{"id":50035324,"date":"2020-05-18T10:00:54","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T09:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=35324"},"modified":"2022-07-05T17:58:40","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T16:58:40","slug":"35309-coronavirus-prejudica-extracao-de-litio-no-chile-e-na-argentina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/negocios\/35309-coronavirus-prejudica-extracao-de-litio-no-chile-e-na-argentina\/","title":{"rendered":"Coronav\u00edrus prejudica extra\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio no Chile e na Argentina"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apesar das expectativas de expans\u00e3o, o setor do l\u00edtio na Argentina e no Chile j\u00e1 come\u00e7ou a sofrer impactos da pandemia do coronav\u00edrus. A quarentena obrigat\u00f3ria interrompeu projetos em andamento e causou o cancelamento de investimentos significativos.<\/p>\n

Argentina, Chile e Bol\u00edvia fazem parte do chamado \u201ctri\u00e2ngulo do l\u00edtio\u201d da Am\u00e9rica do Sul, uma das regi\u00f5es do mundo com a maior concentra\u00e7\u00e3o do mineral. O l\u00edtio tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 essencial para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de ve\u00edculos el\u00e9tricos<\/a>, cuja demanda deve aumentar nos pr\u00f3ximos anos.<\/p>\n

\n

110,000<\/p>\n

\n
\ntoneladas de l\u00edtio a menos ser\u00e3o produzidas este ano pelo coronav\u00edrus
\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Com a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da quarentena, espera-se que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio mundial diminua em 110 mil toneladas este ano, o que representa uma perda de 960 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares, segundo a consultoria inglesa Roskill<\/a>. Na Argentina, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o cairia em 35% e, no Chile, cerca de 20%.<\/p>\n

Entre os investimentos cancelados ou adiados h\u00e1 v\u00e1rios que estavam sendo planejados por empresas chinesas. A China \u00e9 hoje o maior consumidor de l\u00edtio do mundo, principalmente para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de baterias.<\/p>\n

Enquanto o Chile j\u00e1 alcan\u00e7ou amplo desenvolvimento de suas atividades mineradoras e exporta cerca de 40 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares por ano em min\u00e9rios, a Argentina ainda apresenta um desenvolvimento incipiente do setor, com exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de 3,7 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares. O governo tem buscado aumentar esse valor e espera que o l\u00edtio ajude a cumprir parte deste objetivo.<\/p>\n

\u201cA produ\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio \u00e9 altamente vulner\u00e1vel ao tipo de perturba\u00e7\u00e3o que uma pandemia como o coronav\u00edrus pode causar\u201d, argumenta Emily Hersh, economista especializada no mercado do l\u00edtio. \u201cA quarentena vai afetar toda a ind\u00fastria\u201d.<\/p>\n

Argentina pisa no freio<\/h2>\n

A Argentina est\u00e1 sob uma estrita quarentena obrigat\u00f3ria desde o fim de mar\u00e7o para frear o coronav\u00edrus. Embora o setor de minera\u00e7\u00e3o tenha sido inclu\u00eddo entre as exce\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0s medidas de isolamento, os transportes terrestre e a\u00e9reo foram interrompidos em todo o pa\u00eds, impedindo a locomo\u00e7\u00e3o dos trabalhadores.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs empresas produtoras fizeram esfor\u00e7os para reiniciar suas exporta\u00e7\u00f5es. Mas a demanda \u00e9 mito baixa, tudo foi interrompido\u201d, explica Alberto Carlocchia, presidente da C\u00e2mara de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o da Argentina. \u201cOs principais projetos mineradores est\u00e3o funcionando a menos de 50% de sua capacidade.\u201d<\/p>\n

Na Argentina, o l\u00edtio \u00e9 extra\u00eddo sobretudo nas prov\u00edncias de Jujuy, Catamarca e Salta, no norte do pa\u00eds. Atualmente, h\u00e1 dois salares em opera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>: Olaroz, em Jujuy, e Hombre Muerto, em Catamarca. Em 2019, as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es do min\u00e9rio renderam 250 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares.<\/p>\n

O projeto Cauchar\u00ed-Olaroz, que pertence em partes iguais \u00e0 empresa canadense Lithium Americas e \u00e0 chinesa Ganfeng Lithium, interrompeu sua constru\u00e7\u00e3o em mar\u00e7o devido a atrasos na entrega de equipamentos vindos da China. Em vez do fim do ano, agora espera-se que a mina esteja pronta em 2021.<\/p>\n

\u201cEstamos avaliando o impacto da Covid-19 no programa de desenvolvimento, e estamos incluindo discuss\u00f5es com todos os provedores e agentes de carga no cronograma de entrega, para avaliar o impacto no cronograma e desenvolver estrat\u00e9gias de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, afirma a empresa.<\/p>\n

Em Catamarca, a empresa americana Livent Corporation, que controla o Projeto Fenix em Catamarca, j\u00e1 em opera\u00e7\u00e3o, decidiu colocar seus planos de expans\u00e3o de capacidade \u201csob revis\u00e3o\u201d. A Livent espera uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o na demanda o mineral, assim como pre\u00e7os mais baixos.<\/p>\n

Da mesma maneira, a empresa francesa Eramet tamb\u00e9m decidiu cancelar um projeto de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio no salar Centenario-Ratones na prov\u00edncia de Salta, avaliado em 600 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares. A Eramet j\u00e1 havia investido 140 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares, mas o coronav\u00edrus e o contexto econ\u00f4mico da Argentina interromperam seus planos.<\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00e1 uma clara diminui\u00e7\u00e3o de velocidade no setor do l\u00edtio. H\u00e1 projetos em constru\u00e7\u00e3o que desaceleraram e est\u00e3o praticamente parados. As empresas n\u00e3o sabem como ser\u00e1 o futuro do setor na Argentina\u201d, explica Julio R\u00edos G\u00f3mez, ge\u00f3logo e ex-presidente do Servi\u00e7o Geol\u00f3gico Argentino.<\/p>\n

Preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es semelhantes<\/h2>\n

O Chile \u00e9 o segundo maior produtor de l\u00edtio do mundo, atr\u00e1s apenas da Austr\u00e1lia. O pa\u00eds possui cerca de 22% das reservas mundiais do mineral<\/a>. Ano passado, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o chilena alcan\u00e7ou as 16 mil toneladas, todas extra\u00eddas dos desertos de sal do Atacama.<\/p>\n

Atualmente h\u00e1 apenas duas empresas que extraem l\u00edtio no Chile: a americana Albemarle e a chilena Sociedad Qu\u00edmica y Minera de Chile (SQM). Em 2018, o grupo chin\u00eas Tianqi Lithiu, um dos maiores produtores de l\u00edtio do mundo, comprou 24% das a\u00e7\u00f5es da SQM por 4 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares.<\/p>\n

A maior parte da produ\u00e7\u00e3o da SQM no Chile se mant\u00e9m est\u00e1vel, mas a empresa afirmou que a queda na demanda do mineral pode lev\u00e1-la a ajustar seus planos para este ano. A SQM planejava investir 330 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares para expandir sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o, mas o projeto est\u00e1 sob revis\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Desde a venda das a\u00e7\u00f5es da SQM, os pre\u00e7os do l\u00edtio ca\u00edram 70%, e a expectativa n\u00e3o \u00e9 boa para este ano. A Tianqi prev\u00ea uma perda de 131,7 milh\u00f5es<\/a> de d\u00f3lares na primeira metade do ano, ap\u00f3s j\u00e1 ter perdido 848 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em 2019, segundo seus relat\u00f3rios financeiros.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c0 medida que continuamos avaliando o cen\u00e1rio econ\u00f4mico global e seus impactos no crescimento da demanda, podemos julgar prudente adiar ou modificar nosso plano de gastos para este ano\u201d, explica Alberto Salas, presidente do conselho diretor da SQM.<\/p>\n

O Ministro de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o, Baldo Prokurica, j\u00e1 pediu que as mineradoras reduzissem o n\u00famero de funcion\u00e1rios em campo e minimizassem o tr\u00e2nsito de trabalhadores. As empresas estenderam os turnos de trabalho dos 7 dias habituais para 14 dias, com o objetivo de reduzir a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o dos funcion\u00e1rios durante seu transporte para as minas. Al\u00e9m disso, as empresas tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o mantendo os trabalhadores em quarentena preventiva quando retornam.<\/p>\n

O Chile registrou uma queda de 38,5% no valor de suas exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de l\u00edtio do primeiro trimestre, segundo dados alfandeg\u00e1rios. L\u00edderes ind\u00edgenas na regi\u00e3o do Atacama pediram que as empresas interrompessem as opera\u00e7\u00f5es para evitar a propaga\u00e7\u00e3o do v\u00edrus \u2014 o que ainda n\u00e3o foi feito.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apesar das expectativas de expans\u00e3o, o setor do l\u00edtio na Argentina e no Chile j\u00e1 come\u00e7ou a sofrer impactos da pandemia do coronav\u00edrus. A quarentena obrigat\u00f3ria interrompeu projetos em andamento e causou o cancelamento de investimentos significativos. Argentina, Chile e Bol\u00edvia fazem parte do chamado \u201ctri\u00e2ngulo do l\u00edtio\u201d da Am\u00e9rica do Sul, uma das regi\u00f5es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":50035313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039919],"tags":[50040063,50040160,50029739],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003524,50003531],"class_list":["post-50035324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-negocios","tag-covid-19-pt-br","tag-litio","tag-mineracao","country-argentina-pt-br","country-chile-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCoronav\u00edrus prejudica extra\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio no Chile e na Argentina | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Projetos de l\u00edtio em desenvolvimento foram interrompidos, e investimentos significativos foram 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