{"id":60111409,"date":"2025-11-28T19:28:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T19:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60111409"},"modified":"2025-11-28T19:39:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T19:39:12","slug":"pigs-are-eating-away-at-the-orinoquia-forest-of-colombia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/pigs-are-eating-away-at-the-orinoquia-forest-of-colombia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pigs are eating away at the Orinoqu\u00eda forest of Colombia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The savannahs of the Meta department, in Colombia\u2019s central Orinoqu\u00eda region, are known for their rivers. They are home to more than 750 species<\/a> of fish, an abundance recognised by the Indigenous Sikuani people. They are the ancient inhabitants of the gallery forests<\/a> of the Meta, Muco, Manacac\u00edas and Tillav\u00e1 rivers, so-called for their long corridors of trees that grow along the banks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Santiago is an Indigenous member of this community \u2013 his real identity has been withheld for security reasons. He recalls how the Muco River in Meta\u2019s Puerto Gait\u00e1n municipality, 300 kilometres east of the capital Bogot\u00e1, was once teeming with fish: \u201cWe used to catch payara [Hydrolycus scomberoides<\/em>], pav\u00f3n [Cichla ocellaris<\/em>], bocona [Prochilodus magdalenae<\/em>] and guabina [Hoplias malabaricus<\/em>]. Today, there are no fish.\u201d Santiago blames the agro-industrial company Aliar-Fazenda for the deterioration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aliar-Fazenda is the only company in the Orinoqu\u00eda region that grows soybeans and corn for pigfeed concentrates. The company began operations<\/a> in Puerto Gait\u00e1n in 2007. By 2018, it had transformed 40,000 hectares of land<\/a> into a pantry that would feed millions of pigs over the following years. This year, the company claimed to be feeding 880,000 pigs<\/a> and producing 100 million<\/a> kilograms of meat annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Santiago, \u201cthe manure damaged all those moricheras<\/em> [wetlands] and streams where we used to fish\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A river contaminated with E coli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere used to be some beautiful lagoons, and they are still there today, but no one bathes there anymore because the water is murky. The water no longer flows,\u201d Santiago continues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since Aliar-Fazenda arrived, Santiago says, pollution has cost the Sikuani people the fishing-based subsistence economy that they rely upon, in addition to making it impossible to enjoy the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this report, a sample was taken on 20 August this year of the waters that Santiago used to eat and drink from and analysed for pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Ca\u00f1o Cristales River, one of the many water bodies located in areas with savannahs in Meta. Today, the Muco River, which is within a savannah located further north-east in the department, is polluted, which locals and former employees claim is due to Aliar-Fazenda\u2019s failure to adequately treat water and waste from its facilities (Image: Kike Calvo \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The analysis was undertaken by Tecnoambiental<\/a>, a laboratory accredited by the Colombian government\u2019s Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Ideam<\/a>), which tested according to the basic parameters of organic pollution: the presence of faecal bacteria, other waste in the water and the loss of oxygen necessary for life in the river.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results revealed severe contamination. Colombian standards<\/a> set the maximum legal level of faecal coliform (intestinal) bacteria present in water used for recreation at 200 microorganisms per 100 millilitres. Tecnoambiental recorded 313,000 per 100 millilitres in the Muco River. This exceeds the limit more than 1,500 times over and renders these waters dangerous for irrigation or human contact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Physical and chemical analysis shows that the waters are indeed being filtered. But even with some treatment plants in place, the system remains insufficient for tackling the amount of faecal matter entering the Muco River. According to the National Health Institute\u2019s (INS) guide<\/a> to bacteriological quality monitoring and control, high levels of total coliforms (a water contamination indicator) and the presence of E coli (Escherichia coli<\/em>) in water are associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal and dermatological diseases among children and other vulnerable groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aliar-Fazenda refused to provide the information on its wastewater management and treatment plants that was requested for this report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Aliar-Fazenda\u2019s facilities in the town of Puerto Gait\u00e1n in Meta. This year, business magazine Forbes credited the company with turning Meta into an agriculture and livestock powerhouse. But sources tell Dialogue Earth this growth is linked to the dispossession and environmental crimes condemning the Sikuani people (Image: Andr\u00e9s G\u00f3mez)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Moricheras as landfills?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Santiago, who lives in the Sikuani reserve of Wacoyo, is not only a neighbour of Aliar-Fazenda but also a former employee. He claims there is no water treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe workers there wash with water and that runs into a pipe, enters a septic tank […] From there, they take it out with a pump […] they don\u2019t throw it away on the lots, but in a mountainous area.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Ra\u00fal, another former Aliar-Fazenda employee who also asked to keep his identity confidential, says he did not observe any water treatment either: \u201cWhere they keep the pigs, there is a large space where the manure and urine can go, and when it is washed, it goes into a pond, then they send it through a pipe to outlets that they make near a morichera.\u201d Ra\u00fal and Santiago say they do not know each other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u00fal\u2019s description of these releases coincides with the results of water contamination and the odours described by locals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Santiago\u2019s wife says she no longer collects water from the Muco River, instead collecting rainwater or buying water when there is no rain. \u201cWe have constant headaches, colds\u201d, she adds, \u201cand sometimes it\u2019s not even a cold, but more like a sneezing fit, something that doesn\u2019t produce mucus or anything […] and we say it\u2019s because of that awful smell.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The people of Wacoyo are not the only ones to have been affected. Barrulia, 29 kilometres from Wacoyo, was a Sikuani community that has been displaced<\/a> through contentious land acquisition linked to Mennonite settlement. Barrulia\u2019s Sikuani community also suffered from vomiting, rashes and diarrhoea, which was linked to the pollution of water supplies caused by agricultural activity. Community member Erminsu Gait\u00e1n told his story to El Turbi\u00f3n, an independent journalism outlet based in Bogot\u00e1. He said his grandson, Axel Gait\u00e1n Chipiaje, died in May 2024 while he was still a child. Aliar-Fazenda had pig farms nearby; Erminsu and his community attribute Chipiaje\u2019s death to the pollution. Following their displacement, Barrulia\u2019s Sikuani community now lives in a sports facility in an urban area of Puerto Gait\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They made a hole where they threw dead pigs […] And they don\u2019t let environmentalists and government officials verify this when they come<\/blockquote>Ra\u00fal, former Aliar-Fazenda employee<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth spoke to another of Chipiaje\u2019s relatives, who used the name Miguel to protect their identity. Miguel, who has been displaced from Barrulia, blames Aliar-Fazenda for Chipiaje\u2019s death: \u201cWhere we were in Barrulia, further east, there are about 20 [pig] sheds that filter [faeces].\u201d There are no public medical reports confirming the cause of Axel Gait\u00e1n Chipiaje\u2019s death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ra\u00fal says he was more shocked by the handling of dead piglets than by the faecal pollution: \u201cThey made a hole where they threw dead pigs. It\u2019s near a morichera. Thirty to fifty pigs die there every day. And they don\u2019t let environmentalists and government officials verify this when they come.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He adds that it is not just the small pigs that die: \u201cThe bigger ones live in crowded conditions and mistreat each other, biting each other. When they don\u2019t have food, they kill each other. That\u2019s why they get sick and die.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the pork industry, it is common for 10-20% of newborns to die<\/a>, and for those destined for fattening to die from respiratory diseases<\/a>. But dumping carcasses without proper composting and failing to treat faecal matter goes beyond animal abuse and constitutes an environmental crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this report, a right of petition was sent to the Ministry of the Environment, which clarified that the responsibility for monitoring, controlling and sanctioning this alleged dumping lies with the regional natural resources authority. In Meta that is Cormacarena<\/a>, which did not respond when asked for details of its Aliar-Fazenda monitoring. Its geoportal contains no evidence<\/a> of the control or monitoring of any bodies of water that lie adjacent to Aliar-Fazenda\u2019s lands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As pigs grow, life in Meta fades<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2025, the business magazine Forbes credited<\/a> Aliar-Fazenda with turning Meta into an agriculture and livestock powerhouse: \u201cPuerto Gait\u00e1n, the epicentre of this revolution, accounts for the largest production of corn and soybeans in the country. In 2024 alone, its high plains grew 87% of Colombia\u2019s soybeans and 47% of its technologically advanced yellow corn.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to our sources, this growth is linked to the kind of dispossession and environmental crimes that are condemning the Sikuani people. Having survived the Indigenous hunt from 1930 to 1970<\/a>, when settlers \u201ckilled, dismembered and poisoned the Indigenous people\u201d, thousands of hectares of Sikuani territories were violently seized<\/a> in 1978 by the paramilitary commander V\u00edctor Carranza. His first cousin and wife, Mar\u00eda Blanca Carranza, sold<\/a> 16,000 hectares of these lands to Aliar-Fazenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Land that has been cleared for monoculture crops in Puerto Gait\u00e1n, the town where Aliar-Fazenda produces corn and soybeans. Part of this land used to be home to the Sikuani people before it was violently seized by a paramilitary family that later sold it to the company (Image: Andr\u00e9s G\u00f3mez)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

As of August 2023, the company claimed to own 50,000 hectares<\/a>. These are lands where Sikuani Indigenous people no longer live. On the ground, the presence of honey bears, opossums and foxes, and royal turpials, roadside ducks and other birds, appears to be receding and thinning out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSince Aliar and the Mennonites appeared, the animals have gone,\u201d says Camilo (who also asked to remain anonymous), a resident of one of the few remaining Sikuani reserves, Ibitsulibo. Camilo is referring to the migratory birds that should be crossing this sky in September, such as the semipalmated sandpiper (Tringa semipalmata<\/em>) and the savannah flycatcher (Tyrannus savana<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The disappearance of birds and mammals in Puerto Gait\u00e1n is due to<\/a> the destruction of the savannah. It has made way for mechanised monoculture, which flattens forests, including moricheras. According to<\/a> Colombia\u2019s Humboldt Institute, dedicated to studying biodiversity, 491 fauna and flora species in the Orinoqu\u00eda region are under threat. This represents 23% of those under threat nationally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The destruction of moricheras and floodplains has not only affected fauna and flora. It also exacerbates global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A ruddy spinetail in Meta. Birds like it, as well as mammals, have disappeared from Puerto Gait\u00e1n due to the destruction of the savannah to make way for mechanised monoculture (Image: Tom Friedel \/ AGAMI Photo Agency \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the gallery forests of Orinoqu\u00eda, perpetually damp wetlands that provide the right conditions for peat to form \u201chave enormous potential to help or hinder global efforts to address climate change\u201d. That is according to Scott Winton, an assistant professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in the United States. In April, Winton reported<\/a> that the average carbon density per area in Colombia\u2019s peatlands is four to ten times greater than in the Amazon rainforest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Winton and his team found peat in 51 of the more than 100 wetlands that they visited across Orinoqu\u00eda and the Colombian Amazon. Considering Aliar-Fazenda\u2019s developments have destroyed moricheras and floodplains in Orinoqu\u00eda, Winton\u2019s findings suggest the company may have disturbed peatland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The expansion of Aliar-Fazenda has not only transformed the savannahs into soybean and corn monocultures. It has disturbed the ancestral balance between the Sikuani and their territory. Where once there were savannahs and moricheras with birds, today there are mistreated pigs, polluted waters, the smell of manure, and sick communities. This situation prolongs the old war against the very existence of the Sikuani people in their forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This report is part of a series that documents how violence, land accumulation and ecocide threaten the physical and cultural survival of the Sikuani people. It was produced by <\/em>El Turbi\u00f3n<\/em><\/a>, with the support of <\/em>Global Exchange<\/em><\/a> and <\/em>Brighter Green<\/em><\/a>\u2019s Animals and Biodiversity Reporting Fund. Founded in 2004, El Turbi\u00f3n is an alternative, independent journalism outlet based in Bogot\u00e1 that produces investigations and analysis that focus on the struggles of excluded communities in Colombia and beyond. The original version of this story can be <\/em>accessed here<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Threatened by agriculture and livestock impacts, as well as government inaction, the Indigenous Sikuani people are speaking up for this biodiverse area<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000886,"featured_media":60111425,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902],"tags":[50029567,511,555,561],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000025],"class_list":["post-60111409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-agroforestry","tag-biodiversity","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-livestock","country-colombia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPigs are eating away at the Orinoqu\u00eda forest of Colombia | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Threatened by agriculture and livestock impacts, as well as government inaction, the Indigenous Sikuani people are speaking up for this biodiverse area\" \/>\n<meta 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agriculture and livestock impacts, as well as government inaction, the Indigenous Sikuani people are speaking up for this biodiverse area","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/pigs-are-eating-away-at-the-orinoquia-forest-of-colombia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/pigs-are-eating-away-at-the-orinoquia-forest-of-colombia\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/pigs-are-eating-away-at-the-orinoquia-forest-of-colombia\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pig-farming-in-Colombia_Vannessa-Jimenez-G_NurPhoto-SRL_Alamy_2KBX8RM-1200px-copy.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pig-farming-in-Colombia_Vannessa-Jimenez-G_NurPhoto-SRL_Alamy_2KBX8RM-1200px-copy.jpeg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"2KBX8RM The sector dedicated to pig farming in 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