{"id":60090455,"date":"2025-07-16T17:45:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T16:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60090455"},"modified":"2025-07-23T09:37:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T08:37:21","slug":"china-steps-up-for-marine-science-in-nice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/china-steps-up-for-marine-science-in-nice\/","title":{"rendered":"China steps up for marine science in Nice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

China sent a signal to the world from France last month: it wants to be seen as a responsible and engaged ocean player.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From its plenary meetings to side events, the third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) in Nice was brimming with China\u2019s academics, civil society representatives, and high-level officials, including vice president Han Zheng. They were keen to discuss their nation\u2019s contributions to marine science, protecting the high seas, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Showing up, and making waves<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s positioning at the conference was in marked contrast to that of the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the previous Ocean Conference, in 2022, the then-US special presidential climate envoy John Kerry had led the US delegation to Lisbon. He advocated<\/a> for multiple initiatives, including conserving 30% of the ocean.\u00a0This time, the US administration only sent observers to the south of France, after denouncing the UN Sustainable Development Goals \u2013 including SDG14<\/a>, which is the main focus of the UNOC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are the Sustainable Development Goals?<\/span>
\n

The Sustainable Development Goals are a package of 17 interconnected targets<\/a> set by the UN in 2015, which are supposed to be achieved by 2030. They provide a detailed framework for addressing the world\u2019s most pressing social, economic and environmental challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goal 14 is to \u201cconserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development\u201d. Dubbed \u201clife below water\u201d, SDG14<\/a> includes targets to reduce marine pollution and ocean acidification, make fishing more sustainable, support artisan fishers and protect and restore ecosystems. Some of these targets have already been missed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goals most closely linked to climate change include those on \u201caffordable and clean energy<\/a>\u201d worldwide, and taking urgent \u201cclimate action<\/a>\u201d to limit the extent and impacts of climate change.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

At the conference\u2019s first plenary session<\/a>, vice president Han said \u201call parties should practice true multilateralism\u201d and \u201cjointly observe international rules on the ocean\u201d to achieve SDG14. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such calls for multilateralism also came from other leaders of other countries. But while multilateralism was certainly a buzzword at the conference, Dialogue Earth noted the officials did not name the most notable absentee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Chinese state media, though, spelled out the absence of the US, with Xinhua pointedly headlining<\/a> its coverage: \u201cUN ocean conference adopts declaration amid US scientists\u2019 absence.\u201d And later in June, China\u2019s UN envoy openly called out<\/a> the dearth of official US participation in the UNOC and other aspects of global governance, during a meeting of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ratification race<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ocean experts were listening out for other matters during Han\u2019s speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVice president Han\u2019s speech is a window on the future focus of China\u2019s marine work,\u201d says Zhang Yimo, director of WWF Beijing\u2019s Sustainable Blue Economy Programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sharing scientific knowledge and building bridges with other countries through ocean governance were high on China\u2019s UNOC agenda. As Han said: \u201cChina has started to jointly build the 21st century\u2019s Maritime Silk Road<\/a> and actively work with all parties to promote marine connectivity and practical cooperation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"China's<\/div>
World leaders including China\u2019s vice president Han Zheng (left) and France\u2019s president Emmanuel Macron (right) were high-profile attendees at a UN Ocean Conference devoid of a high-level US delegation (Image: Laurent Cipriani \/ Associated Press \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Han said China will launch over 100 bilateral and multilateral cooperation programmes to support developing countries, including small island states, achieve the UN development goals in the next three years. He promised to provide 5,000 placements for people from such countries to be trained in sustainable marine issues. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Han also said China is \u201cactively pursuing the domestic ratification process\u201d of the High Seas Treaty.\u00a0The treaty includes conservation measures such as environmental impact assessments for human activities, sharing genetic resources and creating protected areas in international waters. It will only come into force when 60 countries have ratified it; at the time of publication 50 countries<\/a> had done so. China is yet to but has indicated it will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The speech was China\u2019s first public announcement that it is going through the domestic ratification process, says Zhou Wei, Greenpeace East Asia\u2019s oceans project manager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She says China is involved in a wide range of marine activities. Ratifying the High Seas Treaty involves many governmental departments and is therefore complicated and time-consuming. Given the ocean\u2019s growing pressures and the urgent need for protection, she says countries that have yet to ratify the treaty, including China, should do it soon. This will allow the work on protected areas and other treaty measures to commence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boosting marine science <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Guo Hongyu, deputy director of the Beijing-based environmental think-tank Greenovation Hub, championed scientific exchanges at a UNOC side event co-hosted by Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She said successfully creating protected areas in international waters will require international cooperations of scientists, making efforts to turn the available science into tailored policy options: \u201cScientific consensuses lay solid foundations for policymaking.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs China\u2019s research fleet and scientific capacity develop, we believe scientists from China can contribute more to high sea protection,\u201d Guo adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s marine science received considerable attention in Nice. \u201cScience was a thread that ran through China\u2019s participation in the conference,\u201d says Zhou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This focus echoes China\u2019s growing role<\/a> in the UN Decade of Ocean Science, a 10-year framework for exploring the ocean from the surface to its depths. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Several<\/div>
Discussions between delegates from across the globe often spilled out of conference rooms at the UNOC, on to the harbour side and into surrounding caf\u00e9s (Image: Regina Lam \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The deep ocean and its organisms, vitally important to the planet\u2019s health, remain a largely undocumented and unexplored mystery. Many in the ocean field want a scaling up of deep-sea research, an area where China has noticeably advanced in recent years.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some of China\u2019s deep-sea discoveries are presented on Seamount Digital Intelligent Systems, a data platform<\/a> launched at the UNOC. Elsewhere at the conference, researchers unveiled the China Global Ocean Fusion Dataset 1.0. This global ocean climate dataset<\/a> supports seabed-resource exploration, marine forecasts, emergency sea rescue and other ocean activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about China\u2019s far-flung fisheries?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ending destructive fishing practices, especially in areas designated for protection, was a pressing subject for many nations at the UNOC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China has one of the world\u2019s largest distant-water fleets, which often faces sustainability questions. Zhang of WWF says the country is open to suggestions on the issue of distant-water fisheries. For instance, he points out that the 2023 white paper \u201cDevelopment of China\u2019s distant-water fisheries<\/a>\u201d specifically recognises the value of communicating with international NGOs, such as WWF and Greenpeace. Indeed, WWF works with researchers to provide sustainable suggestions to policymakers in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zhang says he has seen an improvement in China\u2019s tackling of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. He is optimistic there will be more progress, especially since China joined<\/a> the Port State Measures Agreement, a global treaty to curb these activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On the other hand, sustainable fisheries management did not appear to be a priority for China\u2019s UNOC delegation, despite representing the world\u2019s largest fisheries industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is due to the division of work,\u201d explains Zhang. He says fisheries management in China is led by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The UNOC side-event programme revealed that many of China\u2019s engagements were led by the Ministry of Natural Resources, under its vice minister, Sun Shuxian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But this does not necessarily mean the country is slowing down on sustainable fisheries governance. For example, the work underway on updating Chinese fisheries law<\/a> addresses the use of harmful fishing gear, including bottom-trawl nets, says Zhang.\u00a0\u201cTherefore, we look forward to direct and strict management on trawling once the revision comes into force.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voices from civil society<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The roles played by China-based NGOs in encouraging ocean protection do not often earn international attention. At Dialogue Earth\u2019s UNOC side event, the Qingdao Marine Conservation Society (QMCS<\/a>), Greenovation Hub and a group of other China-based NGOs explored this under-discussed topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wang Songlin, the founder and president of QMCS, kicked off the event by stressing the importance of engaging China, which has the world\u2019s largest fisheries and aquaculture industry \u2013 and many irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He also underscored the efforts China has made in ocean governance. That includes leadership during the negotiations and adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework<\/a>, which set a target to protect at least 30% of Earth\u2019s land and 30% of its ocean by 2030.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cChina has been an active contributor to the global agenda of sustainable [ocean] development,\u201d says Wang \u2013 and it will \u201cplay an increasingly pivotal role\u201d. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chinese politicians and ocean experts flocked to the UN Ocean Conference, platforming science and high seas protection amid US withdrawal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3906,"featured_media":60090466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[545,40027778,569,20000628],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50040730,50040700,50003615],"class_list":["post-60090455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-fisheries","tag-marine-protection","tag-negotiations","tag-science","country-china","country-france","country-united-states-of-america","country-world-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina steps up for marine science in Nice | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chinese politicians and ocean experts flocked to the UN Ocean Conference, platforming science and high seas 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