{"id":50005035,"date":"2016-02-02T17:31:50","date_gmt":"2016-02-02T17:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=5035"},"modified":"2023-06-05T16:46:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T15:46:35","slug":"5028-global-south-impulsiona-financiamento-sustentavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/clima\/5028-global-south-impulsiona-financiamento-sustentavel\/","title":{"rendered":"Global South impulsiona financiamento sustent\u00e1vel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O grupo de pa\u00edses que forma o chamado Global South (composto por Am\u00e9rica Latina, \u00c1frica e parte da \u00c1sia) vem gerando ideias novas sobre como garantir o desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel por meio de financiamentos mais ambientalmente respons\u00e1veis. De acordo com <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foe.org\/projects\/economics-for-the-earth\/international-finance\/emerging-sustainability-frameworks-%20Grow%20our%20reach%20and%20audience%20on%20Facebook%20and%20Twitter%20to%20use%20it%20as%20a%20promotional%20platform%20for%20Di%C3%A1logo%20Chino%20editorial.\">uma nova s\u00e9rie de relat\u00f3rios<\/a> da entidade <a href=\"http:\/\/www.foe.org\/\">Friends of the Earth<\/a>&nbsp;(FoE), o Global South tem inovado muito mais que os bancos tradicionais.<\/p>\n<p>Hoje, os grandes bancos de desenvolvimento na China e no Brasil s\u00e3o protagonistas no financiamento do desenvolvimento e podem abrir caminho para inova\u00e7\u00f5es nas regras de investimento das entidades financiadoras ocidentais.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPor serem grandes institui\u00e7\u00f5es financiadoras, o <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdb.com.cn\/english\/\">Banco de Desenvolvimento da China<\/a> (CDB) e o <a href=\"http:\/\/english.eximbank.gov.cn\/en\/\">Banco de Exporta\u00e7\u00f5es e Importa\u00e7\u00f5es da China<\/a> (China Exim) ter\u00e3o um papel importante na promo\u00e7\u00e3o da sustentabilidade e da prote\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental, tanto em \u00e2mbito nacional quanto internacional\u201d, de acordo com o primeiro da s\u00e9rie de tr\u00eas relat\u00f3rios intitulada \u201cEmerging Sustainability Frameworks\u201d (Estruturas de Sustentabilidade Emergentes, em tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre). A s\u00e9rie examina as pol\u00edticas ambientais dos dois maiores bancos nacionais de desenvolvimento do mundo: o brasileiro Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econ\u00f4mico e Social (BNDES) e dois grandes bancos chineses &#8211; CDB e China Exim.<\/p>\n<p>Em caso de descumprimento da legisla\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental, o CDB pode rebaixar a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos ativos do tomador ou at\u00e9 mesmo cancelar o empr\u00e9stimo. O BNDES prev\u00ea multas e adota uma programa\u00e7\u00e3o de desembolsos para incentivar a ades\u00e3o \u00e0s regras. Os bancos de desenvolvimento multilaterais do mundo ocidental, como o Banco Mundial, <a href=\"http:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/WBSITE\/EXTERNAL\/PROJECTS\/EXTPOLICIES\/EXTSAFEPOL\/0,,menuPK:584441~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:584435,00.html\">incorporaram pol\u00edticas sociais e ambientais<\/a> \u00e0s suas regras de concess\u00e3o de cr\u00e9dito j\u00e1 h\u00e1 bastante tempo, mas os bancos nacionais emergentes levaram estas medidas um passo adiante, de acordo com o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n<p>No entanto, apesar destas regras, BNDES, CDB e China Exim ainda enfrentam obst\u00e1culos consider\u00e1veis ao tentarem implementar suas pol\u00edticas. A aus\u00eancia de qualquer mecanismo efetivo de den\u00fancia de infra\u00e7\u00f5es, no caso dos dois bancos chineses, significa que a m\u00e1 conduta muitas vezes fica impune.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hist\u00f3rico verde<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No Brasil, o \u201cdesenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel coerente com a conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental\u201d foi estabelecido pela Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Meio Ambiente de 1981. Em 1987, o BNDES incluiu as considera\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais em seus pacotes de financiamento, atrav\u00e9s de duas resolu\u00e7\u00f5es que permitem ao banco multar infratores das normas ambientais.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m destas determina\u00e7\u00f5es vindas de cima, o segundo maior banco nacional de desenvolvimento do mundo tamb\u00e9m reage \u00e0s press\u00f5es da sociedade civil, que tem frequentemente cobrado a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de regras mais r\u00edgidas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cO \u2018esverdeamento\u2019 do setor financeiro do Brasil tem evolu\u00eddo em resposta n\u00e3o apenas a uma pol\u00edtica de governo, mas tamb\u00e9m a outras for\u00e7as, como processos jur\u00eddicos, compromissos setoriais volunt\u00e1rios e as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es da sociedade civil\u201d, diz o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n<p>Nos \u00faltimos anos, o governo central chin\u00eas tem promulgado uma s\u00e9rie de pol\u00edticas visando proteger a sustentabilidade, refletindo o crescente poder de seus bancos no financiamento internacional do desenvolvimento.<\/p>\n<p>Desde 1995, o <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbc.gov.cn\/english\/130437\/index.html\">Banco Popular da China<\/a> e a Ag\u00eancia Estatal de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental (SEPA) \u2013 \u00f3rg\u00e3o respons\u00e1vel por quest\u00f5es ambientais antes do estabelecimento do <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/novo-ministro-do-meio-ambiente-chines-enfrentara-grandes-desafios\/?lang=pt-pt\">Minist\u00e9rio de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental<\/a> (MEP) chin\u00eas \u2013 t\u00eam pressionado por pr\u00e1ticas mais sustent\u00e1veis de financiamento.<\/p>\n<p>Em 2005 e 2006, o Conselho Estatal chin\u00eas introduziu uma pol\u00edtica que incentiva a limita\u00e7\u00e3o dos empr\u00e9stimos a setores altamente poluentes e com alto consumo de energia.<\/p>\n<p>No entanto, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/6704-UN-highlights-China-s-progress-on-greening-its-finance-sector\">Diretiva de Cr\u00e9dito Verde<\/a>, de 2007, marcou uma \u201cforte reafirma\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d da guinada chinesa em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao financiamento verde. A medida exige que os bancos sejam proativos, considerando os riscos ambientais ao avaliar a concess\u00e3o de cr\u00e9dito e monitorando os tomadores durante todo o ciclo do financiamento. Em 2012, a pol\u00edtica foi estendida para investimentos <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/por-que-a-china-deve-adotar-padroes-ambientais-mais-rigidos-nos-investimentos-estrangeiros\/?lang=pt-pt\">em outros pa\u00edses<\/a>. No entanto, algumas infra\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e9rias parecem ter ficado impunes, levantando <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/china-e-america-latina-como-seguir-adiante\/?lang=pt-pt\">d\u00favidas<\/a> quanto \u00e0 efic\u00e1cia da diretiva.<\/p>\n<p>O BNDES conta com unidades internas que realizam avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de impacto (EIA) e monitoramentos de desempenho ambiental. J\u00e1 o CDB e o China Exim, al\u00e9m de utilizarem consultorias para elaborar os documentos, costumam apresentar dificuldades de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Na Am\u00e9rica Latina, o China Exim tem sido fortemente criticado pela falta de transpar\u00eancia sobre os riscos de gigantescos projetos de energia hidrel\u00e9trica em que houve registro de <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/acidente-fatal-em-importante-hidreletrica-do-equador-intensifica-apelos-por-transparencia\/?lang=pt-pt\">acidentes<\/a> fatais. Um <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dar.org.pe\/archivos\/publicacion\/159_es_safeguards_eng_official.pdf\">relat\u00f3rio<\/a> divulgado em 2014, pela ONG peruana <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dar.org.pe\/archivos\/publicacion\/159_es_safeguards_eng_official.pdf\">DAR<\/a>, deu uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o desfavor\u00e1vel ao China Exim em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os bancos de desenvolvimento latino-americanos, em termos de transpar\u00eancia quanto aos riscos envolvidos em seus projetos.<\/p>\n<p>O relat\u00f3rio da FoE argumenta que a transpar\u00eancia \u00e9 um \u201cpr\u00e9-requisito importante\u201d para o monitoramento dos impactos de um projeto e imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de puni\u00e7\u00f5es coerentes com as pol\u00edticas vigentes. Apesar de o CDB e o China Exim terem come\u00e7ado a \u2018esverdear\u2019 suas pr\u00e1ticas, \u201c\u00e9 necess\u00e1rio trabalhar mais para expandir, padronizar e operacionalizar os princ\u00edpios de financiamento sustent\u00e1vel, transformando-os em pr\u00e1tica\u201d, conclui o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n<p><strong>O palco do G20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A China atualmente preside o G20, dando ao pa\u00eds uma plataforma de exibi\u00e7\u00e3o para suas pol\u00edticas de financiamento verde e impulsionando as pol\u00edticas nacionais existentes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cO G20 precisa explorar maneiras de promover institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras mais verdes no mundo inteiro e melhorar a capacidade dos mercados de capitais canalizarem recursos para as ind\u00fastrias verdes, assim desenvolvendo uma economia amig\u00e1vel ao meio ambiente\u201d, declarou Xi Jinping ao assumir a presid\u00eancia do grupo em dezembro do ano passado.<\/p>\n<p>Na semana passada, o G20 realizou seu primeiro <a href=\"http:\/\/unepinquiry.org\/news\/g20-green-finance-study-group-meets-for-the-first-time-in-beijing\/\">grupo de estudos do financiamento verde<\/a>, em Pequim.<\/p>\n<p>No entanto, as reuni\u00f5es do G20 podem ter capacidade limitada de fornecer uma plataforma, por envolverem apenas representantes de governos, sem espa\u00e7o para a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da sociedade civil.<\/p>\n<p>De acordo com a FoE, a experi\u00eancia brasileira mostra que uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes partes interessadas incluindo empresas, governo e sociedade civil \u2013 \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para \u201cacelerar uma mudan\u00e7a mais robusta e bem sucedida em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 economia verde\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Novo relat\u00f3rio elogia \u2018esverdeamento\u2019 de bancos na China e no Brasil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50005032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039920],"tags":[50040243,50003579],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-50005035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima","tag-desenvolvimento-sustentavel","tag-financas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Global South impulsiona financiamento sustent\u00e1vel | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Novo relat\u00f3rio elogia \u2018esverdeamento\u2019 de bancos na China e no Brasil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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