{"id":60128559,"date":"2026-04-22T17:06:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T16:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60128559"},"modified":"2026-04-24T16:55:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T15:55:37","slug":"vietnams-race-to-go-nuclear-leaves-villagers-in-limbo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/vietnams-race-to-go-nuclear-leaves-villagers-in-limbo\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam\u2019s race to go nuclear leaves villagers in limbo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As towns and villages across Vietnam lined their streets with Lunar New Year decorations, including spring flowers and red-lettered banners, in Vinh Tuong, celebrations were sparse. No new furniture was bought; no house renovation or repainting was allowed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With most men in the village unemployed, locals had little reason for cheer. Bay Sang said the spotted babylon snail farms, which were once their main source of income, are now being dismantled one by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His village of Vinh Tuong has been designated<\/a> by the government as the site<\/a> of the country\u2019s first nuclear power plant, Ninh Thuan 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is preparing to relocate<\/a> 477 households with about 2,000 people to a new settlement<\/a> around 5 km north of the village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The groundbreaking ceremony for the resettlement site was held<\/a> in January, with Vietnam\u2019s deputy prime minister in attendance. While construction there has yet to begin, and no move-out date has been set, the closing of snail farms is already impacting Vinh Tuong residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI have not had a stable job in half a year,\u201d Sang said, before heading off to help close down one of the last remaining farms. For Sang, who has worked on snail farms for a little over a decade, there are limited alternatives.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second limbo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is not the first time Vinh Tuong has experienced such precarity. Back in 2009, the National Assembly had approved<\/a> plans for the country\u2019s first two nuclear power plants, and Vinh Tuong was one of the chosen sites. But the plant was never built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Construction had been scheduled to begin<\/a> in 2014 with operations<\/a> expected by 2020. The project was to be led by state-owned company Electricity of Vietnam (EVN) in partnership<\/a> with Russia\u2019s state nuclear company Rosatom. In 2016, due to fiscal pressures, the National Assembly voted to indefinitely shelve<\/a> the nuclear programme. For families of Vinh Tuong, the seven years from 2009 to 2016 were filled with confusion and a sense of stagnation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLife was hard during those years,\u201d said Sang. \u201cWe were not allowed to do anything.\u201d No investments into the village were permitted, no new farms could be built, and failing roads were left unfixed, he noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, nearly a decade later, that reality has returned. This time, however, displacement is close to a certainty, with Vietnam\u2019s growing energy demands fuelling Hanoi\u2019s renewed commitment to getting the nuclear project off the ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A national thirst for energy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the ten years since the country\u2019s first commercial nuclear attempt was halted, its economy has nearly doubled<\/a> in size, from USD 252 billion in 2016 to USD 484 billion in 2025, according to the International Monetary Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vietnam has emerged as a manufacturing hub of Southeast Asia. To fuel this industrial boom, it has raced to expand its grid. Installed generating capacity grew from 42 gigawatts (GW)<\/a> in 2016 to around 87 GW<\/a> in 2025 \u2013 the second highest in the region, according to EVN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That growth, however, has not kept pace with demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

In the summer of 2023, rolling power shortages disrupted<\/a> factories and businesses across the northern provinces, Vietnam\u2019s hub for high-tech electronics. The World Bank estimated<\/a> the energy constraints caused USD 1.4 billion of economic losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renewable energy has grown fast. But becoming Southeast Asia\u2019s largest producer of solar and wind power has come with its own complications<\/a>. Vietnam\u2019s generous feed-in tariffs \u2013 the promise to buy solar and wind electricity at above-market prices for 20 years \u2013 have incurred significant losses<\/a> for EVN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To ease energy needs, Vietnam has turned to its neighbours. In 2025, it imported<\/a> around 1.6 GW from Laos and 0.6 GW from China, just under 2.4% of total capacity. It plans to increase both sharply, including an additional 3 GW<\/a> from China, by 2030. A 500-kilovolt transmission line connecting<\/a> to the Chinese border went online last year, costing USD 280 million<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fast tracking nuclear<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To further shore up its energy supply, the National Assembly voted to revive<\/a> the nuclear programme in November 2024. Since then, the government has moved fast. Just weeks later, in January 2025, EVN and Rosatom signed<\/a> a memorandum of understanding during Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin\u2019s visit to Hanoi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
The proposed site of Ninh Thuan 1 in Vinh Tuong. Under the government\u2019s power development plan (2021-2030), the Ninh Thuan 1 and 2 plants are expected to provide a collective 4-6.4 GW of capacity by 2035 (Image: Minh Tran)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

By April 2025, the government had revised<\/a> its power development plan (2021-2030) so it includes nuclear power. Under the new plan, the Ninh Thuan 1 and 2 plants are expected to provide a collective 4-6.4 GW of capacity by 2035. Months later, the National Assembly passed a new Atomic Energy Law<\/a>, aligning with current International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In March 2026, as Hanoi navigated fuel shortages amid the US-Israel war on Iran, Vietnam and Russia\u2019s partnership was formalised<\/a> during Vietnamese Prime Minister Phan Minh Chinh\u2019s visit to Moscow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Rosatom\u2019s press release, the agreement covers<\/a> cooperation on building two power units with a combined capacity of 2.5 GW to form Ninh Thuan 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguyen Khac Giang, visiting fellow at the ISEAS \u2013 Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore, told Dialogue Earth the revival carries \u201cstrong personal imprint of Party chief To Lam and Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh\u201d, suggesting a political spirit behind this nuclear push.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nuclear revival was pushed hard in the lead-up to the Communist Party\u2019s five-yearly congress, held in January 2025. To Lam, re-elected<\/a> as Party general secretary, has branded himself as the reformist that Vietnam needs to achieve high growth \u2013 and the nuclear plant, Giang said, was a political project to demonstrate that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is strong optimism within the leadership about Vietnam\u2019s new status as a rising middle power,\u201d Giang said. \u201cHaving an operational nuclear power plant would be a major national statement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A difficult timeline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vietnam\u2019s government aims<\/a> for Ninh Thuan 1 to be operational by the end of 2031, to coincide<\/a> with the centenary of the Communist Party. \u201cWorking during the day is not enough, we need to work at night,\u201d Prime Minister Chinh told<\/a> the nuclear steering committee in January 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Experts say the schedule is unrealistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is impossible to develop a nuclear power plant on the schedule determined by the Vietnamese government,\u201d said Hisanori Nei, a former director at Japan\u2019s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency who checked compliance with nuclear export safety standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japan had previously been expected to build the second plant. But in December 2025, they withdrew<\/a> from the project, citing timeline concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo Japanese company can guarantee that timeline,\u201d Nei said. \u201cIf the Vietnamese government were rather flexible, maybe the Japanese consortium could discuss. But so far, the Vietnamese government has determined the timeline to be fixed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Human resources pose another challenge, with the first two plants needing<\/a> at least 2,500 specialised engineers and technicians to operate them. While hundreds of students were trained<\/a> in nuclear engineering in both Russian and Vietnamese universities for the 2016 nuclear project, the field has dwindled sharply after the project was shelved. In 2025, Vietnam only counted around 400 nuclear power workers, according to EVN<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The country now plans<\/a> to train around 4,000 specialists by 2035. Even so, analysts believe the timeline will likely slip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDelay is almost guaranteed,\u201d Giang said. \u201cBut delay would not be the worst outcome. A rushed nuclear project that fails would be far more dangerous, and no top leader in Vietnam wants to be associated with a nuclear disaster.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EVN did not respond to a request for comment on the project\u2019s timeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writing in Fulcrum, Giang argued<\/a> a 15-year timeline would be more realistic, pointing to international precedents such as Britain\u2019s Hinkley Point C \u2013 ongoing since 2017 and due in 2031 \u2013 and Finland\u2019s Olkiluoto-3, which opened in 2023, 14 years behind schedule. Even China, he noted, averages seven years per reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Julius Cesar Trajano, a research fellow at the Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, shares the scepticism about the 2031 target, but doubts that Vietnam will sacrifice safety for speed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For him, Vietnam\u2019s track record as an active member of the IAEA and ASEANTOM<\/a> \u2013 Southeast Asia\u2019s network of nuclear regulatory bodies \u2013 gives it a stronger foundation for oversight than most of its neighbours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVietnam will not just build up nuclear power without the necessary regulatory and safety infrastructure in place,\u201d Trajano said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A haunting uncertainty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the people of Vinh Tuong, discussions about timelines and potential partners feel distant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a national project. How can we fight back?\u201d said Nhan, a 64-year-old third-generation villager. \u201cWe support the plant, but the compensation must be fair.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
Nhan, a 64-year-old third-generation villager from Vinh Tuong, is worried about the potential loss of livelihoods in the new settlement (Image: Minh Tran)\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Residents are frustrated that over a year after Vietnam\u2019s nuclear revival, the government has yet to put forward a compensation proposal they can agree to. Villagers say the assurances of land and infrastructure at the new settlement won\u2019t help them pay for the costs of rebuilding homes and lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhan has two family graves in the village that will need to be exhumed and relocated. Earlier this year, the government offered VND 15 million (USD 570) per grave, which Nhan said is barely enough to cover the move and erect a new tombstone. By the time of publication, authorities had raised the compensation to VND 24 million (USD 910), a villager told Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Livelihood is another concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe beach here has long been the villagers\u2019 sustenance,\u201d Nhan said, pointing toward the ocean. Even on a bad day, people can go to the shore and come back with crabs or seaweed. \u201cYou can\u2019t starve here.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhan is not sure the new settlement will offer anything similar. What he wants, he said, is for the government to help young people find stable jobs, potentially working in factories. However, no such promises have been made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a different environment, snail farmers like Bay Sang will struggle to find similar jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey will give land for houses, but not for snail farms,\u201d Sang said. \u201cWe are unemployed now. But we will definitely be unemployed there, too.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EVN and the Khanh Hoa Provincial People\u2019s Committee, the local government body overseeing resettlement for the Ninh Thuan 1 and 2 projects, were contacted about the Vinh Tuong villagers\u2019 concerns, but did not respond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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