u2019t know clearly how these initiatives will work in practice. And, in the end, they will inform the COP presidency, not the formal UNFCCC negotiating process.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For activists like Savio Carvalho, head of regions for the civil activism group 350.org, Brazil is doing no more than its duty. Although the level of restriction on social participation has varied throughout the history of the COPs, he believes that the experience of the past three years has cultivated romanticism regarding COP30. \u201cBeing at the COP and demonstrating is a right<\/em>, not a gift given by the Lula government,\u201d Carvalho tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The high costs of participation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beyond the expectation of greater social participation, the exorbitant price<\/a> of accommodation in Bel\u00e9m has also pushed COP30 into the headlines. Lack of beds<\/a> has inflated prices, which in at least one reported case have reached BRL 2 million (USD 354,000) to stay for the full two weeks of the event. Other logistical obstacles to reaching the city, such as the high cost of flights \u2013 even within Brazil \u2013 jeopardise access, and the inclusive sentiments expressed by COP30\u2019s organisers. According to 350.org, even organisations from the Amazon and Bel\u00e9m\u2019s state of Par\u00e1 have expressed financial and logistical difficulties in taking part in the conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In late March, the government\u2019s special secretary for COP30, Valter Correia da Silva, told Suma\u00fama that exploitative accommodation prices could be criminalised<\/a>. He stated his intention to establish reasonable rates among those offering accommodation, and to communicate the lasting damage that COP price-gouging could do to Bel\u00e9m\u2019s tourism economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"aerial<\/div>
A view of building works at Porto Futuro in Bel\u00e9m, Brazil. The exorbitant price of accommodation and flights to the city during COP30, as well as other logistical obstacles, jeopardise access to civil society (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Vendors<\/div>
Vendors sell a\u00e7a\u00ed at the Ver-o-Peso market, a famous tourist spot in Bel\u00e9m and the largest open-air market in Latin America. Brazilian authorities fear that the sudden surge in prices for the climate summit could have a lasting impact on the local economy (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The federal government\u2019s promises to centralise reservations and mitigate abusive practices have so far failed to materialise. \u201cTo this day, most of us don\u2019t know where we\u2019re going to stay,\u201d says Carvalho. He calls the contradiction between defending social participation and allowing values that make it unfeasible, a scandal. \u201cIs this how Brazil intends to welcome civil society?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This scenario has been exacerbated by the reduction in international funding for the climate agenda. The United States\u2019 suspension<\/a> of trillion-dollar aid funding for non-governmental organisations and social welfare programmes around the world has been particularly detrimental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Alisi Rabukawaqa-Nacewa, a Fijian activist and representative of 350.org\u2019s Pacific Climate Warriors network, the difficulty of accessing funding makes for a difficult choice: the cost of attending a COP from the Pacific Islands is always high, but climate inaction is even more expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen we manage to access funds, the question is: should we be physically at the COP, to make sure we\u2019re not forgotten, or should we invest in local actions with tangible results?\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attendance is no guarantee of results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In recent years, the COPs have grown dramatically. From less than 5,000 participants<\/a> at the first summits in the mid 1990s, attendance jumped to around 30,000 at COP21 in 2015, which produced the Paris Agreement. Nearly 84,000<\/a> attended COP28 in Dubai. For Herschmann, this trend is a healthy reaction to the worsening of the climate crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Without the right to vote, society can only monitor and try to influence the positions of the parties involved. Calls for these COPs to host lower<\/a> numbers have been growing, however, and reaching Bel\u00e9m does not guarantee COP30 participation. Access to the so-called Blue Zone, where the negotiations take place, is only given to non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations if they are registered with the UNFCCC as observers<\/a>. And the restrictions don\u2019t stop there: once inside the Blue Zone, access to the negotiating rooms and their speaking spaces is limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bureaucratic process<\/a> to become an observer ultimately excludes<\/a> many local organisations. \u201cEvery year, new organisations apply to become observers, and the waiting list can reach up to four years,\u201d says Herschmann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the same time, the number of oil industry lobbyists in attendance has exploded. At COP28, they numbered 2,450<\/a>, more than most national delegations. At COP29, in Baku, there were 1,773 industry representatives. But there were also more than 130<\/a> members of organisations promoting climate disinformation, according to a survey by Important Context, a project of US non-profit the Accountability Journalism Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"focused<\/div>
Civil society representatives attending parallel sessions at the Amazon Summit, in Bel\u00e9m, 2023. The conference brought together leaders and ministers from Amazonian countries, but frustrated observers with its lack of commitments to protect the rainforest (Image: Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto<\/a> \/ Flickr<\/a>, CC BY ND<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese are groups whose interests are at stake, in the most pejorative sense of the phrase,\u201d says Herschmann, conflicts of interest should be considered, especially when demand for accreditation outstrips supply. \u201cAfter all, that\u2019s where the cause of the problem and the delay in the solution come from.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pressure from the streets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Indigenous peoples of the Amazon have been demanding the co-presidency of the event for months. The demand was presented in February in a letter<\/a> to Corr\u00eaa do Lago from the Coordination of Indigenous Organisations of the Brazilian Amazon (Coiab). It was then given new impetus<\/a> in April during the Free Land Camp (ATL), the largest annual mobilisation of Brazil\u2019s Indigenous peoples, held in Brasilia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This Indigenous articulation prompted the creation<\/a> of the Alliance between the Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon, the Pacific and Australia, and the delivery of another open letter<\/a> to the COP30 president. Among its demands is the participation of their leaders in the climate negotiations, on an equal footing with heads of state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The response has come in the form of government initiatives. For example, the creation<\/a> of the International Indigenous Commission, which aims to increase representation at COP30 debates of the Indigenous peoples of Brazil and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth spoke to the activist and sociologist Sila Mesquita, who coordinates the Amazon Working Group Network, a union of more than 600 grassroots organisations advocating for a paradigm shift on Amazonian human development. Mesquita says government-led initiatives are not enough to ensure independent participation, or true representation of civil society interests: \u201cWe need to remember that civil society is civil society, and government is government.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Indigenous<\/div>
Joenia Wapichana (centre), Brazilian lawyer and former federal deputy, taking part in an Indigenous peoples\u2019 demonstration at COP28 in Dubai (Image: Estevam Rafael<\/a> \/ Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto<\/a>, CC BY ND<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mesquita is part of the People\u2019s Summit<\/a>, a parallel event to COP30 that will focus on climate justice. \u201cOur movement is a counterpoint to the official discourse of the COP and the government,\u201d says Eunice Guedes, coordinator of a social movement called the Articulation of Brazilian Women (AMB<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the People\u2019s Summit, more than 500 organisations<\/a> (national and international) have already confirmed attendance. It is expected to gather as many as 30,000<\/a> people at Bel\u00e9m\u2019s Federal University of Par\u00e1. Together they will confront issues including just energy transitions, zero-deforestation policies and corporate accountability for global heating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the discussions of the People\u2019s Summit, its organisers are pushing for more ambitious climate targets, and an end to the presence of fossil fuel lobbyists at the COPs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herschmann says civil society action in the Blue Zone will not be enough, considering the geopolitical context of wars, escalating economic tensions<\/a> and a growing distrust of multilateralism<\/a>. She says protests around the city will be crucial to moving the needle in negotiating rooms: \u201cThe pressure of the street has a much greater volume \u2013 of people and<\/em> decibels.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So far, the Par\u00e1 government has given worrying signals on how it will respond to November\u2019s social mobilisations. In February, Indigenous people who occupied<\/a> Bel\u00e9m\u2019s State Education Secretariat building in protests linked to the sector were met<\/a> with a power cut and pepper spray.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding the place that civil society will have during COP30, Carvalho says: \u201cIt\u2019s still too early to say anything.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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