{"id":76335,"date":"2022-03-31T10:36:05","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T10:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=76335"},"modified":"2022-04-11T14:51:14","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T14:51:14","slug":"vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/","title":{"rendered":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Encased in the walls of a vocational training school in southern Vietnam\u2019s Tra Vinh province are 6,000 bottles stuffed with plastic wrappers, straws, bags and food packaging. The trash-filled bottles, covered in cement render, have replaced clay bricks in the country\u2019s first \u201ceco-brick\u201d school, which opened late last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annual plastic consumption in Vietnam increased from 3.8 kilograms<\/a> per person in 1990 to more than 41 kilograms in 2018; a surge that WWF Vietnam\u2019s plastic policy and partnership manager, Pham Manh Hoai, called \u201castounding\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCities will continue to experience rapid urbanisation and economic growth, and plastic production and consumption will also increase,\u201d he said. \u201cThis puts extreme pressure on local waste-management systems and leads to the country\u2019s concerning levels of plastic leakage.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Plastic<\/div>
A lack of proper waste-management systems has allowed plastic to pollute Vietnam, where consumption of the material has grown more than tenfold in 30 years (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vietnam disposes of approximately 3.9 million tonnes<\/a> yearly. Just a third of that is recycled. The rest is burnt, buried in landfills or dumped directly into the environment, where it can leak into the country\u2019s waterways and eventually the global ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although grassroots efforts and social franchises are working to combat plastic pollution in Vietnam, these initiatives are up against mountains of trash and the lack of an official system for sorting and recycling waste. Ve chai<\/em>, informal waste workers, collect and sell the few plastic materials recycled in the country: clear plastic bottles and hard plastics commonly used for toiletries like shampoo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But as of January, revisions to Vietnam\u2019s Law on Environmental Protection<\/a> have made municipalities responsible for recycling, something the informal sector has generally done. It is unclear how the new regulations will be implemented and enforced, with the formal sector currently ill-equipped to manage waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opportunities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jan Zellmann, co-founder of ReForm Plastic, which transforms low-value plastics into boards that can be used in furniture, waste bins and other objects in Vietnam and beyond, told China Dialogue that changes to Vietnam\u2019s recycling mechanisms will be a slow transition with cities needing to build up capacities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s about the infrastructure, it\u2019s about process, it\u2019s about management capacity \u2013 they don\u2019t have it,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019s going to be a very gradual change and transition.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Silhouetted<\/div>
With few other means of dealing with their waste, residents in the city of Dalat in the Central Highlands resort to burning it (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

According to research<\/a> published in 2020, Vietnam is the world\u2019s 11th<\/sup> biggest contributor to mismanaged plastic waste, meaning plastic that ends up in the environment rather than being dealt with via incineration, secure burial or recycling. In 2016, the country produced 570,000 metric tonnes of such waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over one tonne of plastic waste was collected for the eco-brick school project from all over Vietnam. Tan Meftah, founder of the sustainability-focused organisation Wholistik Permaculture, dreamed up the project to recycle and build awareness around plastic pollution in Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meftah collaborated with Jimmy Thai of Build a School Foundation, an NGO based in the United States that has built nearly 100 schools, primarily in Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hundreds of people, including many school children, were involved in gathering waste and making bricks. They collected trash from Tra Vinh, Hanoi, the beaches of central Hoi An, walking paths along Ho Chi Minh City\u2019s Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe Canal, and household waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bricks were eventually trucked to Tra Vinh, stacked, caged in chicken wire and covered with cement to fill out the frame of the school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Over<\/div>
Over a tonne of plastic waste was collected to make the \u201cbricks\u201d used to build this vocational training school in Tra Vinh province (Image: Thay Minh Tri)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thai told China Dialogue that a library for elementary school students is now being built out of eco-bricks in Vietnam\u2019s ancient capital, Hue. \u201cWe have already collected 3,000 bottles,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The second eco-brick effort is focused on collecting trash and building bricks near the library to reduce emissions from bringing bricks in from across the country. With plastic waste strewn over much of Vietnam, eco-bricks have the potential to be used more broadly as a free building material for all kinds of structures, Meftah said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still, it\u2019s tedious and takes a long time to make an eco-brick, Meftah told China Dialogue, and regular bricks are cheap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou can work for days and days and days and barely get 20 or 30 bricks,\u201d he said. \u201cWe needed around 6,000 bricks for 100 square metres.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As good as the eco-brick initiative is at building education around plastic pollution and reducing waste, the plastic collected is just a \u201cdrop in the bucket\u201d, Thai said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhatever we do here is really great for awareness, but I think it will be extremely challenging to make a difference,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Making boards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kasia Weina and Jan Zellmann co-founded ReForm Plastic after realising there was no way to recycle low-grade plastics in Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere weren\u2019t any solutions available to actually handle this type of waste,\u201d Weina told China Dialogue. \u201cIt was just being either burned or dumped at best.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Post-industrial<\/div>
Post-industrial waste collected from southern Vietnam is processed into shreds at Thanh T\u00f9ng 2 waste-processing facility in Dong Nai (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"The<\/div>
The shredded plastic is then pressed into boards that can be used to make furniture, waste bins and other objects (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The team set up its first factory making plastic boards from waste in 2020 in Hoi An, a UNESCO heritage site in central Vietnam. Hoi An\u2019s landfill has been full for two or three years, Weina said. It is being mined and the waste shipped about 47 kilometres south to a new landfill in the city of Tam Ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With an office based in neighbouring Danang, ReForm partners directly with the municipality to collect low-grade plastics and works with schools, hotels, offices, restaurants and bars to gather plastic trash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the Hoi An factory, that waste is washed, dried, shredded into flakes and put through a compression moulding machine to form boards \u2013 a production method originally designed for wood or other, composite materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Low-value<\/div>
Low-value plastic waste piles up at Thanh T\u00f9ng 2 before being transformed into boards using ReForm Plastic\u2019s recycling method (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Late last year, ReForm expanded its operations by connecting with the Thanh T\u00f9ng 2 (TT2) waste-processing site in Dong Nai province, about one and a half hours outside Ho Chi Minh City. TT2 receives approximately 30 tonnes of plastic post-industrial waste daily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The waste originates from southern industrial parks. It is shredded, loaded into a hot press, and cooled under pressure. It\u2019s then ready to be sold at prices competitive to its wood-based alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Before the collaboration with ReForm, TT2\u2019s manager Huynh Phuoc Loc said the plastic waste collected at TT2 had been incinerated or flaked then resold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

City problems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The new Environmental Protection Law that went into effect this January has turned cities into waste managers, in charge of managing and recycling it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A municipal waste collector in Ho Chi Minh City. A new law brought in earlier this year has made Vietnam\u2019s cities responsible for recycling, something previously dealt with by the informal sector. (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The problem is, no one knows how they are going to do it. Formal waste collection has traditionally done nothing more than collect trash from homes and businesses and take it to landfills or burn sites. Moreover, ve chai, <\/em>who have been the driving force of recycling in Vietnam, may lose out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith the new law and regulation, we expect a significant shift,\u201d Zellmann said. \u201cThat could have a really negative impact on the informal waste sector.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plastic bottles collected by ve chai<\/em> can currently be sold to waste-processing centres in Central Vietnam for 5,000 to 7,000 Vietnamese dong (22 to 31 US cents) per kilogram of plastic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plastics are resold by the operators of these centres. They are often shredded or made into pellets there and sold to factories in Vietnam and China, where they are used to make synthetic fabrics and new plastic products. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s uncertain how informal waste workers could be integrated into new recycling schemes. But they missed out on government relief packages during the pandemic, and formalising their work could bring them benefits such as health insurance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"An<\/div>
An informal waste collector takes a haul of recyclable materials to a processing centre in Ho Chi Minh City, where it will sell for 5,000 to 7,000 Vietnamese dong (US$0.22\u20130.31) per kilogram (Image: Jack Ross<\/a> \/ China Dialogue)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The changes to Vietnam\u2019s recycling sector are likely to unfold slowly as planning, infrastructure investment and enforcement are required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s going to take years till the municipal waste operators actually even have the infrastructure or the transport means to collect the waste in a separate way,\u201d Zellmann said.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA lot of cities look at who is the first mover, who is doing something because they all don\u2019t want to do anything\u2026 It\u2019s slowly starting, but it\u2019s early days.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of waste policies plagued by poor enforcement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3513,"featured_media":76354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[578,20000237,20000341],"hashtags":[],"country":[20028207],"class_list":["post-76335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pollution","tag-plastics","tag-sustainable-development","tag-water-pollution","country-vietnam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vietnamese NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of plastic waste policies plagued by poor enforcement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of waste policies plagued by poor enforcement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Coroneo-Seaman Joe\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Coroneo-Seaman Joe\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/061542e510c21e3efd71b48e74a79c77\"},\"headline\":\"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\"},\"wordCount\":1515,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Plastics\",\"Sustainable development\",\"Water pollution\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Pollution\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\",\"name\":\"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"Vietnamese NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of plastic waste policies plagued by poor enforcement\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"An informal waste worker piles recyclable plastic bottles onto her cart in southern Vietnam\u2019s Ho Chi Minh City\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/061542e510c21e3efd71b48e74a79c77\",\"name\":\"Coroneo-Seaman Joe\",\"description\":\"Joe Coroneo-Seaman is the Production Assistant at China Dialogue. He has lived and worked in Greater China for 2 years, and has an MA (Hons) in Chinese and French from the University of Edinburgh.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/coroneo-seamanjoe\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/govisnell\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails | Dialogue Earth","description":"Vietnamese NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of plastic waste policies plagued by poor enforcement","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails","og_description":"NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of waste policies plagued by poor enforcement","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_published_time":"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Coroneo-Seaman Joe","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/"},"author":{"name":"Coroneo-Seaman Joe","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/061542e510c21e3efd71b48e74a79c77"},"headline":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails","datePublished":"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/"},"wordCount":1515,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg","keywords":["Plastics","Sustainable development","Water pollution"],"articleSection":["Pollution"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/","name":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails | Dialogue Earth","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg","datePublished":"2022-03-31T10:36:05+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-11T14:51:14+00:00","description":"Vietnamese NGOs and grassroots organisations work to fill in the gaps of plastic waste policies plagued by poor enforcement","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220223_Vietnam-plastic-informal-waste-collector-and-bottles_JackRoss_ChinaDialogue-1.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"An informal waste worker piles recyclable plastic bottles onto her cart in southern Vietnam\u2019s Ho Chi Minh City"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/pollution\/vietnam-looks-for-solutions-to-plastic-pollution-where-government-fails\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Vietnam looks for solutions to plastic pollution where government fails"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/061542e510c21e3efd71b48e74a79c77","name":"Coroneo-Seaman Joe","description":"Joe Coroneo-Seaman is the Production Assistant at China Dialogue. He has lived and worked in Greater China for 2 years, and has an MA (Hons) in Chinese and French from the University of Edinburgh.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/coroneo-seamanjoe\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/govisnell\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3513"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76335"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76451,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76335\/revisions\/76451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76335"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=76335"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=76335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}