{"id":60108291,"date":"2025-11-05T18:18:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T18:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60108291"},"modified":"2025-11-19T15:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:15:25","slug":"indonesian-coastal-villages-in-the-dark-over-nickel-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/indonesian-coastal-villages-in-the-dark-over-nickel-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Indonesian coastal villages in the dark over nickel pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The sea lapping at the shore of Kurisa, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, has turned red. Located in the Morowali regency, this village is in the vicinity of the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP), a sprawling nickel processing hub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project, a joint venture between China\u2019s Tsingshan Group and the Indonesian company Bintang Delapan (Eight Stars), hosts over 50 manufacturers. Their facilities produce nickel-based goods, including steel products and electric vehicle battery materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Kurisa elder named Lukman, 54, describes to Dialogue Earth how hot, pungent waste flows from the IMIP to the sea, rendering it unfishable. He says this has cost the area\u2019s fishers their livelihoods, and that they have been forced to scavenge for discarded plastic bottles as an alternative way to earn a living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFish can no longer be cultivated here [in fish farms],\u201d notes Lukman. He cultivated grouper until six years ago, after which he says the sea became more polluted. These days he runs a boarding house. Those who wish to go fishing must now sail around three kilometres further out, he notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Its polluted coast is just one of the issues facing Kurisa and several other villages surrounding the nickel complex. Villagers also live with air pollution from the coal plants that power the IMIP\u2019s operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government imposed sanctions on the IMIP for environmental violations. Months later, however, villagers and NGOs monitoring the situation say they have yet to see action being taken. The health and environmental impacts continue to affect and threaten local villagers and workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health issues and risks to life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nurman Hidayat, 42, is a villager of Bahomakmur, immediately to the west of the IMIP. He says locals have been afflicted by coughs, colds and fevers, which he attributes to emissions of sulphur dioxide and the burning of coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A 2024 study by the Association for Transformation of Justice (TuK) Indonesia and Tadulako University highlighted<\/a> that the average concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 \u2013 as well as sulphur dioxide in samples taken in 2023 \u2013 exceeded government standards for safety in three villages surrounding the IMIP, including Bahomakmur. The study described \u201cserious health risks for local residents\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What are PM 10 and PM 2.5?<\/strong>

Particulate matter refers to the mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particulate matter comes from natural processes, and it is also generated by human activities such as burning fuel and construction.

Some particulate matter can cause significant health problems for people, especially particles that are so small they can penetrate deep into the body when inhaled. Of particular concern are particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres, known as \u201cPM 2.5\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study noted coughing and sneezing were symptoms present in over 70% of the study\u2019s 91 survey respondents from the three villages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi), an environmental NGO, claimed<\/a> in October 2024 that coal ash had been found in the classrooms of two schools in Labota, another Morowali village. They were several hundred metres away from the IMIP plants. Six students developed coughs and shortness of breath, it noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe air here is really not suitable if we were to stay,\u201d says Lukman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond air and water pollution issues, tailings waste management within the IMIP complex has also sparked criticism. The Free Land Foundation (YTM), an NGO based in Central Sulawesi, has highlighted various risks associated with the estimated 11.5 million tonnes<\/a> of tailings generated by the IMIP annually. This figure is projected to grow more than fourfold by 2026 to 47 million tonnes, according to Indonesia Business Post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YTM told Indonesia Business Post that the tailings contain harmful substances including sulphuric acid and hexavalent chromium. The latter chemical is known<\/a> to cause cancer and respiratory illnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The NGO warns that a collapse of any of the IMIP\u2019s few tailings storage facilities \u2013 which are limited in comparison to the zone allocated for tailings management \u2013 might lead to toxic waste being released into the nearby Bahodopi River, \u201cthreatening both local ecosystems and nearby communities\u201d. It highlights how intense flooding on 16 March caused a containment structure to burst, exposing nearly 1,100 people in Labota to the hazardous waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just days later, on 22 March, high rainfall led the embankment at one of the tailings storage facilities in the IMIP to burst, killing three workers. YTM claimed<\/a> this was due to the complex\u2019s use of ground-level tailings storage facilities, which it noted as dangerous and risky in areas with high rainfall such as Morowali. Dedy Kurniawan is head of media relations for the company that runs the complex, the Tsingshan majority-owned PT IMIP. He told the Indonesian outlet Kompas that the landslide occurred due to hours of heavy rain, which caused the river to overflow into the complex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rescue<\/div>
Rescuers search for victims following the collapse of an embankment holding waste produced by a nickel smelting plant in Sulawesi’s Morowali regency, in March 2025. The accident killed three people (Image: KPP Palu \/ Associated Press \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

YTM also raised<\/a> the issue of future earthquakes potentially damaging these facilities and broader infrastructure. It highlighted how the region has experienced multiple significant earthquakes, including a magnitude 5.1 tremor in May 2024 that \u201cdamaged worker accommodations and company infrastructure\u201d. The organisation raised concerns about the area\u2019s disaster preparedness, considering that geological studies suggest a magnitude 7.4 quake last struck the Matano Fault \u2013 on which the IMIP lies \u2013 roughly 200 years ago. Research<\/a> from 2023 indicated that a surface-rupturing earthquake on the fault is \u201calready due\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YTM\u2019s director, Richard Labiro, tells Dialogue Earth: \u201cWhen a natural disaster occurs, again [it\u2019s] the community and workers who are affected.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Left in the dark<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to Lukman, the local community reported their deteriorating living conditions to their Regional Representative Council (DPRD) in June 2025, as well as to the regional regent, Iksan Baharudin Abdul Rauf. Lukman says neither authority has followed up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At one point, it appeared the government would be addressing locals\u2019 concerns. In June, Indonesia\u2019s Ministry of Environment announced<\/a> it had found multiple environmental violations within the IMIP complex. These included air pollution and an estimated 12 million metric tonnes of illegal tailings deposits. Furthermore, 1,800 hectares of land not included in the company\u2019s original environmental impact statement had been built upon and used for unauthorised activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The ministry announced it would impose administrative sanctions<\/a> on PT IMIP. Reuters reported<\/a> that the ministry said it would impose fines on PT IMIP, and the police were to investigate the management of hazardous and toxic tailings in the area. Rizal Irawan, the deputy for environmental law enforcement at the ministry, told Antara News that the ministry \u201cwill continue with criminal and civil legal proceedings\u201d on these. He also said the ministry would order an environmental audit of the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, months later, locals and monitoring NGOs say they have been left in the dark about the sanctions and their implementation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe don\u2019t know anything, because there\u2019s no follow-up,\u201d says Lukman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, Muhammad Taufik, the Southeast Sulawesi coordinator for the Mining Advocacy Network (Jatam), an Indonesian environmental monitoring group, says: \u201cRegarding the alleged violations committed by PT IMIP in the field, we have not found any efforts to address them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no transparency regarding the sanctions and their implementation, says the legal analysis and assistance studies manager of Walhi\u2019s Southeast Sulawesi chapter, Sandy Prasetya Makala. How the proceedings will take place remains unknown, and the public has not been provided with a way to monitor progress. <\/strong>\u201c\u2018Transparent\u2019 means not only releasing the results to the public after conducting monitoring, enforcement and investigation activities. It also involves the public in the monitoring process,\u201d he argues, adding that the team conducting these activities must not be recruited solely from government ministries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makala says the public will only believe the government is serious about taking action on this situation if there is effective public monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth reached out to Elyta Gawi, head of Morowali\u2019s environmental agency, Irawan of the Environment Ministry, and Kurniawan of PT IMIP, for comments on any follow-up actions. Responses were not received.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, responding to the government\u2019s findings in June, Kurniawan said<\/a> PT IMIP had submitted an environmental impact assessment report for the disputed 1,800 hectares of land in 2023. He added that the company and its tenants monitor air quality in real-time, and had installed technology to reduce emissions from smelting activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potential costs to Indonesia\u2019s nickel industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Martha Mendrofa is a researcher at the Institute for Essential Services Reform, a think-tank. She urges the Indonesian government to establish a transparent digital system that allows the public to oversee legal acts that have been implemented by law enforcement, as well as to evaluate regulations and public complaints. She says follow-ups should be conducted by sanctioned companies \u2013 \u201cthis will ensure transparency regarding complaints and the responses of relevant stakeholders.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

\u200bIndonesia also needs to adopt stricter sustainability standards, like those set out in the Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance<\/a>, Mendrofa adds. This will ensure that aspects such as waste management, worker health and safety, human rights, community engagement, anti-corruption measures and impacts on biodiversity are properly evaluated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mendrofa warns that if Indonesia\u2019s nickel industry continues business as usual without higher sustainability standards, the country could face lower demand. \u201cThe global community will definitely not like it \u2013 they will not be interested in mining investments in Indonesia,\u201d she believes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, the residents of the nearby villages continue to suffer the health impacts of remaining in the area. Hidayat says: \u201cNo one from the relevant agencies [or] the health agency, including the central, regional, or provincial government, has considered [our concerns]. We\u2019re asking for at least some attention to our health issues. There\u2019s been absolutely nothing \u2026 nothing from PT IMIP either, so we\u2019ve just been left alone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lukman says if the company does not want to help them relocate, they should, at minimum, be providing the community with compensation, \u201cso we know we receive something every month, even though we might be breathing in polluted air.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The government has recorded multiple environmental violations at the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park, but locals are yet to see action<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000872,"featured_media":60108304,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901,760,50042422],"tags":[14274,551,50040749,566,20000341],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040717],"class_list":["post-60108291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","category-pollution","category-uncategorized-zh-3","tag-air-pollution","tag-health","tag-livelihoods","tag-mining","tag-water-pollution","country-indonesia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndonesian coastal villages in the dark over nickel pollution | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The government has recorded multiple environmental violations at the Indonesia Morowali 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