{"id":60135732,"date":"2026-06-02T16:43:59","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T15:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60135732"},"modified":"2026-06-02T16:44:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T15:44:03","slug":"mexico-pushes-sustainable-fracking-in-drive-for-energy-sovereignty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/mexico-pushes-sustainable-fracking-in-drive-for-energy-sovereignty\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexico pushes \u2018sustainable fracking\u2019 in drive for energy sovereignty"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mexico is determined to reduce its dependence on foreign energy. As the administration weighs up possible strategies, president Claudia Sheinbaum has tasked a group of scientists with considering the \u201csustainable\u201d fracking of unconventional gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The proposal has been met with scepticism by experts, activists, and residents of areas that have already been damaged by oil and gas extraction. They question the available evidence and economic viability of fracking methods that minimise environmental damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dialogue Earth consulted Carla Flores Lot, a member of the socio-environmental research group CartoCr\u00edtica: \u201cFracking, without a doubt, compromises the availability of water for human use, fertile soil, the health of communities, and healthy ecosystems, in addition to inducing earthquakes that can compromise the stability of human systems on the surface.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fracking involves drilling vertical wells, into which millions of litres of fresh water<\/a>, sand and chemicals are injected to extract hydrocarbons (usually gas or oil) trapped in the rock. Studies have suggested<\/a> these chemicals and the associated leakage risks threaten the environment and human health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mexican government\u2019s scientific group will explore alternatives, such as substituting fresh water for other substances. Another avenue being considered is the reuse of \u201cproduced water\u201d, the term used for any water that is extracted from the earth alongside hydrocarbons during fracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The proposal also suggests using the latest technology to prevent leaks into aquifers. At a press conference<\/a> in early April, Sheinbaum said fracking can now be achieved using organic chemicals, producing fewer environmental impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf we are going to exploit unconventional gas, it has to be done in a sustainable way,\u201d Sheinbaum said as she announced the committee of scientists. They will have two months to assess the possibility of green fracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite these assurances, environmental experts remain concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

High cost, scarce water<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The notion of sustainable fracking clashes with Mexico\u2019s hydrological and economic realities, according to several experts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fracking a \u201ctypical\u201d well requires<\/a> anywhere from 6.8 million to 61 million litres of water, according to <\/a>the US Geological Survey. And according to the National Council for Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (Conahcyt) of Mexico, 14,500 wells would be required<\/a> to extract just 10% of the country\u2019s prospective unconventional oil and gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Conahcyt study also asserts that 37% of these unconventional resources are in areas already experiencing severe water shortages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the director of CartoCr\u00edtica, Manuel Llano: \u201cWhen you calculate the number of wells that would have to be drilled in the area and the amount of water they would require, the result is higher than the total amount of water available in those basins and aquifers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"man<\/div>
A farmer in Veracruz watches an oil well operating next to the land where he grows his crops. Water consumption is the main concern about fracking among local communities and environmentalists (Image: Ana Alicia Osorio)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Methods that reuse water are costlier, says the regional geology and energy systems specialist, Luca Ferrari. This is due to the requisite purification processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studies undertaken in the US state of New Mexico have explored<\/a> the feasibility of reusing produced water; one suggests<\/a> its possible use in agriculture. Environmental groups, however, have strongly objected<\/a> to reusing produced water in the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another study<\/a>, produced by an Argentine university in 2018, found that the treatment process for recycling produced water would be costly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn practice, using recycled water is not very common because it costs a lot, even in the United States, where they\u2019ve been doing this for 20 years and have already tried everything,\u201d explains Ferrari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In China, companies have begun fracking using carbon dioxide. This method reduces<\/a> the need for fresh water but it is not yet widely used internationally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ferrari and Llano say fracking in Mexico would also require importing equipment and materials from the US, which, combined with the cost of water reuse, would make it economically unfeasible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy sovereignty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the context of the current Gulf conflict, Sheinbaum\u2019s fracking push has taken on fresh relevance. Aleida Azamar, a professor at the Metropolitan Autonomous University, explains that Mexico is highly dependent on the US for gas exports. It accounts<\/a> for 75% of Mexican gas consumption, according to the Ministry of Energy (Sener).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The disruption to the Strait of Hormuz, an important thoroughfare for the oil trade, has led to fluctuating prices and highlighted the risks of dependence upon a single supplier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mexico consumes around 9.6 billion cubic feet of gas monthly, of which 7.3 billion are imported, according to Sener. The <\/a>US Energy Information Administration notes<\/a> a sustained increase in annual imports, rising from 2.2 trillion cubic feet in 2023 to 2.4 trillion in 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With fracking, the state-owned hydrocarbon company <\/a>Mexican Petroleum (Pemex) aims to achieve a phased increase in gas production, reaching 8.6 billion cubic feet per day by 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Betting on building the infrastructure for fracking seems to me like an illogical move<\/blockquote>Aleida Azamar, energy expert, Metropolitan Autonomous University<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Other Latin American countries have increased investments in decarbonisation, often with the financial backing of Chinese companies. Mexico has committed to increasing the renewable energy share of its energy mix from 24% to 38% by 2030, but investment from China has been limited due to pressure from the US, as well as a policy to favour state-owned companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe are betting on building the infrastructure [for fracking] right when the costs of solar, wind and other renewable energy sources are already lower than those of gas,\u201d Azamar says. \u201cIt seems to me like an illogical move.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resistance to fracking<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since Sheinbaum\u2019s left-wing Morena party came to power in 2018, Mexico\u2019s national policy has opposed fracking. In 2024, then-president Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador sent a <\/a>bill<\/a> to congress banning it. The bill failed to advance through the legislative process before he was replaced by Sheinbaum later that year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the start of the Morena government, there were already more than 8,400 wells<\/a> across Mexico, according to the now-defunct <\/a>National Hydrocarbons Commission (CNH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sheinbaum herself is a climate change scientist and, as a Morena leader, has also <\/a>previously opposed<\/a> fracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her sudden policy shift has therefore sparked opposition from Indigenous communities, such as Reforma Escol\u00edn in Veracruz on the east coast. There, residents say fracking dried up springs and streams, forcing them to rely on water trucks and bottled water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"profile<\/div>
Residents of the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Veracruz and San Luis protest fracking in February (Image: Alianza Mexicana Contra el Fracking)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople are suffering; people are spending money. You have to buy water, when water is a vital liquid for everyone,\u201d says Pastora Garcia, an activist and homemaker. She fears this lack of water access will worsen if fracking expands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farmers in Mexico\u2019s Indigenous community of Rafael Rosas, located in an area with high fracking potential, are also wary of Sheinbaum\u2019s shift. Since February, the farmers\u2019 plots have been flooded with crude oil \u2013 the result of a Pemex spill. While not related to fracking, this spill is showing the community how extractive industries can affect the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gloria Dom\u00ednguez is one of the farmers whose land was devastated by this spill: \u201cThey are violating our rights, because we too have the right to a dignified life, a healthy life, and a healthy environment.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The government says fracking can be environmentally friendlier but experts and communities are not so sure<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000973,"featured_media":60135755,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[50041599,50041542],"hashtags":[],"country":[50002597],"class_list":["post-60135732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-consumption","tag-natural-gas","country-mexico"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMexico pushes \u2018sustainable fracking\u2019 in drive for energy sovereignty | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The government says fracking can be environmentally friendlier but experts and communities are not so sure\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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