{"id":93946,"date":"2022-12-23T13:43:48","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T13:43:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=93946"},"modified":"2022-12-23T13:44:45","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T13:44:45","slug":"thailands-ev-push-worsen-water-shortages-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/thailands-ev-push-worsen-water-shortages-east\/","title":{"rendered":"Thailand\u2019s EV push may worsen water shortages in the east"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Chinese conglomerate BYD will start production of its first electric vehicles (EV) in Southeast Asia in around 2024. The new facility is expected to produce 150,000 vehicles per year, mostly for export to Southeast Asia and Europe. However, water shortages in the region could worsen tensions with farmers over access, and new planned reservoirs will diminish important animal habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Located in the Rayong 36 Industrial Estate in Thailand\u2019s eastern province of Rayong, the BYD venture will cover around 96 hectares, according to a joint statement from BYD and industrial developer WHA. WHA\u00a0said<\/a>\u00a0the land purchase by BYD was the developer\u2019s \u201cmost significant [deal] in 20 years.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BYD plans to invest about 30 billion baht (US$865 million) in production, according to Thailand\u2019s Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) Office. Thailand\u2019s Board of Investment (BOI), which promotes foreign investment into the country, last month<\/a> approved BYD\u2019s 18 billion baht (US$516 million) plan to manufacture battery-powered vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the country. This deal follows BYD\u2019s partnership with local distributor Rever Automotive Co, which announced last month it will start selling BYD cars in dealerships across Thailand by the end of 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thailand\u2019s EEC has been a hotbed of manufacturing for overseas investors for decades,\u00a0with notable\u00a0costs to the environment<\/a>. The BYD plant marks one of the largest single investments ever in the EEC, but\u00a0the scale of the production plant has raised concerns among people who will be directly affected by it, environmental activists, and some opposition politicians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water fight with durian farmers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI foresee a water crisis. It\u2019s my biggest concern,\u201d says Tiwa Taeng-on, who\u2019s lived near the new Rayong BYD factory site for three decades. \u201cIndustries in Rayong are already in a water-shortage situation. The arrival of large investments like that of BYD will add more tension to this crisis. What can be foreseen is a water fight between industries and other sectors. The first, for sure, will be the durian farmers in Rayong and nearby Chanthaburi province.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durian farming in Thailand occupied around 915,000 rai (1,464 square kilometres) in 2022 and produced 1,321,600 tonnes of durians for domestic and export markets,\u00a0according to the figures<\/a>\u00a0from the Center for International Trade Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"a<\/div>
Workers arrange durians at a processing factory in Chanthaburi province, Thailand (Image: Wang Teng \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Durian requires water all year round and is a heavy consumer, especially during the fruiting period. The fruit has fast become a high-earning crop for farmers, enticing more farmers to cultivate it, says Tiwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCurrently, we have around two million rai of durian farms just in Chanthaburi province,\u201d says Somneuk Jongmeewasin, an independent researcher at EEC Watch Group, a local network that monitors industrial developments in Thailand\u2019s Eastern region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA water fight between Rayong industries and durian farms is only part of the industry versus agriculture water fight,\u201d Somneuk says. \u201cWhile water demand in all sectors is increasing, water supply is extremely limited in the three EEC provinces. We can say that without a water supply from Chanthaburi, industries in Rayong could hardly survive. Every year, Rayong needs an additional 70 million cubic metres of water from outside. What would happen if the entire 35 EEC zones were fully operational?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Watershed and wildlife impact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The growing water demand in Rayong has put pressure on the authorities to build reservoirs to increase the supply. One such project is Wangtanod in Chanthaburi, a more than 20-square-kilometre reservoir that will be constructed in the forest areas of Khao Sibha Chan National Park and Paa Khunsong Forest Reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt will significantly affect most wildlife species living in the area, especially wild elephants. The large reservoir will cost them habitat and food and force them into community areas for food, which is mostly agricultural crops, increasing man and elephant conflict,\u201d says Phanudej Kerdmali, secretary general of Sueb Nakhasathian Foundation, a conservation group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The park is part of five connected conservation areas and the largest forest area in Thailand\u2019s Eastern region. At 2,350 square kilometres, the area is host to two wildlife sanctuaries and three national parks, stretching across five provinces. It\u2019s home to 54 rare species, 12 endemic species, 39 threatened species and three conserved species, according to a park research centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rayong\u2019s water comes from three main reservoirs: Klong Yai, Nong Plalai and Dok Kray, with a total capacity of 320 million cubic metres. The Royal Irrigation Department forecasts that more reservoirs are required to cope with future demand and has planned four projects in Chanthaburi, with a total capacity of 240 million cubic metres. This includes the Wangtanod reservoir, which is set to hold 99.5 million cubic metres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOne has been built, two are under construction, and the most controversial, Wangtanod, is facing strong opposition from environmental groups and local people,\u201d says EEC Watch\u2019s Somneuk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outside the industrial zone, residents in the three EEC provinces face regular water shortages and quality issues, says Bencha Saengchan, a politician from the progressive Move Forward party.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn many areas of Chonburi, the water authority will announce a closure every three to four days due to a shortage of supply. A common problem is the rusty colour of tap water,\u201d says Bencha, reflecting complaints she\u2019s received from residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBuying drinking water is a common practice for EEC residences. What can we do when all water management controls are in the hands of RID or private hands?\u201d asks Tiwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the dark<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thailand is expected to hold elections in mid-2023. The current government has been a major force in promoting EV production in the EEC. Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha said at the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) summit in November that the goal is to make Thailand one of the world\u2019s largest EV manufacturers. Local people at EEC development sites might already be feeling the effects but the issue gets little public recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Chinese EV manufacturer, which is backed by Warren Buffett\u2019s Berkshire Hathaway, is among the latest companies to take advantage of the Thai government\u2019s tax incentives to make Thailand \u201cthe EV production hub of Southeast Asia\u201d. Earlier this year, the Thai government allocated approximately 43 billion baht ($1.24 billion) through 2025 to promote the use of EVs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAmid the one-sided information, we found that there\u2019s no necessary information available for the public to monitor EEC policy, including basic details of each project that could help with monitoring impacts at sites,\u201d says Somneuk. He claims the EEC policy is rooted in the politics of the military coup eight years ago that led to the EEC Administration Board being given powers to overrule regulations, including those of the Environment Act and City Planning Act.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bencha says that even the House Committee \u201cfaces difficulties when requesting basic information that should be disclosed to the public, but is often denied by authorities claiming confidentiality.\u201d He says the party submitted recommendations on the EEC to parliament but has received no response from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf you ask, \u2018How will the BYD [investment] impact?\u2019 I can say we don\u2019t know,\u201d says local resident Tiwa. \u201cHow can we know when the only information available to us is their huge investment and the size of their plan, but no details at all on their plant.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The arrival of Chinese electric car manufacturer BYD in Rayong is expected to increase the strain on the province\u2019s water supplies<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":94001,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[13444,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20029326],"class_list":["post-93946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-electric-vehicles","tag-water-scarcity","country-thailand"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThailand's EV push may worsen water shortages | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The arrival of Chinese electric car manufacturer BYD in Rayong is expected to increase the strain on the province\u2019s water supplies\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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