{"id":67953,"date":"2020-10-22T15:28:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T15:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=67953"},"modified":"2022-08-12T10:37:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T10:37:19","slug":"coal-highway-through-sumatran-forest-threatens-wildlife-and-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/coal-highway-through-sumatran-forest-threatens-wildlife-and-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Coal highway through Sumatran forest threatens wildlife and people"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sutoyo, a forest conservation supervisor in Sumatra\u2019s Harapan forest, points to scratch marks where a sun bear has gouged the black bark of a <em>Dehaasia caesia<\/em> tree exposing the bright red wood beneath. The bears, black with bright yellow patches on their chests, are among hundreds of vulnerable species threatened by the plans of Indonesian mining companies to build a highway through the forest in Jambi and South Sumatra provinces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other species threatened by the road include elephants and Sumatran tigers, both of which the IUCN has listed as critically endangered. Only around 400 Sumatran tigers are thought to survive in the wild, in a small area of the island.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sutoyo works for PT Restorasi Ekosistem Indonesia (PT Reki), which is surveying the forest\u2019s biodiversity in the areas most directly threatened by the planned new road. Civil society has called for the road to be built outside the Harapan forest concession area. But Siti Nurbaya, the minister of environment and forestry, has brushed aside concerns that the route would harm animals endemic to Sumatra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-china-market\">China market<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In October 2019, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry granted a forest area utilisation permit (known in Indonesia as an IPPKH) to build the road through the Harapan forest. The permit is held by PT Marga Bara Jaya, a unit of Rajawali Corporation which is owned by tycoon Peter Sondakh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three coal-mining companies \u2013 PT Triaryani, PT Gorby Putra Utama, and PT Barasentosa Lestari \u2013 own mining concessions covering a combined area of more than 30,000 hectares in the North Musi Rawas region of South Sumatra, with coal reserves of around 1 billion metric tonnes. The coal is primarily exported to China and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2017, Indonesia shipped 109 million metric tonnes to China,&nbsp;40.2% of China\u2019s coal import total and more than any other exporting nation. In 2018, this grew to 125 million tonnes \u2013 25% of Indonesia\u2019s coal exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-multiple-industries-will-gain\">Multiple industries will gain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Harapan forest is a 98,555 hectare primary rainforest adjacent to industrial plantation forests, oil palm plantations and coal mining concessions. When complete, the 88km highway will allow firms holding coal and oil palm concessions to transport their commodities more quickly to a port along the Bayung Lencir River. At present, poor infrastructure restricts the output of the three mining companies. The current road is narrow and potholed in places. \u201cOn average, it takes three days to transport coal from the mining area to the port,\u201d said Ibrahim, the head of external affairs for PT Triaryani<em>. <\/em>\u201cIn one day, we can only transport around 1,000 tonnes of coal because of the lack of road access&#8230; In fact, we\u2019re able to produce more,\u201d he said.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-story-image aligncenter block--story-image block--story-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--story-image__column\"><div class=\"block--story-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px-1400x934.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px-1800x1200.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px.jpg\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 999px) 1024px, (max-width: 1400px) 1400px, (max-width: 2000px) 2000px, 2560px\" alt=\"The coal mine owned by PT Triaryani in South Sumatra\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--story-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--story-image__caption\">The coal mine owned by PT Triaryani in South Sumatra, 18 June 2020 (TEMPO\/ Erwan Hermawan)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-2_2560px.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Adiosyafri, research and campaign director of <a href=\"https:\/\/hutaninstitute.or.id\/\">Hutan Kita Institute<\/a>, an environmental NGO based in South Sumatra, said putting a mining road through this ecosystem restoration area, designated in 2004 by the Ministry of Forestry and managed through a public-private partnership, would disrupt biodiversity, and \u201conly benefit mining and oil palm companies in North Musi Rawas\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Road-building company PT Marga Bara Jaya has chosen the shortest route, meaning the new highway will run through the Harapan forest for 26km. According to the construction company\u2019s environmental impact assessment, the new road would be 40 metres wide with eight metres of drainage on both sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The document acknowledged that the road will cut through the habitat and crossing areas of Sumatran tigers and elephants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rich-in-biodiversity\">Rich in biodiversity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PT Reki\u2019s survey found that at least 620 animal species exist in the Harapan forest, which covers an area one and half times the size of Indonesia\u2019s sprawling capital, Jakarta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of these, 102 animal species are endangered because of habitat degradation due to land being converted into plantations and mining areas. They include sun bears, listed as vulnerable on the IUCN\u2019s Red List of endangered species, which notes \u201cthe most beneficial conservation measure in Indonesia and Malaysia would be protection of remaining forests from conversion to other land-uses.\u201d Harapan forest is also home to 74 reptiles and amphibians, including the endangered spiny turtle and the world\u2019s rarest species of stork. The storm\u2019s stork shares the forest with 306 other bird species. Endemic to Sumatra\u2019s forests, the stork has a pinkish-red bill, and adorned a&nbsp;series of Sumatran stamps in 2009. There is also great floral diversity. At least 1,130 types of plants grow in the forest. Some are critically endangered, including<em>&nbsp;Dyera costulata<\/em>&nbsp;and Bornean ironwood (<em>Dipterocarpus<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-story-image aligncenter block--story-image block--story-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--story-image__column\"><div class=\"block--story-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 999px) 1024px, (max-width: 1400px) 1400px, (max-width: 2000px) 2000px, 2560px\" alt=\"Storm Stork\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--story-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--story-image__caption\">Storm\u2019s stork (Image: Hemis \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/2BX2TX5_Storm-Stork-scaled-e1603378886923.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"391 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sustainable-forest-products\">Sustainable forest products<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Indigenous communities, including the Anak Dalam Batin Sembilan, also rely on the forest for non-timber products, such as rattan, dammar gum (used in incense, bath salts and artists varnishes), <em>jelutung <\/em>resin, and honey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jupri, who is the customary chief of the Batin Sembilan community, says his people are used to growing plants and rice in the forest to meet their daily needs. They also use forest plants to treat illness. \u201cIt would be impossible to go to the hospital because it\u2019s too far,\u201d he said. The Batin Sembilan people\u2019s home area in the forest is one and a half hours journey from the nearest village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harapan forest is also a water source for the Meranti and Batang Kapas rivers of South Sumatra, as well as the source of the Meranti and Lalan Sungai rivers in Jambi. The Batang Kapas and Meranti rivers are, in turn, sources for the Musi River, which passes through the provincial capital of Palembang before it empties into the Malacca Strait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The forest also holds 10 small lakes that collect water. Clearing the forest for the mining road would disrupt its function as a water source, a biodiversity habitat, and the source of livelihood of the Batin Sembilan people, said Hospita Simanjuntak, PT Reki\u2019s communications manager.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-story-image aligncenter block--story-image block--story-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--story-image__column\"><div class=\"block--story-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px-1400x934.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px-1800x1200.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px.jpg\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 999px) 1024px, (max-width: 1400px) 1400px, (max-width: 2000px) 2000px, 2560px\" alt=\"A coal truck passing through Harapan Forest\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--story-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--story-image__caption\">A coal truck passing through Harapan forest, 17 June 2020 (TEMPO\/ Erwan Hermawan)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Investigasi-3_2560px.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-road-to-more-mining\">A road to more mining<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PT Marga Bara Jaya operations manager, Adi Wahyudi, dismissed the environmental and biodiversity concerns. Adi said the company would follow procedures in line with the environmental impact assessment approved by the environment and forestry ministry and stressed that the company would coordinate with PT Reki to protect wildlife.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For coal companies, the road provides an opportunity to massively increase mining and exports. Ibrahim, PT Triaryani&#8217;s head of external affairs, said the narrow road has constricted business. Triaryani\u2019s 2,143 hectare concession contains at least 406 million tonnes of coal, yet only 20 hectares has been mined so far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have the largest coal reserve compared to other companies here,\u201d said Ibrahim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the current road\u2019s capacity is only 400 trucks per day, and there are deep potholes which turn muddy when it rains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shifting from the existing muddy road to a brand new highway carries the risk of increasing illegal activities in the forest. Besides disrupting animal habitat, PT Reki fears the road will also worsen conflicts between farmers and the Batin Sembilan community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hospita said that clearing the forest for the mining road could also make it easy for illegal loggers to enter. Even with the current road, people have been entering the forest area and illegally growing oil palm and cutting down trees, which has triggered conflict. \u201cIf the road is built, these things that threaten the forest will easily enter,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This report was completed in collaboration with the Pulitzer Center and first published in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/majalah.tempo.co\/read\/investigasi\/161100\/investigasi-lobi-lobi-pembukaan-jalan-tambang-di-hutan-harapan\"><em>Majalah Tempo<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mining companies plan to solve a transport bottleneck with a new road that opens up tiger habitat and risks illegal logging<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":85851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039902],"tags":[520,547,556,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040717],"class_list":["post-67953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-coal","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-infrastructure","tag-wildlife","country-indonesia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Coal highway through Sumatran forest threatens wildlife and people | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mining companies plan to solve a transport bottleneck with a new road that opens up tiger habitat and risks illegal logging\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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companies plan to solve a transport bottleneck with a new road that opens up tiger habitat and risks illegal logging","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/coal-highway-through-sumatran-forest-threatens-wildlife-and-people\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/coal-highway-through-sumatran-forest-threatens-wildlife-and-people\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/coal-highway-through-sumatran-forest-threatens-wildlife-and-people\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sumatran-coal-highway-1200px.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Sumatran-coal-highway-1200px.jpeg","width":1200,"height":675,"caption":"Jalan angkut batu bara baru PT MMJ, Juni 2020. (Tempo\/Erwan Hermawan) PT MMJ's new coal haul road, June 2020. 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