{"id":60094211,"date":"2025-08-14T11:49:37","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T10:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60094211"},"modified":"2025-08-18T11:25:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T10:25:21","slug":"mexico-is-remodelling-its-energy-landscape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/mexico-is-remodelling-its-energy-landscape\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexico is remodelling its energy landscape"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As she approaches the end of her first year in office, Claudia Sheinbaum\u2019s commitment to generating more clean power in the country has not wavered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Morena party leader vowed<\/a> to make renewable energy a cornerstone of her administration, leveraging<\/a> the country\u2019s vast solar and wind resources to position it as a regional clean-power leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sheinbaum\u2019s plans are a departure from the energy policies of her predecessor, Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador, who focused on increasing the output of the state oil producer, Pemex. He largely moved away from renewable power, freezing the permit process<\/a> for new projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe are going to propel renewable energy in Mexico,\u201d Sheinbaum said during her inauguration<\/a> on 1 October 2024. \u201cThe objective is that by 2030, 45% of the country\u2019s energy will be powered by renewable sources.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her first move was a sweeping constitutional reform package, easily passed earlier this year thanks to Morena\u2019s congressional majority. The new laws, published<\/a> on 18 March, open the door to greater private investment in clean energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The laws also boost the amount of distributed electricity generation permitted for private producers. And in a further departure from the L\u00f3pez Obrador administration, the amount of self-generated power that a project may use on-site has been raised significantly, from just 0.7 megawatts to 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These changes have been praised by members of the industry, who perceive the new laws as beneficial to small power generators. They empower private companies to develop on-site plants to fuel their operations with clean electricity, whether independently or in partnership with energy companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth consulted Yolanda Villegas, a leading energy lawyer in Mexico. \u201cI think this is a very positive move,\u201d she says. Villegas has worked as lead counsel and head of compliance and government affairs at various large energy companies, such as Pemex and Vitol. \u201cA lot of private companies will be very interested in taking advantage of the opportunity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"President<\/div>
President Claudia Sheinbaum speaks at the 87th anniversary of state-owned oil company Pemex. Although she vowed to make renewable energy a cornerstone of her administration, the government will invest further in an indebted Pemex in a bid to achieve \u201cenergy sovereignty\u201d (Image: Cristian Leyva \/ ZUMA Press \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The new legislation guarantees the dominance of the state-owned Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), by stating it will generate at least 54%<\/a> of the nation\u2019s power. It also fortifies the status of Pemex, which is heavily indebted<\/a>, in hopes of reversing Mexico\u2019s declining crude oil output and reducing its reliance on imports. Sheinbaum\u2019s goal is for Mexico to achieve \u201cenergy sovereignty<\/a>\u201d, a goal she says necessitates Pemex and CFE being the country\u2019s dominant energy providers. Critics argue this contradicts the government\u2019s renewable-energy goals. It has also raised concerns about investing further in Pemex considering its debts.

Sheinbaum\u2019s ambitions predominantly mark a bold shift towards a greener future but achieving them will not come easy. The biggest challenge, according to a government energy official who asked not to be named, will be maintaining a collaborative and constructive relationship with the United States. This has proven difficult<\/a> since Donald Trump took office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At home, doubt is cast on the government\u2019s ability to fulfil its climate action goals by the dominant role of indebted companies like Pemex and CFE, combined with the lingering uncertainty private companies have as the energy framework shifts to prioritise these state companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First steps: Finance and legislation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In February, Sheinbaum said her administration intends to add almost 23 gigawatts<\/a> to Mexico\u2019s power generation capacity by 2030 via new projects. This figure will include \u201can ample percentage of renewable energy generation.\u201d Currently, the country\u2019s total installed power capacity is around 95 gigawatts<\/a>; in other words, Sheinbaum hopes to increase that by about 24% in just five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most of Mexico\u2019s electricity grid is powered by fossil fuels, largely gas imported from the United States. The CFE provides power to around 50 million people in Mexico, and generated 72% of all electricity consumed as of 2024, according to company figures<\/a>.

To achieve its goals, the government will spend more than USD 22 billion<\/a> in the next five years to finance CFE\u2019s electricity generation and distribution enhancements. Mexico will also seek investment<\/a> totalling between USD 6 and 9 billion among private energy producers, aiming for between 6.4 and 9.5 gigawatts of new clean-energy capacity by 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"solar<\/div>
Solar panels on the roof of the Le\u00f3n State Fair building, in L\u00e9on, Guanajuato state, central Mexico. Mixed public-private investments may pave the way for an increase in solar-power installations, experts say (Image: Luis Gutierrez \/ Norte Photo \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The recently approved laws also include new contract models to incentivise private investment, such as CFE partnerships and the higher energy self-supply limits granted to projects. They formalise the state\u2019s dominance of the sector while allowing for limited private participation. Under the reforms, CFE and Pemex may now enter \u201cmixed contracts\u201d with private firms but will remain the leading partners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese are ambitious plans,\u201d says Israel Hurtado, CEO and founder of the Mexican Hydrogen and Energy Transition Association (H2M\u00e9xico<\/a>). \u201cI do think they can be accomplished, if the government follows through on its intentions to involve private participation in renewable-energy generation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth also consulted Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Trevi\u00f1o, the Mexico country manager for Acclaim Energy, based in Texas, United States. Trevi\u00f1o oversees the analysis and negotiation of Acclaim Energy\u2019s Mexican gas and electricity supply contracts. She says her clients have been motivated by the loosening up of renewable-energy generation limits, which will, for example, pave the way for an increase in solar-power installations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI think the demand is there to buy renewable energy and to develop it in a way that makes economic sense,\u201d says Trevi\u00f1o. \u201cBut at the same time, the development of a 20-megawatt solar plant, for example, requires a significant amount of land, and finding the space to do that will be difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

CFE plans to develop hundreds<\/a> of projects across power generation, transmission and distribution, many funded by the government and potentially open to private collaboration, as per the state\u2019s new model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Questions on transparency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The landscape and rules of Sheinbaum\u2019s energy policies are more open to the private development of solar, hydro, wind, geothermal and hydrogen power projects than L\u00f3pez Obrador\u2019s. But some legal experts<\/a> have misgivings, saying third-party interest will be limited because of the constitutionally enforced dominance of the CFE, and the state\u2019s greater regulatory control of the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The constitutional reform package radically changes the Mexican energy industry\u2019s regulatory environment, by eliminating two autonomous regulatory bodies: the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) and the National Hydrocarbons Commission (CNH). These bodies independently oversaw contracts, permits and pricing across the oil, gas and power markets. This is now covered by the National Energy Commission<\/a> (CNE), which is overseen by the energy ministry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dissolution of the CRE and the CNH has led at least one private investment firm to warn<\/a> that the Mexican state\u2019s emergent energy strategy may \u201chinder free competition and prioritise the state utility over private parties\u201d. Moreover, the legislation establishes a 46% participation cap on private electricity and renewable investment. Trevi\u00f1o has a lukewarm sense of optimism about these developments: \u201cWe want to think that renewable power will advance and increase in capacity simply based on the fact that, if state investment in CFE increases as planned, then private production would have to accompany that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy justice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Another tenet of Sheinbaum\u2019s plans for the industry is \u201cenergy justice\u201d. This concept aims to ensure that all citizens \u2013 particularly those in rural, marginalised and Indigenous communities \u2013 have access to electricity for heating water, cooking and refrigeration. According to Hurtado, around 2-3% of Mexico\u2019s 130 million people are still without electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Indigenous<\/div>
An Indigenous woman prepares food on a wood-burning stove in Punta Chueca, Sonora state, northern Mexico. Around 2-3% of Mexico\u2019s 130 million people are still without electricity, say Israel Hurtado of the Mexican Hydrogen and Energy Transition Association (Image: Antonio Cascio \/ Zuma Press \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pursuing energy justice has prompted the administration to target wood-burning cooking stoves, which contribute significantly to Mexico\u2019s air pollution. According to Villegas, around 50% of the population continue to use such stoves, which also drive deforestation and Mexico\u2019s increasingly common forest fires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To implement its energy-justice plans, the recently passed laws call for the energy ministry to create and administer a Universal Energy Service Fund that prioritises electricity for vulnerable rural and urban communities. The finance, environment and wellbeing ministries will collaborate with CFE and Pemex to decide where to distribute the resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI think the idea of energy justice seems like a positive initiative,\u201d says Hurtado. He highlights that \u201cenergy justice\u201d appears in the new legislation 33 times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf between two and three per cent of the Mexican population \u2013 which is millions of people \u2013 are still without electricity, then there is a need for those people to have energy justice.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

President Sheinbaum\u2019s sweeping reforms attempt to steer state-owned energy giants towards a greener future amid private-sector scepticism<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000816,"featured_media":60094225,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[17073,580,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002597],"class_list":["post-60094211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-transition","tag-policy","tag-renewables","country-mexico"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMexico is remodelling its energy landscape | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"President Sheinbaum\u2019s sweeping reforms attempt to steer state-owned energy giants towards a greener future amid private-sector scepticism\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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