{"id":72319,"date":"2021-06-30T08:00:30","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T08:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=72319"},"modified":"2023-12-20T16:17:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T16:17:09","slug":"china-key-to-vietnams-solar-success","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/china-key-to-vietnams-solar-success\/","title":{"rendered":"China key to Vietnam\u2019s solar success"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vietnam has been a Southeast Asia solar success story. It went from having barely any generation in 2018 to a quarter<\/a> of its total installed capacity being solar \u2013 a 100-fold<\/a> increase in two years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This rapid growth is mainly down to the Vietnamese government\u2019s feed-in tariff which provides a guaranteed above-market price for renewable energy producers; other incentives signed off in 2017 in an attempt to pivot away from lagging<\/a> fossil fuel projects; and cheaper solar panels, some of which are assembled domestically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Around 99% of the installed solar panels in Vietnam come<\/a> from China. At the same time, China is one of the few countries that still lends Vietnam money to build coal plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s future role in Vietnam\u2019s power system will be shaped by the latter’s newest plan for its power sector. The final version of the Power Development Plan 8 is due to be published in June, though it has been postponed before and may be again.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A catalyst for explosive growth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

China dominates the global solar panel industry, producing around 70% of global capacity, says Thu Vu, an energy finance analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). \u201cIt\u2019s nearly impossible for any country that is developing a solar power fleet not to source the equipment from there. This is even more relevant for neighbouring countries such as Vietnam. The economies of scale and steep learning curves of Chinese manufacturers make it easier for them to produce more efficient and cheaper products.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, the Vietnam Business Forum reported<\/a> that the \u201clevelised cost of electricity\u201d \u2013 lifetime costs of generating electricity compared with other technologies \u2013 for solar in Vietnam had fallen dramatically in the preceding four years. Vietnam\u2019s last power development plan, number 7, projected 4 GW of solar installed capacity by 2025. This was much too conservative. By the end of 2020, 16.7 GW had been put in place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rooftop solar expanded particularly rapidly last year because it had a higher feed-in tariff price (US$0.0838 per kWh) than floating solar ($0.0769) and ground solar ($0.0706). With preferential tariff pricing set to expire at the end of the year, more than 10,000<\/a> rooftop solar projects were put into operation in three days, between 29\u201331 December 2020. These added 3 GW of capacity and increased the total installed rooftop capacity to around 7.8 GW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/div>
Solar panels on the roof of a hotel in Ho Chi Minh City. Thanks to high feed-in tariff prices, rooftop solar expanded rapidly in Vietnam from 2018\u20132020. (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Aside from equipment, Chinese businesses have also provided EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) contractors for solar projects, said Thu. \u201cSometimes, these contractors are supported by Chinese banks, which then allows them to provide flexible payment schedules to the project developers in Vietnam and gives them a competitive edge.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B.Grimm Power<\/a> is one company that hired EPC contractors from China for their solar projects in Vietnam, according to Vietnamese media outlet the Leader<\/a>, which added that the company only paid 10% upfront to its Chinese partners, with the rest being paid more than a year later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coal or renewables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cecilia Han Springer, senior researcher with the Global China Initiative at Boston University\u2019s Global Development Policy Center, expects that Chinese companies will become more involved in Vietnam\u2019s solar market in the future due to the proximity and strong trade ties between the countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHowever, I think a very important factor is demand in Vietnam for developing solar projects. China\u2019s overseas electricity investment strategy tends to follow the demand of host countries. That\u2019s why Chinese investment has gone towards coal in Vietnam thus far.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the rise of renewables, Vietnam still relies<\/a> heavily on coal. More than half of the country\u2019s planned coal power plants are facing delays<\/a> but more are still entering the pipeline, with the majority of funds coming<\/a> from China. Springer says the main coal investors are the two policy banks \u2013 China Development Bank (CDB) and China Export-Import Bank (CHEXIM) \u2013 as well as large state-owned enterprises like the Huadian Corporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A coal preparation factory at the Coc 6 open-cast coal mine in Vietnam\u2018s Quang Ninh province. Despite the rise in renewables, the country still relies heavily on coal. (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Chinese banks and enterprises tend to finance fossil fuels globally as well. According to a study<\/a> by Springer\u2019s colleagues at the Global China Initiative, in the last two decades 45% of all the power projects financed by CDB and CHEXIM were coal projects, while solar and wind made up only 2.6%. This is despite China being a solar leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the study, the policy banks have reservations about overseas solar and wind projects because of previous trade disputes<\/a> in Europe, and the requirement for government-to-government involvement which makes it difficult to secure Chinese official development finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China can literally help other countries build whatever form of electric power capacity they want<\/blockquote>Global China Initiative<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cChina, as the world\u2019s largest electric power market, can literally help other countries build whatever form of electric power capacity they want,\u201d the study states, adding that governments will benefit from playing a more proactive role in engaging CDB and CHEXIM for their solar and wind expansion plans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The future picture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vietnam is finalising its national Power Development Plan 8<\/a> (PDP 8), which will lay the foundation for the country\u2019s energy development until 2030 and the vision to 2045.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The draft plan prioritises the growth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, solar and small-scale hydro. However, the plan would see \u201cbaseload coal and gas-fired power continue to dominate 57% of the pipeline to 2030,\u201d according to a report<\/a> from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf Vietnam hopes to diversify its [power] generation mix, meet new demand for clean power and control power tariffs, renewables should arguably play a bigger role in Power Development Plan 8, and not less,\u201d IEEFA said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A wind farm in Vietnam. Though the country\u2019s power development plan prioritises renewables, it would still see coal and gas-fired power dominate two-thirds of the pipeline up to 2030. (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The plan envisages adding 16.8 GW of coal power capacity between 2021 and 2030 and only 2 GW of solar capacity, or less<\/a> than a quarter of the solar capacity added in 2020. The feed-in tariff prices for solar are expected<\/a> to drop to $0.052 \u2013 $0.058 per kWh, depending on the type.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The recent solar boom has overloaded<\/a> the national gird at times and the country doesn\u2019t yet have the storage technology to ensure constant baseload power. Power Development Plan 8 aims to address this problem by allocating $32.9 billion for grid development until 2030, with an additional $52.1 billion until 2045.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vietnam\u2019s commitment to stemming growth in greenhouse gas emissions has shaped the plan. In 2019, the country committed to cutting emissions 9% by 2030, compared with business-as-usual projections from a 2014 baseline. According to its calculations, the new plan will reduce CO2 emissions 15% by 2030 compared to business-as-usual, and 29% by 2045.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plan should have been approved in March, but that was postponed to June. Meanwhile, the economic potential of renewables continues to grow. Recently, electronics giant Samsung said it wants to join<\/a> a trial programme to purchase power directly from renewable power plants instead of the monopoly distributor Vietnam Electricity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A rapid rise in Vietnam\u2019s solar power has been boosted by Chinese finance and technology, but more support is still going to fossil fuels<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3513,"featured_media":72327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[17073,585,593],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,20028207],"class_list":["post-72319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-transition","tag-renewables","tag-solar","country-china","country-vietnam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina key to Vietnam\u2019s solar success<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A rapid rise in Vietnam\u2019s solar power has been boosted by Chinese finance and technology, but more support is still going to fossil fuels\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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