{"id":60151679,"date":"2026-09-21T01:14:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T00:14:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?p=60151679"},"modified":"2026-09-21T01:17:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T00:17:41","slug":"can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/","title":{"rendered":"Can a Chinese AI weather system help Pakistan manage the impacts of a changing climate?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first time Muhammad Irfan Virk entered the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) in Beijing, in 2024, he was captivated. \u201cI was proud of how far we had leapfrogged technologically, especially over the last two years,\u201d said the director of Pakistan\u2019s National Weather Forecasting Centre. \u201cBut the CMA\u2019s forecasting office was something else \u2013 it was almost sci-fi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Virk was part of a team of Pakistan Meteorological Department forecasters sent to the CMA to help tailor its weather forecasting platform for use in Pakistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The system is known as MAZU, short for \u201cmulti-hazard, alert, zero-gap and universal\u201d. It is also the name of a traditional Chinese sea goddess known as the protector of sailors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The AI system cannot stop extreme weather, said Zaheer Ahmed Babar, the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)\u2019s chief meteorologist and acting director general. But by providing earlier warnings, it can \u201chelp forecasters make better and wiser decisions\u201d, he said. \u201cHow we use that information to reduce losses is up to us.\u201d The PMD has been using a version of MAZU tailored for Pakistan since October 2025, said Yin Shengxin, science attach\u00e9 of the Chinese Embassy in Islamabad. This is alongside other early warning tools, including data from other weather model datasets and satellites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"60097132\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cGiven Pakistan\u2019s pressing needs for early warning capabilities and disaster risk reduction, the two sides jointly developed and deployed the MAZU system, making Pakistan the first country to benefit from this innovative solution,\u201d said Yin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CMA and PMD have a long history of close collaboration, he told Dialogue Earth. Yin added that the cooperation between China and Pakistan on MAZU is being carried out \u201cunder the South-South cooperation on climate change\u201d by the Chinese government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the aftermath of the 26 August floods in regional neighbour Nepal and China, MAZU is also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadailyasia.com\/hk\/article\/639360\">being used<\/a> to assess and forecast local weather conditions for organising rescue efforts, reports China Daily. Using the system, Chinese authorities have reportedly been <a href=\"https:\/\/global.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202609\/03\/WS6a98c8dce4b06d4aa055c11c.html\">providing<\/a> Nepal with daily updates in aspects including the development and risk forecasts of newly formed barrier lakes, and emergency hydrological monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But while AI-weather modelling experts Dialogue Earth spoke to broadly welcome the use of the Chinese model, they say it is not a magic bullet for early warning systems. They also say it is too early to tell whether it can be accurate in Pakistan\u2019s local climate and geographical context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-mazu-takes-centre-stage\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">MAZU takes centre stage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At an April press conference announcing further international cooperation on MAZU\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/pressroom\/2026-04\/29\/content_118469594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expansion<\/a>, CMA administrator Chen Zhenlin said early warning systems offer a cost-effective way to protect lives and property as extreme weather threatens food and energy security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Chinese news reports, at the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eng.sectsco.org\/20260719\/2462053.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference<\/a> held in Shanghai in July, MAZU\u2019s booth proved <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202607\/1366409.shtml\">popular<\/a>, drawing huge crowds that included diplomats, engineers and journalists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its popularity may have been boosted by Chinese President Xi Jinping namechecking the system in his <a href=\"http:\/\/english.scio.gov.cn\/topnews\/2026-07\/18\/content_118605932.html\">keynote speech<\/a> at the conference. \u201cTo further support global AI development and advance global AI capacity building, I hereby announce that in the next five years, China will provide developing countries with 5,000 opportunities in AI training and seminar programs\u2026 and enable 30 countries to use the AI-powered meteorological warning system, or MAZU,\u201d he told attendees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Babar of PMD said MAZU can be tailored to a country\u2019s geography, infrastructure and disaster risks by integrating local meteorological data. Pakistani researchers and forecasters were trained to use a version calibrated to Pakistan\u2019s data, he noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MAZU has also been <a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s\/Fewa8Td5Oi_mnprPzeYjQQ\">deployed<\/a> in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Mongolia, Jordan, Sri Lanka and the Solomon Islands. China is also supporting over 40 countries with cloud-based, virtual trials of the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat makes the platform valuable is that it brings conventional meteorology, satellite and radar data, ground-station observations and local calibration together with AI insights and warnings,\u201d said Asim Javid, CEO of\u00a0AI Geo Navigators, which uses AI, mapping data and remote sensing to gauge weather and environmental risk. \u201cHaving all these inputs integrated in one place changes how forecasters work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-from-insight-to-real-world-validation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">From insight to real-world validation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While AI-based weather tools support early warning systems, these are not \u201cstand-alone systems sufficient to address our gaps\u2026 At least, not yet,\u201d said climatologist Imran Khalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An effective early warning system, Babar explained, requires a whole-of-government approach built around four basic components: disaster risk management, detection and forecasting, dissemination and communication, and preparedness and response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"80561\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This holistic approach is endorsed by Junaid Yamin, co-founder of&nbsp;WeatherWalay, a Pakistani subscription weather forecast service. But the success of the hydrometeorology sector \u2013 the study of water and energy transfer between land and atmosphere \u2013 ultimately depends on effective public-private collaboration, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cNo single institution can tackle climate change alone. It requires breaking silos, sharing data and aligning government, business and civil society around a common mission,\u201d said Yamin. In countries with strong weather systems, he said, governments, businesses and communities work together, from collecting data and issuing warnings to taking action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Javid echoed this, arguing that weather data should be \u201copen source\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cRain and heat trigger many weather-related hazards, affecting businesses from telecom and banking to agriculture,\u201d he said. \u201cAccess to weather data can help businesses design products that reduce disaster losses.\u201d The WMO has been pushing for more \u201cfree and unrestricted exchange\u201d of observational weather data through its <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/wmo-unified-data-policy-resolution-res1\">2021 unified data policy<\/a> and its 2024\u201327 <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/wmo-strategic-plan-2024-2027-enarruzh\">strategy<\/a>, the latter emphasising partnerships with the private sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-only-as-good-as-the-data-feeding-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Only as good as the data feeding it<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Explaining how weather forecasts are generated, Babar said the atmosphere is \u201cinherently chaotic\u201d. Even small changes in air pressure, temperature, wind and humidity can make accurate forecasting impossible through conventional methods alone, he noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is where systems like MAZU can help. \u201cIt can solve complex mathematical equations in seconds, enabling forecasters to make faster, more timely decisions,\u201d noted Babar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But these systems are only as good as the weather data feeding it. \u201cUnless we have good data, we will still be guessing and we will still be blind to the [potential] weather impacts,\u201d said Khalid. Such programmes can predict major events such as monsoons and heatwaves. However, precise forecasts \u2013 such as when the monsoon will reach a particular valley in a mountainous region, or whether heat will trigger a glacial lake outburst flood \u2013 require dense, evenly distributed radar coverage that Pakistan lacks, he noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-accordion block--accordion\"><span class=\"block--accordion__title\">What is a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF)?<\/span><div class=\"block--accordion__content\"><div class=\"block--accordion__content__inner\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sudden release of water from a lake formed by meltwater from a mountain glacier, which is held back by ice or a moraine (rocks and sediment carried along by the glacier).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u26a0\ufe0f These floods can be prompted by an earthquake, avalanche or the accumulation of too much meltwater. GLOFs are often extremely destructive, and are a growing threat in the Himalayan watershed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cPakistan is a hard case,\u201d noted Javid. Ground stations are sparse, and in the country\u2019s northern mountainous regions, terrain elevation can change dramatically over a few kilometres. \u201cEvents that kill people \u2013 highly localised extreme rainfall and flash floods \u2013 happen at scales smaller than most global models [can forecast],\u201d he noted. MAZU cannot predict weather at the 1-km level, he said, and neither can most US and European models, which generally operate at around a 9-km resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another problem, said Javid, is that it is commonly assumed \u2013 even by decision makers \u2013 that AI systems automatically produce highly accurate results. \u201cIt still depends entirely on the observations and models behind it,\u201d he explained. \u201cA model learns from what has happened before, and the events we most need warnings for are the ones with the thinnest historical record.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These gaps limit how precisely AI can forecast weather at the local level. \u201cWithout detailed ground data, AI tools can effectively hallucinate, producing confident local forecasts with no real observational basis, resulting in serious consequences,\u201d Khalid warned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He said models can miss highly localised events, such as intense rain over a few neighbourhoods, or a cyclone\u2019s precise landfall timing and location, leaving communities unprepared. \u201cThis is why localised radar data is crucial.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Peshawar-flood_Alamy_2RNCBRP.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Peshawar-flood_Alamy_2RNCBRP-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Peshawar-flood_Alamy_2RNCBRP-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Peshawar-flood_Alamy_2RNCBRP.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"people stand on high ground near muddy flood\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Floods in 2016 badly impacted Peshawar in Pakistan\u2019s north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The city, located in a valley, is vulnerable to flash floods from heavy rainfall in the surrounding mountains (Image: IMAGO \/ Xinhua \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Peshawar-flood_Alamy_2RNCBRP.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"3 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1713\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Model outputs need to be independently cross-checked, while the systems themselves must be trained to account for Pakistan\u2019s ground realities, he emphasised. This includes training on historical weather patterns and flagging uncertainties about results it produces where there are data gaps. Its outputs must also account for institutional constraints such as delays in communication between government agencies, and lack of sufficient expert staffing and monitoring equipment, Khalid noted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the challenge may extend beyond data and equipment. He questioned the PMD\u2019s technical capacity to manage the system, citing a World Bank-funded weather radar project that was ultimately <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1925362\">scrapped<\/a>, and an obsolete existing radar network long overdue for replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\"><br\/>MAZU should make professional judgement sharper, not optional<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Asim Javid, CEO,\u00a0AI Geo Navigators<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Javid pointed to another consideration: accountability. The use of an AI-supported system such as MAZU introduces additional model outputs \u2013 or predictions based on processed data \u2013 and automated guidance. These should be documented, while the authorised PMD forecaster retains responsibility for putting out the public warning, he noted. \u201cIf a warning goes out, or an event is missed, someone has to be able to explain what produced that call. That needs traceability [of technical decisions] and a forecaster in the loop,\u201d he said. \u201cEvery warning should have a clear audit trail showing the observations, model outputs, thresholds and professional judgement behind it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He added that MAZU should make this judgement \u201csharper, not optional\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To see if MAZU really works better than existing systems, Javid said he would use three simple measures, and \u201cset the rules before the season starts, not after seeing what happened\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, he said, he would test how accurate MAZU\u2019s forecasts are against PMD\u2019s existing system and an independent benchmark, such as a recognised global forecasting system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The second test would be hazard detection: \u201cCan MAZU accurately identify dangerous weather events, not just predict ordinary weather?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The third would be its practical value: how much extra warning time does it provide, and how many false alarms does it generate? \u201cFor a deputy commissioner [the most senior administrator of a district], three extra hours to prepare can matter more than a small gain in temperature accuracy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He added that he would test it for \u201ctwo monsoon seasons at minimum, along with winter and mountain [terrain] cases. If MAZU proves better on forecast skill, hazard detection and lead time, it adds real value. Otherwise, it\u2019s a well-designed platform, not a validated one\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MAZU offers faster forecasts and supports early warning systems. But its effectiveness depends on quality of data and disaster response capacity, experts say<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000276,"featured_media":60151695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[543,597],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,20000112],"class_list":["post-60151679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-extreme-weather","tag-technology","country-china","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Can a Chinese AI weather system help Pakistan manage the impacts of a changing climate? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MAZU offers faster forecasts and supports early warning systems. But its effectiveness depends on quality of data and disaster response capacity, experts say\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can a Chinese AI weather system help Pakistan manage the impacts of a changing climate?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MAZU offers faster forecasts and supports early warning systems. But its effectiveness depends on quality of data and disaster response capacity, experts say\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-21T00:14:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-21T00:17:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Mazu-Shanghai-conference_Alamy_3F2RBGP-1-scaled-e1789743948796.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Zofeen Ebrahim\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Zofeen Ebrahim\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d91df35010c167c1b41d1320fd75e5d5\"},\"headline\":\"Can a Chinese AI weather system help Pakistan manage the impacts of a changing climate?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-21T00:14:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-21T00:17:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\"},\"wordCount\":1783,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Mazu-Shanghai-conference_Alamy_3F2RBGP-1-scaled-e1789743948796.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Extreme weather\",\"Technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/\",\"name\":\"Can a Chinese AI weather system help Pakistan manage the impacts of a changing climate? | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-a-chinese-ai-system-help-pakistan-manage-the-impacts-of-a-changing-climate\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Mazu-Shanghai-conference_Alamy_3F2RBGP-1-scaled-e1789743948796.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-21T00:14:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-21T00:17:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"MAZU offers faster forecasts and supports early warning systems. 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