{"id":70443,"date":"2021-03-04T16:14:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T16:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=70443"},"modified":"2021-03-15T09:17:17","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T09:17:17","slug":"china-funded-water-project-meets-stiff-opposition-in-the-philippines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/china-funded-water-project-meets-stiff-opposition-in-the-philippines\/","title":{"rendered":"China-funded water project meets stiff opposition in the Philippines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In May 2020, construction restarted<\/a> on one of the most controversial and culturally sensitive megaprojects of President Rodrigo Duterte\u2019s infrastructure drive in the Philippines. Critics say the government\u2019s contract with Chinese firms is unconstitutional and illegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the government\u2019s National Irrigation Administration<\/a>, the Chico River Pump Irrigation Project will increase national rice production by around 36,000 metric tonnes of milled rice annually, and save about US$15 million on rice imports. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project involves building multiple structures including a pump house, sub-station, transmission line, canals and access roads.

In 2019, the government anticipated<\/a> it would benefit more than 4,000 farmers in Kalinga province, and create some 15,000 jobs during its three-year construction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opposing it is a loose alliance of indigenous people\u2019s groups, environmentalists and some national politicians. They have warned of the project\u2019s impact on forests and rivers in the mountainous Cordillera region of Luzon \u2013 the largest of the Philippine islands. They have also questioned the legality of the funding agreement with China Exim development bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The irrigation project is part of Duterte\u2019s signature \u201cBuild, Build, Build\u201d programme to create a vast network of roads, railways, bridges and other infrastructure at an overall cost of US$177 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is forecast to cost 4.37 billion pesos (US$90 million), financed in part by a 3.6 billion peso (US$62 million) loan from China Exim. Duterte signed the funding agreement at a meeting with President Xi Jinping<\/a> at the Boao Forum in 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Work began later that year, and was initially expected<\/a> to finish by the end of 2021 or early 2022, though construction was paused for three months early in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, according<\/a> to the Chinese embassy in the Philippines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Defending indigenous rights<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, the Cordillera People\u2019s Alliance (CPA), a federation of grassroots organisations representing the region\u2019s indigenous communities, denounced the irrigation project<\/a> for violating the Philippine Constitution and the rights of indigenous peoples to self-determination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CPA says the project occupies ancestral lands, that it was greenlighted without free, prior and informed consent from the indigenous peoples of Kalinga and Cordillera, and that the government did not carry out any community consultation before signing the loan agreement with China Exim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Joanna Cari\u00f1o, a member of CPA\u2019s advisory council and a longstanding indigenous peoples\u2019 activist<\/a>, told China Dialogue: \u201cThe [project] is constructed on Pinukpuk ancestral land [in Kalinga province], but the government did not follow its own rules for bringing projects into indigenous peoples\u2019 communities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The CPA also disputes the official account of the project\u2019s benefits, saying it will service only one barangay<\/em> (district) in Pinukpuk areas. The Center for Environmental Concerns \u2013 Philippines (CEC) has warned that many plant and animal species could be harmed by the 8,700-hectare irrigation system, which will draw upon and alter a watershed of about 1,886 square kilometres. Most of this is public land of forest and national parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe loss of these flora and fauna would take years to revitalise,\u201d said Pia Federico, CEC\u2019s training and community services coordinator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federico predicted that, instead of free-flowing irrigation, the project would \u201clead to competition for water use especially during drought periods, increase the turbidity of river flows, particularly during its construction phase, and cause changes in flow patterns downstream due to water diversion.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEC forecasts long-term physical changes to soil, water and air that will alter the health and make-up of ecosystems, facilitate soil erosion, reduce vegetation and increase the risks to threatened freshwater species in the downstream Cagayan River, such as mullet, native catfish, snake-skinned gourami, eel, goby, native snail, clam and giant freshwater prawn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federico said soil erosion and siltation have already resulted from a similar project, the Balog-Balog Irrigation System, located south of the Chico River near the city of Tarlac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Constitutional arguments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Neri Colmenares, a human rights lawyer and former congressman, has petitioned the Philippines\u2019 Supreme Court to declare the loan from China Exim unconstitutional and void. He has asked the court to order the suspension of the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colmenares is a member of Bayan Muna, one of 12 progressive parties within the Makabayan bloc<\/a>, a coalition in the Philippine House of Representatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI obtained a copy [of the loan agreement] when a public official asked me to review the document\u2019s legality, and we discovered it was invalid,\u201d Colmenares told China Dialogue. He explained that loan agreements of this kind often lack detailed information, which goes against the constitution. \u201cDuterte is one of the most un-transparent presidents we\u2019ve had in office,\u201d he added. The loan was also approved before going to the central bank\u2019s Monetary Board, which Colmenares said violates a transparency clause of the constitution mandating prior approval by regulators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is again a case of oppression and discrimination against indigenous peoples, whereby their resources are used for \u2018national development\u2019 even if the project does not benefit them<\/blockquote>Joanna Cari\u00f1o, a member of CPA\u2019s advisory council and a longstanding indigenous peoples\u2019 activist<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The petition has been filed for a year now, but no particular legal conference has been initiated by the court to respond to it. However, the petition was successful in starting a debate about the constitutionality of the loan agreement. Several protests<\/a> and discussions caused delays to the project\u2019s construction back in 2019. The Department of Finance was also forced to release a copy of the document<\/a>, which shows it contains a confidentiality clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colmenares objects to this clause on the grounds that it violates the right of the Filipino people to information on foreign loans. \u201cThe present constitution was crafted to ensure that Filipinos are aware of how public funds are used, especially after Marcos\u2019 dictatorship acquired billions of debt for the country,\u201d the lawyer explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colmenares has advised the indigenous peoples of Kalinga to file a legal case in local courts as primary injured parties of the project. However, in the Philippines indigenous activists are threatened with continuous attacks and intimidation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Activists threatened<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The project is particularly sensitive as it revives memories of a battle for indigenous rights against a World Bank-financed dam and irrigation project on the Chico River in the mid-1960s. Back then the Kalinga martyr Macliing Dulag<\/a> unified Cordillera communities and garnered international media attention. The World Bank eventually withdrew from the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThat experience of development aggression during the Marcos dictatorship has made the indigenous peoples allergic to dams,\u201d CPA advisor Cari\u00f1o said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In January this year, officials dismantled<\/a> a monument commemorating Dulag and other Chico River dam protestors. Prior to its removal, the Department of Public Works and Highways said the monument, built in 2017 on Dulag\u2019s property, \u201cobstructed<\/a>\u201d the road<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"monument<\/div>
Removed earlier this year, this monument in Kalinga province commemorated three community leaders killed during the 1980s while resisting the Chico River dam project (Image: David Stanley<\/a> \/ Flickr<\/a>, CC BY<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Covid-19 lockdown has seen an upsurge in military and police harassment of indigenous activists in the Cordillera region. The military has increased the number of road checkpoints, and in May last year, army helicopters dropped<\/a> counter-insurgency leaflets near Sagada town. The leaflets \u201cred-tagged\u201d activists<\/a> and legitimate progressive groups by linking their names to the Communist Party of the Philippines and its military arm, the New People\u2019s Army. Under fabricated charges, Cordillera\u2019s chief of police has also issued a \u201cshoot-to-kill\u201d order<\/a> against CPA chairperson, Windel Bolinget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is again a case of oppression and discrimination against indigenous peoples, whereby their resources are to be used for so-called \u2018national development\u2019 even if the project does not directly benefit them,\u201d Cari\u00f1o said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although there have been no developments in response to the Supreme Court petition filed by Colmenares, Cari\u00f1o stressed that indigenous communities will continue to resist the project and assert their rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA more practical and viable alternative would be government support for community-managed communal irrigation systems,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lawmakers and indigenous groups oppose a major irrigation project, voicing doubts about President Duterte\u2019s courtship of China<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":70454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[555,556,559],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040715],"class_list":["post-70443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-infrastructure","tag-land-rights","country-philippines"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina-funded water project meets stiff opposition in the Philippines | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lawmakers and indigenous groups oppose a major irrigation project, voicing doubts about President Duterte\u2019s courtship of China\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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