{"id":60120838,"date":"2026-02-17T17:01:24","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T17:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60120838"},"modified":"2026-02-18T09:54:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T09:54:07","slug":"dumped-and-discarded-the-fishing-nets-that-threaten-nigerias-marine-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/ocean\/dumped-and-discarded-the-fishing-nets-that-threaten-nigerias-marine-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Dumped and discarded: The fishing nets that threaten Nigeria\u2019s marine life"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The riverbanks of Okerenkoko in the Niger Delta are littered with broken fishing nets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fishers in this major fishing community in the city of Warri, southern Nigeria, may hope they will drift away and eventually disappear, out of sight and out of mind. But they don\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The nets become \u201cghost gear\u201d, continuing to trap marine life long after they have been abandoned, lost or simply discarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gillnets \u2013 often characterised as the most environmentally damaging type of net \u2013 dominate Nigeria\u2019s small-scale fisheries. But a study of fishing gear disposal practices among artisanal fishers in the Niger Delta, published last year, found that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44183-025-00147-0\">92%<\/a> were unaware of the ecological risks posed by ghost gear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, fishers in Okerenkoko (also known as Okerenghigho) told Dialogue Earth they thought discarded nets had little impact on marine life. \u201cThey only catch crabs sometimes, which any passerby can then claim,\u201d says James Mulade, a fisher from the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abraham Ekperusi knows this is far from the truth. A researcher at Okerenkoko\u2019s Nigeria Maritime University, Ekperusi was the lead author of the fishing gear disposal study. He has been researching ghost gear in Nigeria and the wider Gulf of Guinea area since 2018. As well as confirming a widespread misunderstanding of these harms, the study also found that 66% of those fishers surveyed reuse old nets, 18% burn them and 16% choose \u201cindiscriminate dumping\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These dumped nets can devastate marine life. Fishing gear is engineered to survive harsh marine conditions: mammals, birds, reptiles and fish can continue to become entangled long after a net has been lost or dumped at sea. As Ekperusi says, \u201cwhat makes it strong for fishing is what makes it dangerous in the ocean\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abandoned-fishing-gear_Alamy_2H9CE8W.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abandoned-fishing-gear_Alamy_2H9CE8W-768x446.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abandoned-fishing-gear_Alamy_2H9CE8W-1024x595.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abandoned-fishing-gear_Alamy_2H9CE8W.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"corals tangled in abandoned fishing gear\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Fishing gear can devastate marine life long after being discarded or lost, as seen with these branched corals that had been tangled in nets and ripped from the sea floor (Image: MichaelGrant \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Abandoned-fishing-gear_Alamy_2H9CE8W.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"4 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1488\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>National regulations on the disposal of fishing gear are currently lacking. \u201cThere is very limited regulation and almost zero enforcement,\u201d Ekperusi explains, noting that change is certainly needed. He suggests a \u201ccarrot and stick\u201d approach: campaigns, incentives, updated regulations and, eventually, enforcement \u2013 once communities understand and accept the rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In some Niger Delta communities, fishers \u201care already pulling out discarded gillnets instead of fish\u201d when they go to sea, he notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-do-so-many-nets-end-up-in-nigerian-waters\">Why do so many nets end up in Nigerian waters?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A combination of tides, infrastructure and insecurity pushes nets into Nigeria\u2019s waters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joshua Nathaniel leads operations at the Nigerian NGO, Stand Out for Environment Restoration (<a href=\"https:\/\/soferinitiative.org\/\">Sofer<\/a>), the only organisation in the country with a dedicated ghost gear programme. He describes how unpredictable ocean conditions can force fishers to abandon gear to save themselves: \u201cI\u2019ve personally witnessed [strong tidal currents] cut a fisherman\u2019s boat to pieces. When these events happen, they\u2019re only thinking of escaping and surviving that tide first, and not the net.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oil and gas pipelines beneath the water pose another hazard, trapping and tearing off chunks of nets that go on to endanger marine life. \u201cThese nets get entangled in the pipelines underwater and most times [fishers] cannot retrieve all of the parts,\u201d Nathaniel explains. \u201cThe other parts are abandoned and remain there.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"60095201\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Conflict with industrial trawlers is another problem. Nigeria\u2019s regulations on fishing require that these trawlers operate beyond five nautical miles from the coast, so artisanal fishers may have a chance to rely on catches nearer to shore. But Ekperusi and Nathaniel say enforcement is weak: trawlers often sweep through nearshore waters, pulling up smaller fishers\u2019 gillnets as they go. These lost nets are unlikely to be disposed of carefully by fishing boats that are willing to operate in areas where they should not be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fishing gear can also be lost due to piracy. On sight of a pirate boat, fishers often abandon everything and flee to save their boat and its engine \u2013 the most valuable item, often targeted by pirates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-to-do-with-the-waste\">What to do with the waste?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A huge problem for Nigerian fishers is that even where they are aware of the problem and want to dispose of their gear safely at the end of its life, there is a lack of options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have no [publicly-run] retrieval programme, no recycling system, no disposal system or even policies around these issues,\u201d says Ekperusi. \u201cFishers have nowhere to put their nets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">From what we\u2019ve seen, what goes on underwater [with ghost gear] is far worse than people imagine<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Joshua Nathaniel, who leads operations at the Nigerian NGO Sofer<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>So, in fishing communities like Okerenkoko, when nets break or are contaminated by oil spills, they are burned, discarded in riverbanks or buried. Sometimes, floods expose buried nets and carry them out into rivers and the sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Local divers and researchers have been observing and documenting the extent to which ghost nets cause destruction to marine life underwater. They trap loggerhead sea turtles, crabs, sharks, freshwater snakes, and even the slow-moving West African manatee that lives along parts of the Niger Delta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSometimes, we see sea turtles struggling to get out of those trapped nets,\u201d says Temidunmi Adeyemi, a fisher from Costain, another fishing community in Warri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During one offshore dive, a Sofer worker surfaced shaken after finding a net containing an estimated 26 sea turtles. Some were already dead, while others were still struggling to escape. \u201cFrom what we\u2019ve seen, what goes on underwater is far worse than people imagine,\u201d Nathaniel says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-local-innovation-to-change-the-cycle\">Local innovation to change the cycle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To fight the problem, Sofer has built a model based on prevention, mitigation and remediation. The organisation begins by meeting traditional leaders, fishers and the women who process the catch to design interventions together. \u201cThey definitely understand the problem better than anyone,\u201d Nathaniel says. \u201cThat\u2019s why the solutions must come from them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sofer then shares information with fishers about the HubNet, a locally designed receptacle where they can bring end-of-life nets. These are typically kiosk-like structures that are durable yet easy to set up. HubNets have been installed in six communities across Nigeria and neighbouring Cameroon to offer an alternative to dumping nets in the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGhost gears are prevalent because they don\u2019t have a disposal system,\u201d Nathaniel says. \u201cWhat we\u2019re able to use HubNets to do changes that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">You can\u2019t just take what works in Alaska or Australia and move that to Nigeria<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Joel Baziuk, associate director, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ghostgear.org\/\">Global Ghost Gear Initiative<\/a><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the HubNet programme, Sofer\u2019s teams also recover lost and discarded nets from the ocean. Since this \u201coffshore recovery\u201d project began in 2021, retrievers have collected more than 3.5 tonnes of ghost gear. After retrieval, the nets are cleaned, then transformed by fishers who have been trained to turn the material into woven fabrics, bags and shoes to be sold by Sofer. This has created an alternative to selling old nets to local makers of dish sponges for NGN 500 (USD 0.35) per kilogram. Nathaniel hopes the retrieved material can also be turned into artworks, which could be even more profitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen we started, we didn\u2019t know what was possible,\u201d he says. \u201cThen a woman in Badagry [a coastal town in Lagos state] showed us how to use a loom to turn nets into fabric. That innovation came from the community.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-funding-limitations\">Funding limitations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from fishers, Sofer has trained 305 women and girls to transform gillnets into woven fabrics for sale. It has also built a community education and welfare centre, and convened workshops with government officials, divers and fishers to discuss fisheries management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite this progress, the organisation has only reached 12 communities across four Nigerian states and one community in Cameroon. Transportation costs, a lack of recycling infrastructure and limited funding are all barriers to expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nigeria\u2019s Ministry of Marine and Blue Economy did not respond to Dialogue Earth\u2019s request for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Joel Baziuk is associate director of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ghostgear.org\/\">Global Ghost Gear Initiative<\/a>, an alliance of organisations incorporating the private sector, academia and governments, as well as NGOs including Sofer. He says solutions to gear disposal must be deeply local: \u201cYou can\u2019t just take what works in Alaska or Australia and move that to Nigeria.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Baziuk\u2019s view, the model that Sofer has created is \u201cbest in class\u201d. \u201cWe would love to do that across West Africa, but we just haven\u2019t been able to find a funding source yet,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With funding, and more locally led campaigns, there is hope that a vital shift in fishers\u2019 thinking on the ghost gear problem can be brought about. Work to date suggests it is possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe fishers have started to return their end-of-life gear to the HubNet,\u201d says Nathaniel, \u201cand that is a sign they are beginning to recognise the negative impacts of indiscriminate disposal\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Community-led groups are fighting battles against old fishing gear, but the problem remains widespread<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000781,"featured_media":60120852,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039901,760],"tags":[537,545,20000341],"hashtags":[],"country":[50041221],"class_list":["post-60120838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ocean","category-pollution","tag-ecosystems","tag-fisheries","tag-water-pollution","country-nigeria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized 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