{"id":50005004,"date":"2016-02-03T12:48:16","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T12:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=5004"},"modified":"2023-06-05T16:49:02","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T15:49:02","slug":"5013-mudancas-climaticas-aumentam-risco-de-zika-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/clima\/5013-mudancas-climaticas-aumentam-risco-de-zika-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"Mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas aumentam risco de zika v\u00edrus"},"content":{"rendered":"

A explos\u00e3o do n\u00famero de casos de microcefalia<\/a> na Am\u00e9rica Latina e Caribe virou uma emerg\u00eancia internacional. A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial da Sa\u00fade (OMS<\/a>) reconhece que a falta de vacinas e de testes r\u00e1pidos que diagnostiquem a doen\u00e7a s\u00e3o os principais motivos para que o mundo fique em estado de alerta. Mais uma vez, essa grande amea\u00e7a \u00e0 sa\u00fade humana come\u00e7a com a picada do mosquito aedes aegypti<\/em>. O inseto, que tamb\u00e9m transmite dengue e chinkungunya, pode infectar pessoas com o v\u00edrus zika. Existem fortes evid\u00eancias de que esse v\u00edrus esteja causando microcefalia em rec\u00e9m-nascidos<\/a>. Pesquisadores da \u00e1rea de infectologia ainda tentam entender como o zika em mulheres gr\u00e1vidas provoca a malforma\u00e7\u00e3o cong\u00eanita. \u201cTodos concordam sobre a urg\u00eancia<\/a> de se coordenar esfor\u00e7os internacionais para investigar e entender melhor essa rela\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, declarou a chefe da OMS Margaret Chan. Por enquanto, a \u00fanica defesa contra o zika \u00e9 manter dist\u00e2ncia do mosquito. Mas \u00e0 medida que a temperatura global sobe e regi\u00f5es do planeta ficam mais quentes, o aedes aegypti<\/em> chega cada vez mais perto. Isso faz com que um outro grupo de cientistas olhe para o mapa global com preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o extrema. \u201cO aquecimento global afeta a abund\u00e2ncia e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o dos vetores da doen\u00e7a, aumentando assim a incid\u00eancia de doen\u00e7as infecciosas e ampliando as \u00e1reas geogr\u00e1ficas em risco\u201d, afirma Fiona Armstrong, diretora executiva da Alian\u00e7a Clima e Sa\u00fad<\/a>e, baseada na Austr\u00e1lia. O calor e a umidade associados \u00e0 mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica criam condi\u00e7\u00f5es ideais para a procria\u00e7\u00e3o de mosquitos, acrescenta Armstrong. \u201c\u00c0 medida que regi\u00f5es que antes eram mais secas e frias passam a registrar temperaturas mais elevadas e mais chuva, mosquitos expandem suas \u00e1reas de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o, o que aumenta o n\u00famero de popula\u00e7\u00f5es de risco.\u201d Ritmo de expans\u00e3o<\/strong> A OMS estima que at\u00e9 quatro milh\u00f5es de casos de zika ser\u00e3o registrados nas Am\u00e9ricas nos pr\u00f3ximos 12 meses. Cerca de 80% dos infectados n\u00e3o apresentam sintomas e, quando eles aparecem, o paciente tem febre, vermelhid\u00e3o na pele (exantema) e conjuntivite. Pelo menos 22 pa\u00edses latino-americanos reportaram casos de zika – o Brasil \u00e9 o mais afetado. Em novembro de 2015, o Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade confirmou a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o v\u00edrus e o surto de microcefalia na regi\u00e3o Nordeste. Desde ent\u00e3o, 3.448 casos suspeitos de microcefalia<\/a> est\u00e3o sendo investigados em todo o pa\u00eds. Acredita-se que o zika  tenha chegado ao Brasil com um turista asi\u00e1tico durante a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Pesquisadores nos Estados Unidos temem que o v\u00edrus se espalhe rapidamente pelo territ\u00f3rio. Um estudo feito por Davidson Hamer e Lin Chen, do Boston Medical Center<\/a>, afirma que o risco de difus\u00e3o do zika \u00e9 elevado devido \u00e0 presen\u00e7a do mosquito aedes aegypti<\/em> e aedes albopictus<\/em> em v\u00e1rios estados. E, dentro de alguns meses, ser\u00e1 ver\u00e3o no hemisf\u00e9rio norte, \u00e9poca apropriada para reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o do mosquito. Segundo a rede de noticias China Network Television (CNTV<\/a>), autoridades locais monitoram o risco de o v\u00edrus chegar \u00e0 China, embora nenhum caso tenha sido registrado no pais at\u00e9 o momento. O minist\u00e9rio das Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Exteriores chin\u00eas j\u00e1 se colocou \u00e0 disposi\u00e7\u00e3o para ajudar as autoridades latino-americanas no que for poss\u00edvel, inclusive, na busca de vacinas para combater a doen\u00e7a. O zika foi descoberto em Uganda, \u00c1frica, em 1947. O primeiro surto em humanos foi registrado apenas em 2007. O v\u00edrus passou ent\u00e3o a circular pela \u00c1sia e deixou pelo menos 19 mil infectados na Polin\u00e9sia Francesa em 2013, onde as primeiras associa\u00e7\u00f5es com microcefalia foram feitas. Al\u00e9m da malforma\u00e7\u00e3o cong\u00eanita, acredita-se que o zika tamb\u00e9m provoque a s\u00edndrome de Guillain-Barre<\/a>, uma doen\u00e7a neurol\u00f3gica que pode resultar em paralisia tempor\u00e1ria ou definitiva. Mais press\u00e3o<\/strong> Autoridades ainda t\u00eam dificuldade para prever qual propor\u00e7\u00e3o o surto de zika pode atingir. Para o pesquisador Christovam Barcellos, do Observat\u00f3rio do Clima<\/a> e da Sa\u00fade da Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz<\/a>, o hist\u00f3rico da dengue pode dar algumas pistas. \u201cTemos observado que as \u00e1reas de transmiss\u00e3o de dengue est\u00e3o se expandido pelo mundo todo. No Brasil, a dengue est\u00e1 chegando cada vez mais para o sul e em cidades mais altas, que antes eram mais preservadas\u201d, comenta Barcellos. \u201cIsso \u00e9 possivelmente um efeito das condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas sobre a sa\u00fade.\u201d Estudos j\u00e1 apontam o sul da China e o Sudeste Asi\u00e1ticos como \u00e1reas de transmiss\u00e3o da dengue, assim como o norte da Austr\u00e1lia. Ou seja, j\u00e1 que o mosquito vetor habita essas regi\u00f5es, pode ser que o zika tamb\u00e9m provoque um grande n\u00famero de infectados. \u201c\u00c9 impressionante como o aedes<\/em> est\u00e1 adaptado na cidade. Ele tem um ciclo <\/a>de uma a duas semanas – nesse per\u00edodo, deixa de ovo e sai voando e picando as pessoas. E as cidades t\u00eam um ambiente prop\u00edcio pra ele se reproduzir\u201d, acrescenta Barcellos. Segundo pesquisadores, a estimativa \u00e9 de que as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas coloquem ainda mais press\u00e3o sobre os sistemas p\u00fablicos de sa\u00fade, o que vai dificultar a aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos para o combate de novas doen\u00e7as principalmente em regi\u00f5es subdesenvolvidas do globo. Em pa\u00edses latino-americanos e ainda em desenvolvimento como Brasil e Col\u00f4mbia, que sofrem com o aumento de casos de microcefalia provavelmente em decorr\u00eancia do v\u00edrus zika, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o pode se complicar no futuro. \u201cEu acredito esses s\u00e3o exemplos de como lideran\u00e7as pol\u00edticas e autoridades de sa\u00fade t\u00eam subestimando a amplitude e complexidade associadas com riscos para sa\u00fade humana que um planeta mais quente traz\u201d, completa Fiona Armstrong.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Criam condi\u00e7\u00f5es ideais para reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o do mosquito transmissor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50005005,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039920],"tags":[50040046,50029705],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003526,50003528,50041182],"class_list":["post-50005004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima","tag-impactos-climaticos","tag-saude","country-brasil-pt-br","country-china-pt-br","country-united-states-of-america-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas aumentam risco de zika v\u00edrus | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Criam condi\u00e7\u00f5es ideais para reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o do mosquito transmissor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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