{"id":76641,"date":"2022-04-05T10:22:56","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T10:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=76641"},"modified":"2022-04-07T09:06:44","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T09:06:44","slug":"the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 – Megan Epler Wood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tourism is a major economic driver in many Southeast Asian nations: in 2019, it contributed US$393 billion<\/a> to the region\u2019s GDP. But the Covid-19 pandemic and border closures have had dire consequences for the millions who made their livelihoods in the industry. These imposed periods of respite have, however, brought the effects of overtourism into sharp relief, after rapid growth in the last decade. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

143 million<\/p>

people visited Southeast Asia in 2019<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

While tourism has long been a pull for the region, the 2010s saw remarkable increases in visitors from all corners of the globe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to ASEAN data<\/a>, 81.2 million people visited Southeast Asia in 2011, a figure that nearly doubled to over 143 million in 2019. In that same period, visitors from the United States roughly doubled to 4.8 million, while visitors from the United Kingdom and France grew by around half on 2011, to 3.1 million and 2 million respectively. The largest increases came from South Korea, whose visitors nearly tripled to 10.5 million, and most notably China, whose 32.3 million visitors were over four times the 7.3 million seen in 2011. Thailand welcomed 11 million Chinese tourists in 2019, six times more than in 2011, while China was also the main country of origin for visitors to Cambodia and Bali in Indonesia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many of Southeast Asia\u2019s most popular destinations are ecologically sensitive, including its famous beaches, coastal resorts and mountains. While efforts to attract more tourists have been encouraged as part of economic development plans, local communities have mostly lacked the infrastructure to manage ever-increasing numbers of tourists. The result: environmental degradation<\/a>, in some cases so severe it has resulted in the closure of popular destinations in Thailand and the Philippines. A temporary closure was also considered<\/a> for Indonesia\u2019s Komodo Island, home to the world\u2019s largest lizard, though this was ultimately cancelled<\/a> in favour of more targeted measures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Megan<\/div>
Megan Epler Wood, managing director of the Sustainable Tourism Asset Management Program at Cornell University (Image courtesy of interviewee)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

To better understand the challenge of balancing the need for tourism\u2019s positive economic benefit with its often negative environmental impacts, China Dialogue spoke with Megan Epler Wood<\/a>. Currently the managing director of the Sustainable Tourism Asset Management Program at Cornell University, Epler Wood has spent her career creating tools, policies and educational resources for sustainable tourism development. She has worked in over 30 countries, including several in Southeast Asia.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n


China Dialogue: You\u2019ve stated in your work that an \u201cunrestrained growth mode\u201d was \u201coverwhelming local resources and degrading vital assets\u201d. Can you give examples? Do places in Southeast Asia come to mind? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Megan Epler Wood:<\/strong> Southeast Asia has given us, I\u2019d say, some of the most striking cases of what can happen without planning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In terms of the classic examples, there\u2019s Maya Bay<\/a> in Thailand, and Boracay Island<\/a> in the Philippines. Boracay was clearly overwhelmed by the sheer number of tourists, and the densely packed structures lining the four-kilometre stretch of beach, which allowed 6,859 persons per square kilometre. That\u2019s higher than the density of Angeles City, the Philippines\u2019 third most urbanised city. During peak months, they were seeing daily arrivals of over 7,000 persons. There were 2,600 hotel establishments, 32% of which were discharging wastewater into the sea. Only 4% had wastewater discharge permits. So an emergency was declared, and the beach was closed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The closure affected over 100,000 people, who, for at least a temporary period, lost their jobs. So there was a lot of concern, and the larger resort companies were pretty upset when the island was closed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Before the pandemic, overtourism was the big issue in Southeast Asia. That\u2019s obviously changed. What\u2019s being discussed at the moment in the sustainable tourism space? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

I think the focus right now is how we can learn from the past and develop strategies that will enable our destinations to be more sustainable post-pandemic. Some of the work that we did with the Pacific Asia Travel Association [a non-profit based in Thailand], at the time the pandemic was starting, reviewed how local leaders throughout Southeast Asia, and also South Asia and the Pacific, were viewing these problems. I would say that there was universal agreement among those that attended\u2026 that they wanted to revise policies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The policies for managing tourism need revision, because there\u2019s a direct tie between tax dollars that come from tourism and the drive for more and more development, but there is no direct tie between tax dollars and the preservation or conservation of destinations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Crowded<\/div>
A beach in Puerto Galera, Philippines, a major diving destination\u00a0(Image: Jun Acullador<\/a> \/ Flickr<\/a>, CC BY-ND 2.0<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Are there ways to avoid the worst environmental and ecological impacts of tourism? Can access to finance help?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The question for Southeast Asia is how to prevent closures like Boracay, and how to act in time \u2013 how to invest before this kind of thing happens. It isn\u2019t just a simple question. Many people think, \u201cOh, well, just limit the number of people that go to a place\u201d. That\u2019s a very difficult proposition, unless it\u2019s in a very isolated area, like Maya Bay. They closed that site and, according to news reports, things are going pretty well. But Maya Bay is not inhabited: it\u2019s just an island that people go out to for the day. When you get to a case like Boracay, or any of these large coastal tourism development regions \u2013 which are also vulnerable to sea-level rise \u2013 a lot of people that work in these places are at risk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s not just about sustainability anymore, but to be resilient. There\u2019s a need for concessional finance [loans offered below market rate to stimulate development investment]. This is a gigantic global trend, and a fast-growing area of finance. It helps secure private finance by bringing public finance to the table. In the case of climate risk for regions of countries, we\u2019re mainly talking about either multilateral or bilateral investments to bring private money to the table, to lower risk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A very good case study is in the Maldives. They are, of course, at big climate risk as well, as one of the lowest lying archipelagos in the world. In their case, there was no system for waste management, and all of their waste was going out to one island called Tila Fushi. This was getting so toxic that the waste was entering into the watershed, and its fumes were reaching the airport. So, in 2018, the Asian Development Bank put in US$75 million for a $150 million project, investing in a waste-to-energy plant on Tila Fushi. They\u2019re going to need to do more than that, but this is a good example of how other regions in Southeast Asia and coastal Asia can begin to think of protecting themselves. Because if you put tourism on top of lacking sanitary infrastructure, you get Boracay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


You\u2019ve described the situation as \u201ca race to the bottom\u201d due to rapid \u201cshort-term tourist increases\u201d. How can ecologically sensitive and tourism-dependent destinations in Southeast Asia better handle tourism in the future?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

I would ask the destination managers, and the ministries throughout Southeast Asia, to consider looking at their management frameworks and how they\u2019re going to deliver on sustainability for the future of their region.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

My focus now is on helping decision-makers around the world understand sustainable destination management. We at Cornell, through eCornell, are going to be launching an online course available worldwide with the support of GIZ, the German Agency for International Cooperation. I think we have to help retrain people first, because the existing destination marketing organisations, even in Thailand, they themselves realise that they are not qualified to manage this. We met with so many players that we thought could be ready to make a transition over to more sustainable destination management, but they don\u2019t have the personnel.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s absolutely no connection between the carbon footprint tourism has and national policies for lowering carbon emissions<\/blockquote><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Worldwide, sustainable tourism has never really been required on the tourism education curriculum, and we feel that this is at the root of the problem. There\u2019s absolutely no connection between the kind of carbon footprint that tourism has, and national policies for lowering carbon emissions. The whole idea is to help destination managers to structure projects so that they can understand what their carbon footprint is, use carbon accounting, and tie it to national policies \u2013 maybe even become eligible for climate financing. We\u2019re very excited to work with ministries and destination management organisations in Southeast Asia, and around the world to get the personnel and the planning in place.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":76669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,764],"tags":[523,20000237,50040739],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110,50040730,50040717,50040715,50040702,20029326,50040729,50040700],"class_list":["post-76641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-nature","tag-conservation","tag-sustainable-development","tag-tourism","country-china","country-france","country-indonesia","country-philippines","country-south-korea","country-thailand","country-united-kingdom","country-united-states-of-america"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Krista Charles\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Krista Charles\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/aa002cbaaa0a0acc02fa62986c8c5136\"},\"headline\":\"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 – Megan Epler Wood\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\"},\"wordCount\":1450,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Conservation\",\"Sustainable development\",\"Tourism\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Business\",\"Nature\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\",\"name\":\"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"People at a beach standing in shallow clear water\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 – Megan Epler Wood\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/aa002cbaaa0a0acc02fa62986c8c5136\",\"name\":\"Krista Charles\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/krista-charles\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/nithincoca\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood | Dialogue Earth","description":"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood","og_description":"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_published_time":"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Krista Charles","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/"},"author":{"name":"Krista Charles","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/aa002cbaaa0a0acc02fa62986c8c5136"},"headline":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 – Megan Epler Wood","datePublished":"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/"},"wordCount":1450,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg","keywords":["Conservation","Sustainable development","Tourism"],"articleSection":["Business","Nature"],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/","name":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 - Megan Epler Wood | Dialogue Earth","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg","datePublished":"2022-04-05T10:22:56+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-07T09:06:44+00:00","description":"The Cornell University expert on sustainable tourism talks post-pandemic resilience for the sector in Southeast Asia, in face of overtourism and climate change","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/people-in-shallow-water-at-beach_flickr_24703707836_a5cb7c7d79_k-1-e1649070542955.jpeg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"People at a beach standing in shallow clear water"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/the-policies-for-managing-tourism-need-revision-megan-epler-wood\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u2018Tourism policies need revision\u2019 – Megan Epler Wood"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/aa002cbaaa0a0acc02fa62986c8c5136","name":"Krista Charles","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/krista-charles\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/nithincoca\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3907"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76641"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77213,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76641\/revisions\/77213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76641"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=76641"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=76641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}