{"id":50008958,"date":"2017-05-04T13:35:26","date_gmt":"2017-05-04T12:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=8958"},"modified":"2023-05-11T17:39:26","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T16:39:26","slug":"8972-china-aumenta-extracao-de-recursos-naturais-na-america-latina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/negocios\/8972-china-aumenta-extracao-de-recursos-naturais-na-america-latina\/","title":{"rendered":"China aumenta extra\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais na Am\u00e9rica Latina"},"content":{"rendered":"

A China continua investindo fortemente na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais e em projetos de infraestrutura na Am\u00e9rica Latina. Segundo dados da pesquisadora da Iniciativa de Governan\u00e7a Econ\u00f4mica Mundial (GEGI<\/a>), da Universidade de Boston (EUA), Rebecca Ray, os investimentos chineses<\/a>em extra\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais no exterior saltaram de US$ 8,2 bilh\u00f5es, em 2015, para US$ 17,2 bilh\u00f5es, em 2016. \u201cCom a queda no pre\u00e7o das commodities, os pa\u00edses latino-americanos est\u00e3o come\u00e7ando a flexibilizar as leis de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental\u201d, alerta a investigadora chefe de investimentos chineses da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o N\u00e3o-Governamental (ONG) do Peru CooperAcci\u00f3n, Julia Cuadros.<\/p>\n

\u201cA trag\u00e9dia<\/a> dessa flexibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 s\u00f3 o custo socioambiental, \u00e9 que ela sequer era necess\u00e1ria\u201d, comenta Ray. \u201cA China n\u00e3o vai sair da Am\u00e9rica Latina porque os pre\u00e7os das commodities est\u00e3o baixos. A maioria das empresas \u00e9 estatal. Tem a fun\u00e7\u00e3o de ajudar o Estado. N\u00e3o \u00e9 como as empresas norte-americanas que deixavam os pa\u00edses de imediato quando os pre\u00e7os ca\u00edam porque visam o lucro imediato. Os governos da Am\u00e9rica Latina est\u00e3o trabalhando com uma vis\u00e3o do passado. N\u00e3o est\u00e3o sabendo lidar com esse novo tipo de ator\u201d, explica a pesquisadora do GEGI.<\/p>\n

At\u00e9 por isso, entidades e ONGs do subcontinente est\u00e3o se organizando para negociar com bancos e estatais chinesas na tentativa de faz\u00ea-los cumprir normas b\u00e1sicas socioambientais<\/a> de cada pa\u00eds onde atuam. Argentina, Peru e Equador, por exemplo, s\u00e3o pa\u00edses que j\u00e1 t\u00eam organiza\u00e7\u00f5es da sociedade civil acompanhando de perto o trabalho dos chineses e reivindicando maior transpar\u00eancia da China. \u201cO extrativismo estar\u00e1 sempre presente, porque temos petr\u00f3leo, min\u00e9rio, \u00e1gua e alimento. A discuss\u00e3o \u00e9 usar esses recursos de forma respons\u00e1vel. E essa \u00e9 uma discuss\u00e3o que cabe tamb\u00e9m aos organismos multilaterais\u201d, afirma a diretora para Iniciativa para Investimentos Sustent\u00e1veis China-Am\u00e9rica Latina (IISCAL), Paulina Garz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Equatoriana, Garz\u00f3n cita dois exemplos estudados por seu grupo em seu pa\u00eds de origem: a hidrel\u00e9trica<\/a>Coca Codo Synclair e a mineradora Mirador. Inaugurada em novembro do ano passado, a hidrel\u00e9trica \u00e9 a maior do Equador, vai gerar 1500 megawatts (MW) de energia, o que representa 30% da demanda nacional, foi constru\u00edda pela Sinohydro com financiamento do Eximbank da China sem qualquer estudo de impacto na maior cascata do pa\u00eds. A mina de cobre Mirador est\u00e1 sendo constru\u00edda sem o estudo de impacto ambiental e com a desaprova\u00e7\u00e3o da comunidade local. Financiado por cinco bancos chineses, o projeto de US$ 5,4 bilh\u00f5es, est\u00e1 a cargo da Tongling Non Ferrus e da China Railway Construction Corporation.<\/p>\n

A China j\u00e1 investiu US$ 24.478 bilh\u00f5es nas tr\u00eas minas<\/a> que explora no Peru: R\u00edo Blanco, Toromocho e Las Bambas, segundo a CooperAcci\u00f3n. Desse total, US$ 10 bilh\u00f5es foram para Las Bambas<\/a>, a maior mina de cobre do mundo e, at\u00e9 por isso, onde a ONG concentra seus esfor\u00e7os para conectar-se com os chineses. Assim que come\u00e7ou a produzir, em julho do ano passado, a mina foi comprada pela China Minmetals, Citic e Gouxin. Localizada em um dos lugares mais pobres do Peru, a passagem de 325 caminh\u00f5es por dia pela estrada de terra tem levantado muita poeira afetando a \u00e1gua, agricultura e a sa\u00fade da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e3o se sabe o que \u00e9 feito nem o que ser\u00e1 feito. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00e3o. N\u00e3o se diz nada \u00e0 popula\u00e7\u00e3o. As pessoas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o contra. S\u00f3 querem saber o que vai acontecer. Como v\u00e3o mitigar os problemas e querem respeito a seus direitos\u201d, diz Cuadros que tamb\u00e9m j\u00e1 est\u00e1 em contato com empresas chinesas. Apesar de n\u00e3o ter tido tanta sorte, a Fundaci\u00f3n Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN) da Argentina conseguiu manter contato com in\u00fameras entidades civis chinesas quando sua coordenadora de economia e pol\u00edtica ambiental, Mar\u00eda Marta Di Paola, esteve em Pequim para tentar conversar ao vivo com representantes dos bancos chineses.<\/p>\n

\u201cPelo menos descobrimos o cross-defaut\u201d, diz Paola referindo-se ao fato de o empr\u00e9stimo para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de 10 mil quil\u00f4metros de ferrovia no norte argentino \u2013 para escoar principalmente l\u00edtio \u2013 estar vinculado \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de duas hidrel\u00e9tricas<\/a> no extremo sul da Argentina. O problema \u00e9 que essas hidrel\u00e9tricas<\/a>, estimadas em US$ 4,7 bilh\u00f5es, poderiam afetar a biodiversidade da \u00e1rea e as tr\u00eas geleiras da Patag\u00f4nia<\/a>, Upsala, Spegazzini e Perito Moreno, esta declarada Patrim\u00f4nio da Humanidade<\/a>pela UNESCO. Outra dificuldade enfrentada pela Argentina \u00e9 que esse \u00e9 o \u00fanico pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina que n\u00e3o tem uma lei ambiental, segundo queixa Paola.<\/p>\n

Antes isoladas em seus respectivos pa\u00edses, as ONGs e entidades da sociedade civil come\u00e7am a se unir para negociar com a China e os chineses. Um desses encontros ocorreu em Washington DC, na sede do Inter-American Dialogue<\/a> e foi intermediado por Michael Shifter, presidente da entidade. \u201cEstamos tentando aprender sobre a China, mas falta transpar\u00eancia e h\u00e1 v\u00e1rias Chinas dentro da China. E os pa\u00edses latino-americanos tamb\u00e9m precisam decidir o que querem dos chineses\u201d, diz Garz\u00f3n. Dois outros encontros, com outras organiza\u00e7\u00f5es, est\u00e3o previstos ainda para este m\u00eas para discutir a rela\u00e7\u00e3o China-Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Governos latinos afrouxam leis ambientais para receber financiamento<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40000225,"featured_media":50008962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039919],"tags":[50029818,50029739],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003524,50003528,50003535,50003540],"class_list":["post-50008958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-negocios","tag-cadeias-produtivas","tag-mineracao","country-argentina-pt-br","country-china-pt-br","country-equador","country-peru-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina aumenta extra\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais na Am\u00e9rica Latina | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Governos latinos afrouxam leis ambientais para receber financiamento\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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