{"id":76645,"date":"2022-04-04T12:18:04","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T12:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=76645"},"modified":"2022-04-19T14:20:54","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T14:20:54","slug":"global-biodiversity-deal-running-short-on-time-and-ambition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/global-biodiversity-deal-running-short-on-time-and-ambition\/","title":{"rendered":"Global biodiversity deal running short on time and ambition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Negotiators and observers left the latest meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with renewed momentum but with many issues still unresolved, including how to find the missing US$700 billion needed annually to protect and restore nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two-and-a-half week session in Geneva saw the first purely face-to-face negotiations since before the Covid-19 pandemic began. With just a few months before COP15 \u2013 the major CBD meeting, to be held in China \u2013 it was also billed as the last chance to make significant changes to the draft text that came out of the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/kunming-cop15-big-challenges-remain-after-first-session\/\">last CBD meeting in October<\/a>, which had been widely criticised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Geneva talks saw many additions to the text, but most are in square brackets, meaning they have yet to be agreed upon. An extra meeting has now been scheduled for June in Nairobi to try and find consensus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-close-the-finance-gap\">How to close the finance gap?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finance remains a sticking point. Investment needed for biodiversity is estimated at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulsoninstitute.org\/conservation\/financing-nature-report\/\">$844 billion<\/a> annually, which is $711 billion more than is currently being spent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On finance specifically from developed to developing countries, a coalition of environmental groups, including the Campaign for Nature, the Nature Conservancy, WWF and the World Resources Institute, had called ahead of the meeting for wealthy countries to support a target of at least $60 billion annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"67487\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>The sum would help tackle the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22678290\/\">impact<\/a> of wealthy country consumption habits on biodiversity, they argued.&nbsp;Some 30% of global threats to biodiversity are generated by international trade, particularly in commodities produced in developing countries for use in richer nations, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22678290\/\">research<\/a> by the University of Sydney.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The NGOs also called for a more holistic approach to finance, including by <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/redirecting-subsidies-for-the-good-of-nature\/\">redirecting harmful subsidies<\/a>, in sectors such as agriculture and mining, and spending existing resources more efficiently. A group of countries including Argentina and Brazil, led by Gabon, called for developed countries to provide at least $100 billion a year, rising to $700 billion by 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though negotiators added language to the draft agreement about aligning financial flows to be nature positive, they are \u201cstill really far apart\u201d on how to close the financing gap, according to Andrew Deutz, director of global policy, institutions and conservation finance at the Nature Conservancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a pretty wide range of expectations and positions. As a former negotiator, I think that\u2019s okay. We\u2019re still going through the process of figuring out where everybody is, and once that\u2019s done, you can negotiate to a consensus,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brazil in particular is \u201ctaking a hard line\u201d in the finance discussions to try and maximise the foreign aid it receives, and is supported by other countries in Africa and Latin America, he noted. \u201cIt suits some countries\u2019 interests to treat all the \u2018developing\u2019 countries the same, but donor countries are refusing. The resource needs of Angola versus Brazil are very different,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a middle-income country, Brazil needs to recognise it will have to pay for most of its conservation efforts through domestic resources, he believes. Colombia is providing a good example of how this could be done, paying by combining foreign aid assistance from the Green Climate Fund with philanthropic finance and a portion of its carbon market revenue. \u201cThis is what a progressive middle-income country should be doing,\u201d says Deutz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"73544\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>There is currently a lack of leadership pushing towards higher ambition, he says. COP15 hosts China were mostly working behind the scenes, he notes. \u201cThey have not done the kind of global outreach to civil society and the private sector that the UK did in the lead up to the COP26 climate talks,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe worry that we were hearing in the corridors, particularly around financing, is that it\u2019s going to be harder to meet some of the financing commitments \u2013 aid budgets are being redirected because of the Ukrainian refugee crisis, and a likely increase in defence spending among European countries,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The war was also distracting world leaders, making it harder for negotiators to bring their attention to biodiversity, he says. Deutz hopes the G7 meeting in June will be able to provide some leadership on biodiversity finance, but acknowledges that it will be much harder to get the issue on the agenda now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Brian O\u2019Donnell, director of the Campaign for Nature, points out that leadership has always been lacking. \u201cNature can\u2019t always be pushed to the second-tier of priorities, when it\u2019s foundational to every issue on the planet and is the foundation of all of our livelihoods and economies. So it has to be issue number one, convenient or not.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Progress on protecting 30% of land and sea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>More positively, Target Three, to protect at least 30% of the planet\u2019s land and ocean, continues to have significant support. There are now 91 members of the<a>&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cgiar.us8.list-manage.com\/track\/click?u=ebb0b8aca497581021d1c60ea&amp;id=9b081a7c94&amp;e=743c03d25e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People<\/a>, an intergovernmental group formed to champion the proposal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the Geneva meetings, several countries expressed their support for the target for the first time \u2013 some of whom had previously questioned it \u2013 as long as it was clear that countries could determine their contribution to the global target according to national circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"\/>Time alone isn\u2019t the problem here, it\u2019s the lack of a sense of urgency<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"\/> Brian O\u2019Donnell, director of the Campaign for Nature<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Also in Target Three, new language was included to better indicate the importance of the role of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) in achieving the target, and to more explicitly protect their rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IPLCs have expressed mistrust in Target Three, due to the record of human rights abuses in the name of conservation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iprights.org\/resources\/publications\/about-the-study-redefining-protected-areas\">A report<\/a> by Indigenous People\u2019s Rights International outlines many recent examples, including harassment and torture of people collecting vegetables in Nepal\u2019s Chitwan National Park in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jennifer Tauli Corpuz, member and negotiator for the International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, says it would have refused to support Target Three if there was no clear statement on respect for IPLC rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWithout safeguards, the risk is it would continue as before, with further evictions, killings and criminalisation of indigenous peoples,\u201d she says. However, a caveat had been added to the new language \u2013 that IPLC rights must be \u201cin accordance with national legislation\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere are many countries that don\u2019t have legislation recognising indigenous peoples\u2019 rights, so we feel that this is a big loophole for them,\u201d according to Corpuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Business and the prospects for COP15<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A positive development in Geneva was the engagement of the private sector. Some 35 businesses attended the meetings, including consumer goods giant Unilever and clothing retailer H&amp;M, according to Eva Zabey, executive director of the Business for Nature (BfN) coalition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSome made statements in the official sessions, and that resonated well because it\u2019s a newer, louder voice of progressive businesses engaging in the process,\u201d she says. BfN is calling for mandatory assessment and disclosure of impact and dependencies on nature by business. Much of the text on this remains in brackets, but several countries support the idea, Zabey reports.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"72607\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Feelings are mixed on the chance of success at COP15 in Kunming. Many fear that the session in Nairobi, and additional virtual meetings on finance, may not be enough to unlock agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTwo years of virtual negotiations have made it impossible for countries to solidify their own positions, let alone start the real bare-knuckle negotiations,\u201d says Deutz, adding that the Geneva session \u201cgot us over the hump\u201d to where negotiators were actually discussing text on the table. \u201cBut there\u2019s just not a lot of time to COP15.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u2019Donnell says: \u201cWe could have spent another week in Geneva, and I\u2019m not sure it would have fully resolved the issues. Time alone isn\u2019t the problem here, it\u2019s the lack of a sense of urgency. Countries need to take an approach that is less about each trying to defend their individual priorities, more thinking about the systems on the planet as a whole, and how we can develop a biodiversity framework that will address this crisis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A Chinese translation of this article will follow soon. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first face-to-face negotiations on a new global deal for nature saw more support for protecting 30% of the planet, but major obstacles remain <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":76710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,544,580],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000020,50000021,20000110,50041538],"class_list":["post-76645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-finance","tag-policy","country-argentina","country-brazil","country-china","country-gabon"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Global biodiversity deal running short on time and ambition | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The first face-to-face negotiations on a new global deal for nature saw more support for protecting 30% of the planet, but major obstacles remain\" 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