{"id":50029651,"date":"2019-08-15T15:52:05","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T14:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=29651"},"modified":"2023-06-04T14:49:12","modified_gmt":"2023-06-04T13:49:12","slug":"29612-produtores-de-acucar-de-el-salvador-pedem-livre-comercio-com-taiwan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/negocios\/29612-produtores-de-acucar-de-el-salvador-pedem-livre-comercio-com-taiwan\/","title":{"rendered":"Produtores de a\u00e7\u00facar de El Salvador pedem livre com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Em agosto de 2018, El Salvador acompanhou a Rep\u00fablica Dominicana e o Panam\u00e1 em trocar suas alian\u00e7as diplom\u00e1ticas com Taiwan pelas com a China. Contudo, em mar\u00e7o de 2019, o ent\u00e3o presidente eleito Nayib Bukele<\/span> lan\u00e7ou d\u00favidas<\/span><\/a> sobre a possibilidade de seu governo manter essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o. \u201cA China n\u00e3o segue as regras do jogo; eles n\u00e3o respeitam as regras\u201d, disse.<\/span><\/p>\n

A embaixada chinesa em El Salvador respondeu com uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o afirmando que a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre a China e El Salvador n\u00e3o seria uma \u201carmadilha de endividamento, mas um \u00f3timo neg\u00f3cio para ambas as na\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Desde ent\u00e3o, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre os pa\u00edses parece ter melhorado. Ap\u00f3s<\/span> tomar posse em junho<\/span><\/a>, Bukele admitiu reconhecer a posi\u00e7\u00e3o da China na geopol\u00edtica global,<\/span> consolidando<\/span><\/a> uma importante rela\u00e7\u00e3o de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. El Salvador enviou<\/span> 83,2<\/span><\/a> milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em produtos para a China ano passado, 82% mais que no ano anterior, tornando a China o sexto maior destino para exporta\u00e7\u00f5es salvadorenhas.<\/span><\/p>\n

O a\u00e7\u00facar comp\u00f5e 94,6% das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es salvadorenhas para a China, segundo o<\/span> Banco Central de Reserva<\/span><\/a> (BCR). A conquista \u00e9 motivo de otimismo para alguns, mas suscita oposi\u00e7\u00e3o de pequenos fazendeiros que operam num mercado incerto. Preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre as consequ\u00eancias ambientais do agroneg\u00f3cio tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o crescendo<\/span> no segundo pa\u00eds mais desmatado<\/span><\/a> da Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/span><\/p>\n

O caso do sindicato do a\u00e7\u00facar<\/b><\/h2>\n

A<\/span> Associa\u00e7\u00e3o do A\u00e7\u00facar<\/span><\/a> (AAES), sindicato respons\u00e1vel por organizar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar em El Salvador, expressou preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com o<\/span> cancelamento do tratado de livre com\u00e9rcio<\/span><\/a> com Taiwan, cujo per\u00edodo de vig\u00eancia deveria ter come\u00e7ado em 15 de mar\u00e7o deste ano. Em fevereiro, o sindicato<\/span> processou<\/span><\/a> o Minist\u00e9rio de Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Exteriores de El Salvador.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cComo setor produtivo nos sentimos muito afetados por essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o, porque vamos sofrer perdas econ\u00f4micas significativas\u201d,<\/span> disse<\/span><\/a> Mario Salaverr\u00eda, presidente do sindicato. \u201cNem n\u00f3s, nem Taiwan fomos consultados nesse processo.\u201d A AAES j\u00e1 havia assinado acordos para vender 80 mil toneladas de a\u00e7\u00facar a Taiwan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O sindicato tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 preocupado com as altas tarifas que a China imp\u00f4s sobre o a\u00e7\u00facar. O pa\u00eds receve 1<\/span>,94 milh\u00f5es de toneladas<\/span><\/a> de a\u00e7\u00facar por ano, sendo um dos maiores importadores do mundo. Mas a<\/span> seca<\/span><\/a> de 2016 afetou a produ\u00e7\u00e3o dom\u00e9stica, e pequenos produtores (principalmente da prov\u00edncia de Yunnan) sofreram. Num esfor\u00e7o para ajudar os fazendeiros chineses, ano passado o governo come\u00e7ou a restringir importa\u00e7\u00f5es, aplicando tarifas altas nos maiores importadores.<\/span><\/p>\n

Temendo o impacto das tarifas em sua economia, o Brasil levou suas<\/span> preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial do Com\u00e9rcio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Numa tentativa de acalmar os produtores salvadorenhos, a China<\/span> declarou<\/span><\/a> em mar\u00e7o deste ano que \u201cas empresas chinesas s\u00e3o motivadas a comprar a\u00e7\u00facar e outros produtos de El Salvador… as tarifas ser\u00e3o pagas pelos importadores de a\u00e7\u00facar, n\u00e3o sobre os exportadores. Os produtores de El Salvador podem ficar tranquilos em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a isso\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA China mencionou que compraria nosso a\u00e7\u00facar, mas para n\u00f3s o tratado de livre com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan n\u00e3o \u00e9 negoci\u00e1vel\u201d, explica Salaverr\u00eda. \u201cClaro, j\u00e1 estamos vendendo para a China, mas a pre\u00e7os com \u2018taxas de mercado global\u2019, com tarifas de 85%. Com Taiwan, pagamos zero tarifas\u201d, afirma.<\/span><\/p>\n

Salvaderr\u00eda explica que a luta da AAES n\u00e3o \u00e9 afetar a rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a China, mas manter uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o comercial com Taiwan e uma diplom\u00e1tica com a China.<\/span><\/p>\n

Segundo Salvaderr\u00eda, o sindicato j\u00e1 se reuniu com representantes do governo, que a portas fechadas concordaram em manter o Tratado de Livre Com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan. A Suprema Corte salvadorenha ordenou a suspens\u00e3o ou o cancelamento do tratado, mas at\u00e9 agora n\u00e3o houve uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o oficial pedindo sua continua\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

O custo ambiental da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00facar<\/b><\/h2>\n

A alta demanda e as necessidades econ\u00f4micas em El Salvador levaram a uma expans\u00e3o da agricultura industrial \u2014 sobretudo de a\u00e7\u00facar e caf\u00e9 \u2014, acelerando a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e o desmatamento. Planta\u00e7\u00f5es de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar requerem v\u00e1rios pesticidas, que prejudicam o solo e as nascentes de rios.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cProblemas ambientais n\u00e3o costumam ser assunto em El Salvador\u201d, afirma Gabriel Labrador, pesquisador do jornal El Faro. \u201cE como n\u00e3o h\u00e1 regula\u00e7\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, as empresas abusam dos recursos naturais.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

El Salvador tem a segunda maior superf\u00edcie de planta\u00e7\u00f5es de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar da Am\u00e9rica Central, e na Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/span> est\u00e1 atr\u00e1s apenas do Haiti em termos de desmatamento. Mais da metade das terras salvadorenhas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o adequadas para cultivo, e a eros\u00e3o acelera. Nesse cen\u00e1rio, as pessoas s\u00e3o mais vulner\u00e1veis a desastres naturais e a secas. Fontes de \u00e1gua tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o alvo de polui\u00e7\u00e3o intensa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOs que det\u00eam a tecnologia para explorar fontes h\u00eddrica o fazem sem qualquer consequ\u00eancia em El Salvador\u201d, acrescenta Labrador. \u201cA ind\u00fastria da cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar \u00e9 a que consome mais \u00e1gua. H\u00e1 graves impactos ambientais devido \u00e0 quantidade de \u00e1gua usada, e n\u00e3o h\u00e1 pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Em 2016, a falta de regula\u00e7\u00e3o permitiu que mais de 250 mil gal\u00f5es de melado de uma f\u00e1brica de a\u00e7\u00facar fossem<\/span> derramados<\/span><\/a> no rio Magdalena, afetando 400 fam\u00edlias e matando milhares de peixes, crust\u00e1ceos, moluscos e anf\u00edbios.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cComo n\u00e3o h\u00e1 pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas nem regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es nesse setor, controlar o impacto ambiental depende da boa vontade das empresas\u201d, acrescenta Labrador. \u201cE \u00e0 medida que a demanda cresce isso se torna mais perigoso\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ap\u00f3s troca diplom\u00e1tica que favorece a China, fazendeiros pressionam governo para diminuir tarifas <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3250,"featured_media":50029614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039919],"tags":[50040380,50029833,50003594],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003528,50029555],"class_list":["post-50029651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-negocios","tag-agricultura-pt-br","tag-comercio","tag-desmatamento","country-china-pt-br","country-el-salvador-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nProdutores de a\u00e7\u00facar de El Salvador pedem livre com\u00e9rcio com Taiwan | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ap\u00f3s troca diplom\u00e1tica que favorece a China, fazendeiros pressionam governo para diminuir tarifas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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