{"id":60111704,"date":"2025-12-01T13:22:48","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T13:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60111704"},"modified":"2025-12-05T17:18:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T17:18:13","slug":"how-the-ocean-entered-the-conversation-at-cop30","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/how-the-ocean-entered-the-conversation-at-cop30\/","title":{"rendered":"How the ocean \u2018entered the conversation\u2019 at COP30"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The ocean used to be missing from climate discussions. Some attendees at the recent COP30 climate conference in Brazil say it is now being given its rightful place, even if money is not currently following rhetoric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ant\u00f3nio Guterres used<\/a> a speech at the huge summit in the Amazonian city of Bel\u00e9m to outline what climate change is doing to the global ocean \u2013 \u201cwarming, acidifying and rising\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN secretary-general went on to say: \u201cProtecting forests and oceans is not charity. It is a legal and moral responsibility and smart economics.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brazil\u2019s president, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, echoed<\/a> that in one of his speeches: \u201cThis COP \u2013 the COP of truth \u2013 calls for a pact for the life of our forests, our oceans, and of humankind itself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such language from leaders gives hope to those interested in the ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf we look back to 2015, the word \u2018ocean\u2019 does not exist in the Paris agreement,” says Kerstin Bergentz, a researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the US who attended COP30. “Five years ago, you would have said \u2018ecosystem\u2019 or \u2018forest\u2019 or \u2018land\u2019. But now, the ocean has entered the conversation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anna-Marie Laura, director of climate policy at the Ocean Conservancy NGO, cites some important COP firsts for the ocean in Bel\u00e9m. The world leaders\u2019 summit included a specific ocean theme. Of 29<\/a> special envoy<\/a>s<\/a>, only the one for oceans spoke at the summit. And COP30 saw<\/a> the first high-level ministerial meeting dedicated to oceans. \u201cAll these firsts underscore how much more central ocean is in the climate conversation and in the actual actions being taken,\u201d Laura tells Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocean pledges made<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The sense of the ocean now being \u201cin the conversation\u201d is borne out in the climate pledges nations submitted in the run up to COP30 via their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) documents which are updated every five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mentions of the ocean in the latest round of NDCs surged, according to work by Scripps researchers, who found four times as many<\/a> versus NDCs in 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another analysis<\/a> by the World Resources Institute, in collaboration with Ocean Conservancy, found that 92% of the NDCs so far submitted by coastal and island countries included ocean-related climate actions. This is much higher than the 62% that did in 2015, although about 40% of such nations had yet to submit their new NDCs when the study was conducted on 4 November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"school<\/div>
Many nations have pledged to conserve vulnerable habitats and ecosystems such as seagrass meadows and mangroves (Image: Ethan Daniels \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

But there is also caution over these pledges. Rather than trying to stabilise temperatures by phasing out fossil fuels, many nations are targeting conservation measures and habitat protection to address climate change impacts. (For more on this, see our recent deep dive into new NDCs and the ocean<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This echoes wider criticism of the overall COP30 outcome, where the final text also neglects discussing a mooted roadmap away from fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laura calls the omission “a disappointment”, adding “the number one thing we can do to protect the ocean is phase out fossil fuels.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who has joined the Blue NDC Challenge?<\/p>

Signed at COP30<\/em>: Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Indonesia, Portugal and SingaporeSigned before COP30<\/em>: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Fiji, France, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Palau, the Seychelles, and the United Kingdom<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

More positively, six countries joined the Blue NDC Challenge in Bel\u00e9m, taking the total number to 17. Launched by Brazil and France at the UN Ocean Conference earlier this year<\/a>, the challenge commits nations to increase the focus on oceans in their commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nations behind the initiative used the Bel\u00e9m meeting to promise<\/a> a taskforce to help deliver ocean targets in NDCs via technical assistance and access to finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocean finance still in short supply<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A statistic doing the rounds in Bel\u00e9m states that, by 2050, the ocean could potentially close 35%<\/a> of the so-called emissions gap between likely greenhouse gas emissions and the level needed to limit warming to 1.5C. In many talks and discussions, there was a focus on the ocean as a potential solution to climate problems, rather than on the ocean having climate-related problems that need solutions, say attendees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another ocean number much cited in Bel\u00e9m was that only around 1%<\/a> of climate finance is estimated to go to ocean projects. Funding is still a huge stumbling block<\/a> to implementing ocean solutions to climate change, and delivering NDC commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHaving ocean in more NDCs should translate to increased finance, given NDCs are investment plans for how countries want to deal with climate change,\u201d says Laura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marinez Scherer, a professor at the Federal University of Santa Catarina in Brazil and the COP30 special envoy for the ocean, says funding was heavily discussed, especially by civil society, but the COP ended with no official document on ocean finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She notes that the meeting did see a group called the One Ocean Partnership announce plans<\/a> to bring together USD 20 billion to help the so-called blue economy by 2030 and conserve mangroves and other ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NGOs are also talking hopefully about the idea of setting up a dedicated ocean fund at COP31, potentially modelled on the Tropical Forest Forever fund pushed by Brazil as part of its COP presidency. \u201cBut we still haven\u2019t got anything concrete yet,\u201d says Scherer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brazil\u2019s ocean record under scrutiny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As the host of COP30, Brazil\u2019s ocean record was under immense scrutiny in Bel\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brazil and its president, Lula, have tried to establish a leadership role in ocean issues \u2013 pushing the Blue NDC Challenge<\/a> and promising to sustainably manage 100% of its waters<\/a> by 2030. There was also emphasis on the ocean in the \u201caction agenda<\/a>\u201d from Brazil, which guided COP discussions around voluntary contributions to fighting climate change outside the main negotiations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div>
A COP30 event considers progress on ocean-climate actions (Image: Douglas Pingituro<\/a> \/ MMA<\/a>, CC BY-NC-SA<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

All this contrasts starkly with the country\u2019s moves to open up fossil-fuel exploration at the mouth of the Amazon. Criticism on the issue, which was heard at the UN Ocean Conference<\/a> earlier this year, continued in Bel\u00e9m. A new licence to explore for oil issued just before COP meant Lula had “sunk his claim to be a climate leader in the deep ocean at the mouth of the Amazon,\u201d said<\/a> Suely Ara\u00fajo, coordinator of public policies at Brazil\u2019s Climate Observatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amazon Indigenous groups have been particularly incensed<\/a>, and protestors even stormed<\/a> the COP site at one point over this and other issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No \u2018Pacific COP\u2019 for 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

There was also disappointment from some ocean watchers that next year\u2019s COP will not be in Australia. The country was widely seen as in pole position and had pledged to co-host with Pacific nations already suffering the impacts of climate change while debates about reducing emissions drag on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But, after diplomatic horse trading, COP31 will go to Antalya in Turkey rather than Adelaide. \u201cIt\u2019s a big disappointment for the Pacific,\u201d Justin Tkatchenko, foreign minister of Papua New Guinea, told<\/a> ABC Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A preliminary meeting will take place in a currently undetermined Pacific island nation, and Australia has been promised the role of \u201cpresident of negotiations<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tom Pickerell, global director of the ocean program at the World Resources Institute, says this gives him some hope that COP31 can still be the \u201cblue COP\u201d envisaged by the Australia\/Pacific bid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat gives me cautious optimism, because we really do need a blue COP, a COP that has the ocean at the centre, on the front page,\u201d he says. \u201cWe\u2019ve had the forest one [COP30], we\u2019ve had the finance one [COP29]. We\u2019ve got to have a blue COP.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whatever happens to greenhouse gas emissions from now on, emissions so far will continue to warm the ocean for centuries. But the speed with which emissions are curbed can still have a major impact on how hot the ocean gets. So many hope the ocean will become a top priority in climate discussions and policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA couple of years ago the ocean was just never even considered. It was not even an afterthought,\u201d says Pickerell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From that admittedly low bar, Bel\u00e9m \u201cwas actually one of the best COPs for the ocean\u201d, he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additional reporting by Regina Lam.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What did the Bel\u00e9m climate conference deliver for an ocean that is warming, acidifying and rising?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4104,"featured_media":60111705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901],"tags":[523,544,40027778,569],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003615],"class_list":["post-60111704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","tag-conservation","tag-finance","tag-marine-protection","tag-negotiations","country-world-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow the ocean \u2018entered the conversation\u2019 at COP30 | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What did the Bel\u00e9m climate conference deliver for an ocean that is warming, acidifying and rising?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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