{"id":50029651,"date":"2019-08-15T15:52:05","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T14:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=29651"},"modified":"2023-06-04T14:49:12","modified_gmt":"2023-06-04T13:49:12","slug":"29612-produtores-de-acucar-de-el-salvador-pedem-livre-comercio-com-taiwan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/negocios\/29612-produtores-de-acucar-de-el-salvador-pedem-livre-comercio-com-taiwan\/","title":{"rendered":"Produtores de a\u00e7\u00facar de El Salvador pedem livre com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em agosto de 2018, El Salvador acompanhou a Rep\u00fablica Dominicana e o Panam\u00e1 em trocar suas alian\u00e7as diplom\u00e1ticas com Taiwan pelas com a China. Contudo, em mar\u00e7o de 2019, o ent\u00e3o presidente eleito Nayib Bukele<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-el-salvador-diplomacy-china\/responding-to-el-salvador-president-elect-china-denies-it-meddles-idUSKCN1QV3AI\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lan\u00e7ou d\u00favidas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sobre a possibilidade de seu governo manter essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o. \u201cA China n\u00e3o segue as regras do jogo; eles n\u00e3o respeitam as regras\u201d, disse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A embaixada chinesa em El Salvador respondeu com uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o afirmando que a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre a China e El Salvador n\u00e3o seria uma \u201carmadilha de endividamento, mas um \u00f3timo neg\u00f3cio para ambas as na\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desde ent\u00e3o, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os pa\u00edses parece ter melhorado. Ap\u00f3s<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/22556-what-next-for-china-and-el-salvador\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tomar posse em junho<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Bukele admitiu reconhecer a posi\u00e7\u00e3o da China na geopol\u00edtica global,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-el-salvador-politics-china\/el-salvador-president-says-china-relations-fully-established-idUSKCN1TS39O\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consolidando<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> uma importante rela\u00e7\u00e3o de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. El Salvador enviou<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcr.gob.sv\/bcrsite\/uploaded\/content\/category\/1674247973.pdf\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">83,2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em produtos para a China ano passado, 82% mais que no ano anterior, tornando a China o sexto maior destino para exporta\u00e7\u00f5es salvadorenhas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O a\u00e7\u00facar comp\u00f5e 94,6% das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es salvadorenhas para a China, segundo o<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcr.gob.sv\/esp\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banco Central de Reserva<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (BCR). A conquista \u00e9 motivo de otimismo para alguns, mas suscita oposi\u00e7\u00e3o de pequenos fazendeiros que operam num mercado incerto. Preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre as consequ\u00eancias ambientais do agroneg\u00f3cio tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o crescendo<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rainforests.mongabay.com\/20elsalvador.htm\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">no segundo pa\u00eds mais desmatado<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>O caso do sindicato do a\u00e7\u00facar<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/es\/article\/home\/Reclaman_por_cancelacin_de_TLC_con_Taiwn\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Associa\u00e7\u00e3o do A\u00e7\u00facar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (AAES), sindicato respons\u00e1vel por organizar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar em El Salvador, expressou preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com o<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portalcania.com.ar\/noticia\/el-poder-del-sector-azucarero-impide-que-el-salvador-se-acerque-a-china\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cancelamento do tratado de livre com\u00e9rcio<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> com Taiwan, cujo per\u00edodo de vig\u00eancia deveria ter come\u00e7ado em 15 de mar\u00e7o deste ano. Em fevereiro, o sindicato<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SalaCnalSV\/status\/1105918202465398788?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1105918202465398788&amp;ref_url=https:\/\/www.portalcania.com.ar\/noticia\/el-poder-del-sector-azucarero-impide-que-el-salvador-se-acerque-a-chi\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processou<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> o Minist\u00e9rio de Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Exteriores de El Salvador.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cComo setor produtivo nos sentimos muito afetados por essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o, porque vamos sofrer perdas econ\u00f4micas significativas\u201d,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralamericadata.com\/es\/article\/home\/Reclaman_por_cancelacin_de_TLC_con_Taiwn\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">disse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mario Salaverr\u00eda, presidente do sindicato. \u201cNem n\u00f3s, nem Taiwan fomos consultados nesse processo.\u201d A AAES j\u00e1 havia assinado acordos para vender 80 mil toneladas de a\u00e7\u00facar a Taiwan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O sindicato tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 preocupado com as altas tarifas que a China imp\u00f4s sobre o a\u00e7\u00facar. O pa\u00eds receve 1<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-china-sugar-imports\/china-to-hit-more-sugar-imports-with-extra-tariffs-from-august-1-idUSKBN1K60RY\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,94 milh\u00f5es de toneladas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de a\u00e7\u00facar por ano, sendo um dos maiores importadores do mundo. Mas a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/201905\/27\/WS5cebab71a3104842260be0b7.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seca<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de 2016 afetou a produ\u00e7\u00e3o dom\u00e9stica, e pequenos produtores (principalmente da prov\u00edncia de Yunnan) sofreram. Num esfor\u00e7o para ajudar os fazendeiros chineses, ano passado o governo come\u00e7ou a restringir importa\u00e7\u00f5es, aplicando tarifas altas nos maiores importadores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temendo o impacto das tarifas em sua economia, o Brasil levou suas<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesslive.co.za\/bd\/world\/2018-10-22-brazil-goes-to-wto-over-sugar-imports-to-china\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e0 Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial do Com\u00e9rcio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numa tentativa de acalmar os produtores salvadorenhos, a China<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsalvador.com\/noticias\/negocios\/sector-azucarero-salvadoreno-se-pronuncia-ante-el-interes-de-china-popular-de-comprar-su-producto\/571697\/2019\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">declarou<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> em mar\u00e7o deste ano que \u201cas empresas chinesas s\u00e3o motivadas a comprar a\u00e7\u00facar e outros produtos de El Salvador&#8230; as tarifas ser\u00e3o pagas pelos importadores de a\u00e7\u00facar, n\u00e3o sobre os exportadores. Os produtores de El Salvador podem ficar tranquilos em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a isso\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cA China mencionou que compraria nosso a\u00e7\u00facar, mas para n\u00f3s o tratado de livre com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan n\u00e3o \u00e9 negoci\u00e1vel\u201d, explica Salaverr\u00eda. \u201cClaro, j\u00e1 estamos vendendo para a China, mas a pre\u00e7os com \u2018taxas de mercado global\u2019, com tarifas de 85%. Com Taiwan, pagamos zero tarifas\u201d, afirma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salvaderr\u00eda explica que a luta da AAES n\u00e3o \u00e9 afetar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a China, mas manter uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o comercial com Taiwan e uma diplom\u00e1tica com a China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Segundo Salvaderr\u00eda, o sindicato j\u00e1 se reuniu com representantes do governo, que a portas fechadas concordaram em manter o Tratado de Livre Com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan. A Suprema Corte salvadorenha ordenou a suspens\u00e3o ou o cancelamento do tratado, mas at\u00e9 agora n\u00e3o houve uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o oficial pedindo sua continua\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>O custo ambiental da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A alta demanda e as necessidades econ\u00f4micas em El Salvador levaram a uma expans\u00e3o da agricultura industrial \u2014 sobretudo de a\u00e7\u00facar e caf\u00e9 \u2014, acelerando a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e o desmatamento. Planta\u00e7\u00f5es de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar requerem v\u00e1rios pesticidas, que prejudicam o solo e as nascentes de rios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cProblemas ambientais n\u00e3o costumam ser assunto em El Salvador\u201d, afirma Gabriel Labrador, pesquisador do jornal El Faro. \u201cE como n\u00e3o h\u00e1 regula\u00e7\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, as empresas abusam dos recursos naturais.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Salvador tem a segunda maior superf\u00edcie de planta\u00e7\u00f5es de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar da Am\u00e9rica Central, e na Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">est\u00e1 atr\u00e1s apenas do Haiti em termos de desmatamento. Mais da metade das terras salvadorenhas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o adequadas para cultivo, e a eros\u00e3o acelera. Nesse cen\u00e1rio, as pessoas s\u00e3o mais vulner\u00e1veis a desastres naturais e a secas. Fontes de \u00e1gua tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o alvo de polui\u00e7\u00e3o intensa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOs que det\u00eam a tecnologia para explorar fontes h\u00eddrica o fazem sem qualquer consequ\u00eancia em El Salvador\u201d, acrescenta Labrador. \u201cA ind\u00fastria da cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar \u00e9 a que consome mais \u00e1gua. H\u00e1 graves impactos ambientais devido \u00e0 quantidade de \u00e1gua usada, e n\u00e3o h\u00e1 pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em 2016, a falta de regula\u00e7\u00e3o permitiu que mais de 250 mil gal\u00f5es de melado de uma f\u00e1brica de a\u00e7\u00facar fossem<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/es\/201606\/video\/18743\/La-tragedia-de-La-Magdalena.htm\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">derramados<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> no rio Magdalena, afetando 400 fam\u00edlias e matando milhares de peixes, crust\u00e1ceos, moluscos e anf\u00edbios.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cComo n\u00e3o h\u00e1 pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas nem regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es nesse setor, controlar o impacto ambiental depende da boa vontade das empresas\u201d, acrescenta Labrador. \u201cE \u00e0 medida que a demanda cresce isso se torna mais perigoso\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ap\u00f3s troca diplom\u00e1tica que favorece a China, fazendeiros pressionam governo para diminuir tarifas <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3250,"featured_media":50029614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039919],"tags":[50040380,50029833,50003594],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003528,50029555],"class_list":["post-50029651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-negocios","tag-agricultura-pt-br","tag-comercio","tag-desmatamento","country-china-pt-br","country-el-salvador-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Produtores de 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