{"id":60150483,"date":"2026-09-09T19:17:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T18:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60150483"},"modified":"2026-09-09T19:17:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T18:17:56","slug":"basic-chinese-knowledge-sharing-dims-thai-rail-job-prospects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/basic-chinese-knowledge-sharing-dims-thai-rail-job-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Basic\u2019 Chinese knowledge sharing dims Thai rail job prospects"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This article was originally written in Thai.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A dream that is yet to arrive. That is how rail technician Komcharn Kaewprasert describes his experience under the tech transfer platform of the Thai-Chinese high-speed rail project. The 28-year-old finds his once-bright career prospects dimmed by ground realities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A decade ago, Komcharn enrolled in a new rail transport systems course<\/a> at Banphai College in Khon Kaen province, north-eastern Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI dreamt of not having to worry about unemployment, having a high salary, and enjoying numerous rail technician job offers,\u201d he told Dialogue Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe spent four months learning Chinese language and another four months studying basic maintenance of suspension systems and rail tracks alongside Chinese students,\u201d Komcharn recalled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The course had been jointly developed by Thailand\u2019s Office of the Vocational Education Commission and China\u2019s Wuhan Railway Vocational College of Technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was among several initiatives to formalise the transfer of Chinese technology to the Thai workforce as part of the USD 15 billion high-speed rail project to connect Bangkok with Kunming in southern China via the existing rail network in Laos. Such transfer was a requirement under a deal<\/a> signed by the Thai and Chinese governments in 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project, part of China\u2019s Belt and Road infrastructure initiative, is funded by Thai taxpayers and uses<\/a> Chinese construction technologies and high-speed rail systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reality bites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Initially, the government predicted the first half of the 609 km line would open to the public in 2023 but that milestone has since been pushed to 2030. Current activities mainly involve civil engineering works, such as building foundations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means Komcharn\u2019s dream of having a highly paid job in a new industry has yet to become reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

After graduating from the programme, he found work at existing rail networks and Bangkok\u2019s electrified mass rail transit systems. But his salary was lower than he had expected because his credentials were not highly valued. His employers told him others could pick up his knowledge through on-the-job learning, he shared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLess than half of my classmates who joined the course in China have worked in rail transport systems,\u201d said Komcharn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He eventually decided to take a job at a postal service provider and later at a construction company. Komcharn  continues to hope that once the high-speed rail project begins, he will find a job in the field he trained for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Basic\u2019 level of technology transfer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So far, tech transfer efforts have centred on joint high-speed train courses<\/a> among Thai and Chinese educational institutions, the provision of training in China, and field trips for Thai students and personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Based on a Dialogue Earth review of university announcements and news reports, at least 10 Thai universities have jointly developed high-speed rail curricula with Chinese counterparts. Among them is Kasetsart University, which partnered<\/a> with China\u2019s Southwest Jiaotong University in 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kasetsart\u2019s engineering lecturer Wichai Siwakosit told Dialogue Earththat the tech transfer has centred on maintaining trains and rail systems, work that mainly involves technicians rather than engineers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAt present, knowledge transfer is still at the basic level. We may have to wait until there are actual train procurements [from China] to have additional knowledge transfer,\u201d said Wichai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That \u201cbasic level\u201d of knowledge transfer appears incomparable to the depth of the tech transfer contracts signed by Beijing with multinational firms in the mid-2000s, when they procured high-speed trains from French, German, Canadian and Japanese companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to a 2015 study<\/a> by researchers Yatang Lin, Yu Qin and Zhuan Xie of the London School of Economics (LSE), those contracts required train models to be co-designed with Chinese engineers, access to train blueprints, instructions on manufacturing procedures, and engineering training. The study found that this tech transfer spurred knowledge spillovers to universities\u2019 research activities, fostering indigenous technological innovation in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pramual Suteecharuwat is an opposition MP with the People\u2019s Party and former engineering lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. He told Dialogue Earth that tech transfer must go beyond providing technology like trains and training and field trips. It should focus on building human resources that will play a role in advancing Thailand\u2019s development, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor the high-speed rail project, we must set a five- or 10-year plan for what kind of expertise will be developed. It doesn\u2019t necessarily have to be the capability to produce high-speed trains in their entirety, but some parts of them. We can set other goals such as making Thailand a supply chain that provides parts to China or requiring that every Chinese-built train uses Thailand-made glass components,\u201d said Pramual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe government must find a way to impose conditions that will transform technology transfer into an industry that will create jobs and increase the incomes of Thai people,\u201d Pramual added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A subject-matter mismatch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the development of the first stretch of the rail line,Thai companies have mainly secured<\/a> \u201ccivil works\u201d contracts for building tracks and passenger terminals. While China Railway International Co and China Railway Design Corporation have been awarded<\/a> contracts in signalling works and rolling stock, meaning trains and carriages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pramual revealed that training courses provided for Thai professionals and lecturers in 2020 only involved civil works, and suggested that this is a mismatch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He said the government should demand technology transfer in rolling stock manufacturing first, as it is where Thailand currently has the least expertise. The second and third priorities should go to signalling works and electrical systems, again based on the levels of domestic capacity. And the least important priority is civil works, where Thailand already has strong expertise, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCivil works is where Thailand\u2019s expertise lies. Many Thai companies have engaged in the construction of high-speed rail projects overseas,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt demonstrates a lack of understanding [of policymakers]. There has been a high turnover of decision-makers at the Ministry of Transport, leading to policy discontinuity,\u201d MP Pramual added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The deputy minister of transport, Siripong Angkasakulkiat, told Dialogue Earth that he has set a goal for the high-speed rail project to use at least 40% locally manufactured parts, with plans to gradually increase that share to 100%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though he provided no timeline, the deputy minister believes the goal will pave the way for Thailand to capitalise on its existing knowledge to further develop other rail systems, ultimately becoming a parts exporter; in a similar manner to how Thailand has become a base for manufacturing and exporting electric vehicle parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Better than nothing\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, a Chinese company supplied<\/a> Banphai College with a train driver simulator, as part of the Lu Ban High-Speed Railway Institute, a joint effort of Banphai and Wuhan Railway Vocational College of Technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"two<\/div>
When a Chinese company gave Banphai College a train driving simulator, it was mainly for the cameras according to the chair of the Thai agency leading the tech transfer effort (Image: Xinhua \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Chotchai Charoenngam, chair of the RTRDA, the agency tasked with leading the tech transfer effort, told a seminar<\/a> last year that the simulator was an example of how China overstated the extent of its tech transfer to Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He said that once students had tried it and pictures had been taken, knowledge transfer could be reported as complete. Under the contracts between Thai and Chinese training institutions, knowledge transfer had been \u201cpaltry\u201d and \u201cthe bare minimum.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thampaphol Ketnok, a division head at Banphai college, said the number of student enrolments in its rail transport course has dropped from its peak of 30 to 6. The delays in the high-speed rail project have diminished job prospects in the field, Thampaphol added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leadership of the tech transfer program was originally assigned to the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA). But in 2021 that role fell to the newly established RTRDA (Rail Technology Research and Development Agency). For Chotchai, lack of clarity on RTRDA\u2019s mandate has made it challenging for the agency to take initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Ekkarut Viyanit, director of the NSTDA\u2019s rail and modern transport research group, the agency has focused on research and development. It has been running a joint lab with rail systems manufacturer CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co and, since 2024, sending participants annually to an intensive two-week training in China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis training has equipped Thailand with knowledge [in theory] that we can further apply. But successful technology transfer would require actual practices in real-world settings, and this is yet to be fulfilled,\u201d Ekkarut said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A former executive of a technical college involved in the joint curriculum development told Dialogue Earth the basic level of China\u2019s tech transfer is \u201cbetter than nothing\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lesson learnt for future negotiations?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Construction of the second and last stretch of the high-speed rail line is expected<\/a> to start\u00a0later this year with the aim of opening to the public in 2032.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekkarut believes that Thailand should learn from the first phase to ensure better tech transfer efforts are made under the second phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe were inexperienced then. Whatever they [Chinese counterparts] told us to accept, we just followed suit. From now on, we must be more strategic with our technology transfer demands, such as ensuring that it covers signalling works and rolling stock,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Thai-Chinese high-speed rail project plays a key role in fulfilling Beijing’s aspiration<\/a> for rail connectivity from Kunming down to Singapore. Pramual, the opposition MP, pointed out that Thailand should use this leverage to negotiate higher-value tech transfer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut the technology transfer negotiation for the second phase is still in doubt. We need visionary negotiators who have strong political will. So far, I haven\u2019t seen anyone trying to use the leverage of this project to advance Thailand\u2019s technological capability,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Translation and additional reporting by Surasak Glahan.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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