{"id":50008551,"date":"2017-02-21T14:10:03","date_gmt":"2017-02-21T14:10:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=8551"},"modified":"2023-05-11T16:28:34","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T15:28:34","slug":"8544-a-importancia-da-agricultura-para-solucao-da-escassez-de-agua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/agua\/8544-a-importancia-da-agricultura-para-solucao-da-escassez-de-agua\/","title":{"rendered":"A import\u00e2ncia da agricultura para solu\u00e7\u00e3o da escassez de \u00e1gua"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Durante as pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas, centenas de comunidades ter\u00e3o de enfrentar poss\u00edveis deslocamentos em massa, for\u00e7ados ou volunt\u00e1rios, simplesmente porque n\u00e3o h\u00e1 \u00e1gua suficiente para abastecer as atividades normais da agricultura e da ind\u00fastria.<\/p>\n<p>A hist\u00f3ria da regi\u00e3o de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/9586-Life-without-water-in-Xihaigu\">Xihaigu<\/a>&nbsp;(publicada recentemente no&nbsp;<em>chinadialogue<\/em>), na prov\u00edncia chinesa de Ningxia, \u00e9 apenas mais um exemplo em meio a um n\u00famero crescente deles que nos servem de alerta.<\/p>\n<p>Nos locais onde os assentamentos s\u00e3o \u201cgrandes demais para falhar\u201d \u2013 como Pequim e&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/as-torneiras-do-brasil-estao-secas-e-a-culpa-e-da-ma-gestao-da-agua-e-do-desmatamento\/?lang=pt-pt\">S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013, n\u00e3o haver\u00e1 outra op\u00e7\u00e3o sen\u00e3o trazer mais \u00e1gua de fora, como acontece no&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/blog\/6737-South-North-water-transfer-project-not-sustainable-says-Chinese-official\/en\">Projeto de Transfer\u00eancia de \u00c1gua Sul-Norte da China<\/a>&nbsp;e mudar de forma substancial a maneira como s\u00e3o utilizados os recursos h\u00eddricos existentes. Ent\u00e3o, quais s\u00e3o as mudan\u00e7as que podemos implementar e quanto elas custam?<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e1 s\u00e3o&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/global.nature.org\/content\/water-share-report\">recorrentes<\/a>&nbsp;os epis\u00f3dios de escassez de \u00e1gua em mais de 50% das cidades do mundo e em 75% de todas as fazendas irrigadas. Onde existe escassez, a agricultura irrigada \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por 90% do consumo da \u00e1gua, em m\u00e9dia. O setor agr\u00edcola \u00e9 um alvo estrat\u00e9gico para melhorar as pr\u00e1ticas de aloca\u00e7\u00e3o e de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua e j\u00e1 existem formas comprovadas de promover sua maior efici\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<p>De maneira geral, podemos afirmar que as ferramentas para gerir a&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/el-nino-calor-e-administracao-ruim-levam-seca-a-bolivia\/?lang=pt-pt\">escassez<\/a>&nbsp;de \u00e1gua j\u00e1 existem e podem ser adotadas ou implementadas. O custo para os or\u00e7amentos federais ou estaduais \u00e9 significativamente menor do que o valor gerado pelos benef\u00edcios para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o, a economia e o meio-ambiente.<\/p>\n<p>A China adotou, em&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.odi.org\/sites\/odi.org.uk\/files\/odi-assets\/publications-opinion-files\/9151.pdf\">graus variados<\/a>, medidas t\u00e9cnicas (como a cobertura do solo com filmes de polietileno, revestimento de canais, plantio de variedades resistentes \u00e0 seca), incentivos econ\u00f4micos (expans\u00e3o da forma como o consumo de \u00e1gua \u00e9 apurado para apoiar um m\u00e9todo volum\u00e9trico de cobran\u00e7a), e incentivos regulat\u00f3rios (formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito ao uso das \u00e1guas da natureza e permiss\u00e3o da comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o desses direitos). Muitas dessas medidas podem oferecer benef\u00edcios que no fim s\u00e3o maiores do que os seus custos de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Em muitos casos, a inefici\u00eancia na aloca\u00e7\u00e3o e na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua \u00e9 t\u00e3o profunda que a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de mudan\u00e7as graduais e relativamente pequenas resultaria em uma economia enorme de dinheiro e de \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e1 quase uma d\u00e9cada, o&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability-and-resource-productivity\/our-insights\/charting-our-water-future\">Grupo de Recursos H\u00eddricos 2030<\/a>&nbsp;(\u201cWater Resources Group 2030\u201d) mostrou que quase todas as op\u00e7\u00f5es de baixo custo, que poderiam fechar a lacuna entre a oferta e a demanda de \u00e1gua na \u00cdndia, at\u00e9 2030, tinham como alvo a efici\u00eancia e a produtividade agr\u00edcola, incluindo: plantio direto; redu\u00e7\u00e3o do uso da \u00e1gua na irriga\u00e7\u00e3o; intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o do arroz; otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos processos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de fertilizantes; e melhor drenagem.<\/p>\n<p>Embora estes meios de conduzir a agricultura irrigada sejam tecnologicamente mais avan\u00e7ados do que a maioria dos meios existentes na \u00cdndia, eles n\u00e3o s\u00e3o, de forma alguma, considerados avan\u00e7os inovadores na gest\u00e3o da \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n<p>Os \u00f3rg\u00e3os federais e locais de gest\u00e3o h\u00eddrica, bem como as autoridades que enfrentam os desafios da&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/lata-dagua-na-cabeca-ja-dizia-a-musica\/?lang=pt-pt\">escassez<\/a>&nbsp;de \u00e1gua, devem desenvolver planos para financiar e implementar interven\u00e7\u00f5es que tenham como foco a demanda se quiserem evitar a reloca\u00e7\u00e3o em massa, dispendiosa e muitas vezes traum\u00e1tica, das suas comunidades. Se as pessoas ficam e as condi\u00e7\u00f5es pioram, a desigualdade econ\u00f4mica e a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental s\u00e3o quase inevit\u00e1veis. \u00c9 parte fundamental da solu\u00e7\u00e3o entender melhor e comunicar o&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aither.com.au\/content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/HLPW-Valuing-Water3.pdf\">valor da \u00e1gua<\/a>&nbsp;e o verdadeiro custo da falta de a\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>Os tomadores de decis\u00e3o devem agir agora: o caminho \u00e9 longo e os desafios pol\u00edticos e de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o que inevitavelmente surgir\u00e3o no caminho podem parecer insuper\u00e1veis. Mas n\u00e3o h\u00e1 futuro algum \u2013 seja ele econ\u00f4mico, social ou ambiental \u2013 na drenagem dos rios e na explora\u00e7\u00e3o dos aqu\u00edferos at\u00e9 que estes sequem.<\/p>\n<p><i>Esta mat\u00e9ria foi publicada&nbsp;<\/i><i>primeiramente<\/i><i>&nbsp;pelo&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=pt-BR&amp;q=http:\/\/dialogue.earth\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1487773067546000&amp;usg=AFQjCNELLAkhVzxX3r68S-m_qPF8t4H8BA\">c<wbr>hinadialogue.net<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metade das cidades do mundo sofre com falta d&#8217;\u00e1gua<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50026583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039956,50039924],"tags":[50040380,50040268,50040401,50041520],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003526,50003528,50040678],"class_list":["post-50008551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agua","category-alimentos","tag-agricultura-pt-br","tag-escassez-de-agua-pt-br","tag-irrigacao","tag-the-third-pole-pt-br","country-brasil-pt-br","country-china-pt-br","country-india-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A import\u00e2ncia da agricultura para solu\u00e7\u00e3o da escassez de \u00e1gua | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta 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