{"id":50007230,"date":"2016-09-02T11:32:13","date_gmt":"2016-09-02T10:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=7230"},"modified":"2023-05-16T12:28:28","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T11:28:28","slug":"7188-g20-precisa-se-esforcar-para-tornar-a-economia-mais-verde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/clima\/7188-g20-precisa-se-esforcar-para-tornar-a-economia-mais-verde\/","title":{"rendered":"G20 precisa se esfor\u00e7ar para tornar a economia mais verde"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Os l\u00edderes do <a href=\"http:\/\/www.g20.org\/English\/\">G20<\/a>, composto pelas 19 maiores economias do mundo mais a Uni\u00e3o Europeia, j\u00e1 chegaram na cidade de Hangzhou, no leste da China, para a reuni\u00e3o anual do grupo. No evento, a mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica est\u00e1 entre os <a href=\"http:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/us-g20-climatechange-china-usa-idUKKCN1175FJ\">destaques da agenda<\/a>. A cidade, que passou recentemente por um processo de revitaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, fornece um cen\u00e1rio sereno para a reuni\u00e3o. No entanto, \u00e9 cada vez mais urgente que o grupo adote medidas de combate \u00e0s emiss\u00f5es globais de carbono, das quais 75% s\u00e3o responsabilidade destes pa\u00edses, de acordo com <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climate-transparency.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Brown-to-Green-Assessing-the-G20-transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy.pdf\">um novo relat\u00f3rio<\/a> divulgado pela <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climate-transparency.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Brown-to-Green-Assessing-the-G20-transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy.pdf\">Climate Transparency<\/a>, uma coaliz\u00e3o de especialistas com lideran\u00e7a alem\u00e3. Nos \u00faltimos anos a China assumiu um papel de lideran\u00e7a nas a\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas, ao prometer limitar suas emiss\u00f5es de carbono e eliminar gradualmente sua depend\u00eancia do carv\u00e3o mineral. No entanto, todos os pa\u00edses precisam melhorar em diversas \u00e1reas, entre elas o investimento em fontes renov\u00e1veis, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da intensidade energ\u00e9tica e de carbono (quantidade de energia e de carbono consumida per capita) e a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/8886-China-and-US-should-lead-fossil-fuel-subsidies-reform-at-G2-\">retirada dos subs\u00eddios aos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis<\/a>, de acordo com o relat\u00f3rio <em>Brown to Green: Assessing the G20 transition to a low-carbon economy <\/em>(\u201cDe Marrom a Verde: Avaliando a transi\u00e7\u00e3o do G20 para uma economia de baixo carbono\u201d, em tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre). No per\u00edodo de 1990 a 2013, as emiss\u00f5es do setor energ\u00e9tico nos pa\u00edses do grupo aumentaram 56%, mas a escalada vem desacelerando nos \u00faltimos anos. \u201cO G20 comprovou que \u00e9 capaz de ser \u00e1gil e tomar medidas quanto \u00e0s quest\u00f5es econ\u00f4micas, ent\u00e3o esperamos que estes pa\u00edses fa\u00e7am o mesmo em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao clima,\u201d disse \u00c1lvaro Uma\u00f1a, co-presidente da Climate Transparency e ex-ministro do Meio Ambiente e Energia da Costa Rica. O relat\u00f3rio menciona a import\u00e2ncia da substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do carv\u00e3o e de outros combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis por fontes \u201dverdes\u201d de energia; no entanto, os perfis dos pa\u00edses latino-americanos do G20 revelam que eles t\u00eam desafios ainda maiores a enfrentar. As mudan\u00e7as na ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o do solo, especialmente relacionadas \u00e0 agricultura e ao desmatamento, s\u00e3o uma das maiores fontes de emiss\u00f5es no <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climate-transparency.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Brazil-2016.pdf\">Brasil<\/a>. J\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climate-transparency.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Mexico-2016.pdf\">M\u00e9xico<\/a> e <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climate-transparency.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Argentina-2016.pdf\">Argentina<\/a> precisam aumentar a participa\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes renov\u00e1veis em suas respectivas matrizes energ\u00e9ticas, de acordo com o relat\u00f3rio. <strong>O papel da China<\/strong> A anfitri\u00e3 da reuni\u00e3o do G20, a China, respons\u00e1vel por 24% das emiss\u00f5es globais de carbono, ganhou forte destaque na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do relat\u00f3rio quanto ao investimento em sistemas de energia verde. Por\u00e9m, apesar de redu\u00e7\u00f5es substanciais na intensidade energ\u00e9tica da economia, a elevada participa\u00e7\u00e3o do carv\u00e3o na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia no pa\u00eds significa que ainda h\u00e1 muito trabalho a fazer. A China gera 68% de sua energia a partir do carv\u00e3o, o dobro do patamar m\u00e9dio do G20, que \u00e9 de 34%. E embora o maior emissor do mundo esteja lentamente se afastando do combust\u00edvel f\u00f3ssil no \u00e2mbito interno, continua a investir em diversos empreendimentos relacionados ao carv\u00e3o em outros pa\u00edses. Estes n\u00fameros colocam o G20 muito abaixo das metas estipuladas pelo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiug733sO7OAhUDqxoKHRgpAlQQFggkMAE&amp;url=http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/paris-agreement-gives-hope-in-fight-against-climate-change\/&amp;usg=AFQjCNGazm2i5WLXGGLNCGAC8-kGH5WQvQ\">Acordo de Paris<\/a> como medida necess\u00e1ria para limitar o aquecimento global a 2 graus Celsius. O n\u00edvel comparativamente baixo de energia gerada por petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s na China significa que a participa\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes renov\u00e1veis tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 bem acima da m\u00e9dia do G20, chegando a 15-20% da matriz. <strong>Desafios da Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/strong> A intensidade energ\u00e9tica e de carbono dos membros latino-americanos do G20 \u2013 Brasil, M\u00e9xico e Argentina \u2013 est\u00e1 abaixo da m\u00e9dia do grupo, mas parece estar seguindo na dire\u00e7\u00e3o errada. Al\u00e9m desses desafios, a maior economia da regi\u00e3o, o Brasil, precisa reduzir suas emiss\u00f5es geradas pela mudan\u00e7a da ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o do solo causada pelo setor da <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/china-transforma-paises-sul-americanos-em-monocultores\/?lang=pt-pt\">agricultura<\/a>, que se ampliou nos \u00faltimos anos para atender \u00e0 demanda chinesa por soja. O Brasil tem avan\u00e7ado significativamente na redu\u00e7\u00e3o das emiss\u00f5es de carbono causadas pelo desmatamento, que agora responde por 28% das emiss\u00f5es de gases do efeito estufa no pa\u00eds. Em 2011, o setor de energia passou a ser a maior fonte de emiss\u00f5es (30%). As emiss\u00f5es de metano s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por outros 28%. Os presidentes da Argentina, do M\u00e9xico e do Brasil, respectivamente Mauricio Macri, Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto e o rec\u00e9m-confirmado Michel Temer, far\u00e3o uma reuni\u00e3o particular com o presidente chin\u00eas Xi Jinping nos bastidores do evento do G20. Macri e Pe\u00f1a Nieto acabam de lan\u00e7ar <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/aproveitando-oportunidades-no-setor-energetico-do-mexico\/?lang=pt-pt\">iniciativas<\/a> de atra\u00e7\u00e3o de investimentos ao setor de fontes renov\u00e1veis, cuja participa\u00e7\u00e3o na matriz energ\u00e9tica tem ca\u00eddo em seus pa\u00edses. Em 2014 o M\u00e9xico aprovou uma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlapiper.com\/en\/us\/insights\/publications\/2016\/01\/mexico-new-energy-transition-law\/\">Lei de Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Energ\u00e9tica<\/a>, que tem como meta gerar 35% da energia do pa\u00eds a partir de fontes limpas at\u00e9 2024. Na Argentina, o presidente Mauricio Macri lan\u00e7ou recentemente o plano <a href=\"http:\/\/www.argentinaindependent.com\/currentaffairs\/latest-news\/newsfromargentina\/president-macri-launches-renewable-energy-plan-renovar\/\">RenovAr<\/a> para energias renov\u00e1veis, que busca chegar a 20% de energia limpa no pa\u00eds at\u00e9 2025. O M\u00e9xico e a Argentina t\u00eam perfis semelhantes de emiss\u00e3o, com aumentos constantes nas emiss\u00f5es do setor energ\u00e9tico. Embora o carv\u00e3o mineral responda por uma fatia muito pequena do total de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia (5% e 1%, respectivamente), o uso intensivo de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s nos dois pa\u00edses eleva a intensidade de carbono do setor a n\u00edveis pr\u00f3ximos \u00e0 m\u00e9dia do G20.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China lidera a transi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica, enquanto membros latinoamericanos encaram outros desafios<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50007191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039920],"tags":[50029693,50029786,50040113],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003524,50003526,50003528,50003538],"class_list":["post-50007230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clima","tag-combustiveis-fosseis-pt-br","tag-energias-renovaveis","tag-transicao-energetica-pt-br","country-argentina-pt-br","country-brasil-pt-br","country-china-pt-br","country-mexico-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>G20 precisa se esfor\u00e7ar para tornar a economia mais verde | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China lidera a 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