{"id":73465,"date":"2021-10-13T15:44:40","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T15:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=73465"},"modified":"2024-04-12T10:30:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T10:30:59","slug":"yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/","title":{"rendered":"Could the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon be China\u2019s next big national park?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon is a dream destination for many biologists and explorers, its forests a constant source of sightings of rare animals and species new to science. Now, Chinese scientists and conservationists are calling for it to be made a national park.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China\u2019s national park system is under development. Ten trial parks have been set up over the past five years. These include the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park<\/a> in the far northeast of the country, the Giant Panda National Park in the southwest, and the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to the west.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This month, on 12 October, President Xi Jinping announced that five of the trials, including Sanjiangyuan, would be upgraded to formal national parks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government has previously said that by 2025 it will set up a national park-centred system of nature reserves<\/a>, as well as creating new national parks, under China\u2019s 14th Five Year Plan (FYP) for economic and social development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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But at the same time, hydropower development on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River \u2013 which flows on to become the Brahmaputra when it enters India \u2013 is again on the agenda, having been included in both the national 14th FYP<\/a> and the FYP for Tibet<\/a>. The proposed hydropower stations would be built in one of China\u2019s most biodiverse regions. Little is known about their exact locations, but they could be near the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon in M\u00eadog county, where the potential hydropower resource is estimated to be 45GW<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conservationists are concerned about loss of habitat to reservoirs behind any dams, and changes to the river\u2019s flow which could also affect the Indian section of the river. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying told<\/a> media late last year that \u201call projects will go through science-based planning and assessment giving full consideration to impact downstream.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An irreplaceable canyon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Early this year, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, which manages China\u2019s national parks, solicited public opinion online on which areas should be included in the next batch of national park trials, but the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon got some of the fewest votes of all 66 options. M\u00eadog, where the majority of the 500-kilometre canyon is located, was for many years little-known to outsiders, being the last county in China to be connected to the road system in late 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor China, M\u00eadog is irreplaceable,\u201d said Wang Fang, a researcher with Fudan University\u2019s School of Life Sciences. Its isolation has protected it, Wang says, adding that \u201cwhen there was no road, nobody thought anything would change. But now there\u2019s a sense of urgency \u2013 the road makes major engineering projects more feasible, and we could lose things.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, an infrared camera placed in M\u00eadog by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2019 Kunming Institute of Zoology snapped images of a Bengal tiger on the prowl. Local people had occasionally reported seeing tracks they suspected belonged to these animals, but this was the first confirmation<\/a> of their presence. The photos also confirmed that tigers, leopards, snow leopards and clouded leopards coexist in the area and maintain stable populations. This, Wang explains, is not seen anywhere else in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A snow leopard resting in Sanjiangyuan national park. Recent photographs have confirmed that M\u00eadog county is home to stable populations of tigers, leopards, snow leopards and clouded leopards (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The area is also home to Asia\u2019s biggest concentration of ungulates (mammals with hooves). Li Cheng, founder of the Xizi Jiang Conservation Centre, has made multiple trips to the canyon. He and his colleagues have identified<\/a> nine places in Asia where 10 or more ungulates can be found. The lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo are home to 15 species (16 if the Bhutan takin is considered a separate species) \u2013 more than anywhere else in Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rare primates are also present. In 2013, during a survey of wildlife in M\u00eadog, Li took clear photographs of the white-cheeked macaque, a species which a couple of years later he and two other primatologists confirmed<\/a> as a species new to science. Li recalls<\/a> an arduous trek through jungle infested with leeches and ticks and climbing hazardous cliffs to reach the macaque habitat: \u201cI saw and heard them clearly again, by the Meiyu Longba River in the village of Gutang. At the time, they were playing by the water and I was looking down from a nearby mountainside.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Besides its biodiversity, the topography of Yarlung Tsangpo canyon is also spectacular. Considered by some to be the world\u2019s deepest gorge<\/a>, it starts at the village of Daduka at an altitude of 3,000m and runs east, winding around the Namcha Barwa mountain. The river then flows through M\u00eadog and south into India as the Brahmaputra. The canyon is 505km long and up to 6km deep, with an average depth of 2.3km. Its steep V-shaped sides funnel warm moist air from the Indian Ocean north to the plateau, creating a habitat suitable for a broad range of plants and animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A white-cheeked macaque, photographed in M\u00eadog county in 2013 (Image: Li Cheng)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"newly<\/div>
The deep gorges of Yarlung Tsangpo canyon are home to rare wildlife such as this Orthriophis cantoris<\/em> snake which hadn\u2019t been documented in China until 2012 (Image: Li Cheng)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

At its lower end, the canyon is flanked by rainforest. Sky-tickling trees are covered with dazzling orchids and vines, while rufous-necked hornbills swoop in the canopy. On the ground, tropical plants grow, some of their leaves the size of umbrellas. But heading in the opposite direction, to the north, the appearance of the canyon changes until, at an altitude of about 5,000m, there is only snow and ice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Researchers have found that despite only 40km separating the waters of the Yarlung Tsangpo in southern M\u00eadog and the peak of Namcha Barwa, the range of altitude spanning 7.28km means all kinds of vegetation can exist in the area: from tropical monsoon forest to evergreen broadleaf forest, to mixed conifer-and-broadleaf forests, wholly coniferous forests and alpine scrub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I just became lost in the enjoyment of making new findings, it was like the Age of Discovery<\/blockquote>Li Cheng, founder of the Xizi Jiang Conservation Centre<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Yarlung Tsangpo canyon and its surroundings are homes to China\u2019s largest expanse of primary forest<\/a>. The rivers and deep gorges here house isolated populations of plants and animals that have evolved into new species and subspecies \u2013 many of which are as yet unknown to science. Li Cheng says it is always possible to find a previously unknown species there, or sometimes a species that was once identified, but then lost. \u201cOn my first trip there I just became lost in the enjoyment of making new findings,\u201d he says. \u201cIt was like the Age of Discovery.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Three nature reserves already exist in the area \u2013 Kongpo, Cibagou and the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon \u2013 but these are unconnected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those calling for a new, contiguous national park is L\u00fc Zhi, a professor at Peking University\u2019s School of Life Sciences, who suggests the new park should combine the three reserves and small nearby wetland parks. This would have a total area of about 40,000km2<\/sup> (adding more than 10,000km2<\/sup> to the existing protected areas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cProtection of flagship species such as the Bengal tiger, clouded leopard, rufous-necked hornbill and Tibetan cypress will spur overall protection of biodiversity in the region,\u201d said L\u00fc. The Tibetan cypress, a coniferous tree, is unique to Tibet and is found along the lower reaches of the river. The majority<\/a> of individual trees are over a century old, with some over a thousand years old. The canyon lies between China and India, and downstream India is home to a stable population of Bengal tigers. Designating a conservation buffer zone between the two countries would help cross-border conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wang Fang has carried out studies in all three existing reserves in the area. He says they are huge compared to those in eastern China, but have few ranger stations. Conservation efforts are limited to fire prevention and very occasional action against poachers. Nor are relations with local communities very close.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inviting local people into conservation efforts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the Sanjiangyuan National Park, also on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, every household chooses one member to act as park ranger<\/a> who is paid to participate in biodiversity monitoring, conservation and tourism. In the Valley of the Cats<\/a>, an area of the park known for its population of snow leopards, communities hold discussions on what nature experiences will be offered to visitors and how income will be distributed. They host visitors in their own tents and take them out to look for snow leopards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Sanjiangyuan National Park, one member of every household is designated as a park ranger<\/blockquote><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Several of the experts proposing a Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon national park say the Valley of the Cats model could be copied in the proposed park. The area is home to Tibetan, Mona, Lobe and Deng minorities. The highway to M\u00eadog has brought increasing numbers of tourists, which could benefit communities, but too many visitors could be a threat to the environment and therefore the local people who rely on it. Tourism needs to be carefully managed. In the past, many nature reserves asked villagers to move out and forced them to find other livelihoods. The new national park system seeks to find ways for nature and indigenous people to live in harmony. For example, in Sanjiangyuan, herders still live in a traditional way but the government offers them subsidies to reduce the number of yaks they keep and so avoid overgrazing of the habitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cUnder the current system, local people aren\u2019t involved in monitoring and conservation in the reserve. But when scientists visit, they still need local guides \u2013 nobody else knows the reserves as well or can climb those mountains year-round. The national park will need to get local people involved,\u201d said Wang Fang. Attractions at the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon include mountaineering, rafting, birdwatching and local cultural activities. Wang adds that the government has already invested significant amounts in poverty alleviation, and national park tourism could further boost incomes and strengthen links between local people and the park.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

President Xi visited Tibet in July. According to a report in the People\u2019s Daily<\/a>, he was updated on environmental protection along the river and said\u00a0 water resources should be both used and conserved \u2013 but with conservation having priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This week China is hosting an online component of the Convention on Biological Diversity\u2019s 15th Conference of the Parties, with an in-person meeting to follow in 2022. L\u00fc thinks the best way to balance development and conservation of the Yarlung Tsangpo remains an open question and must be approached cautiously. In Nature damsmagazine<\/a>, L\u00fc and five other academics have written that establishing a new national park at Yarlung Tsangpo would demonstrate China\u2019s commitments to the goals of the convention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Experts say the river\u2019s Grand Canyon area, a haven for many species, should be designated a national park to show China\u2019s commitment to protecting biodiversity<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3233,"featured_media":73466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523,582],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-73465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-protected-areas","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCould the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon be China\u2019s next big national park? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Experts say the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, a haven for diverse plant and animal species, should be designated a national park\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Could the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon be China\u2019s next big national park?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Experts say the river\u2019s Grand Canyon area, a haven for many species, should be designated a national park to show China\u2019s commitment to protecting biodiversity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-13T15:44:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-12T10:30:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Valley-in-Medog_Li-Cheng_2560px.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Shi Yi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Shi Yi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/e6c4d55fe373fb01174e0713da39a3e8\"},\"headline\":\"Could the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon be China\u2019s next big national park?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-13T15:44:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-12T10:30:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\"},\"wordCount\":1831,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Valley-in-Medog_Li-Cheng_2560px.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biodiversity\",\"Conservation\",\"Protected areas\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Nature\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/yarlung-tsangpo-canyon-chinas-next-national-park\/\",\"name\":\"Could the Yarlung Tsangpo canyon be China\u2019s next big national park? 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