{"id":50046405,"date":"2021-09-17T17:38:50","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T16:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=46405"},"modified":"2023-02-14T19:13:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T19:13:09","slug":"46399-brics-mantem-coesao-apesar-de-crises-baixa-expectativa-e-covid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/negocios\/46399-brics-mantem-coesao-apesar-de-crises-baixa-expectativa-e-covid\/","title":{"rendered":"Brics mant\u00eam coes\u00e3o apesar de crises, baixa expectativa e Covid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Em meio a desinteresse p\u00fablico, ceticismo, crises internas e o cen\u00e1rio de Covid-19, os pa\u00edses dos Brics cumpriram semana passada seu compromisso de realizar uma c\u00fapula anual sem mostrar os sinais de desuni\u00e3o que t\u00eam afetado o grupo nos \u00faltimos anos.<\/p>\n<p>Afinal, o que mant\u00e9m o bloco de na\u00e7\u00f5es emergentes coeso?<\/p>\n<p>Na C\u00fapula dos Brics, os chefes de Estado de Brasil, R\u00fassia, \u00cdndia, China e \u00c1frica do Sul renovaram pela d\u00e9cima terceira vez a promessa de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o, em uma edi\u00e7\u00e3o sem incidentes, <a href=\"https:\/\/economia.uol.com.br\/noticias\/reuters\/2020\/11\/17\/cupula-do-brics-expoe-diferencas-e-racha-entre-brasil-e-china.htm\">como as farpas<\/a> e improvisos do ano passado \u2014 mas tamb\u00e9m sem atrair o interesse p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n<p>As buscas por not\u00edcias sobre os Brics no per\u00edodo da confer\u00eancia tiveram um dos pontos mais baixos de aten\u00e7\u00e3o de sua hist\u00f3ria, segundo o Google Trends. Pesquisas online costumam ter picos de popularidade durante o evento, mas nunca despertaram tanto interesse como na c\u00fapula de 2014, quando o bloco lan\u00e7ou o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (NBD), nem t\u00e3o pouco como este ano.<\/p>\n<div data-src=\"visualisation\/7280068\"><div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><a href=\"http:\/\/iframe%20src='https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/7280978\/embed'%20title='Interactive%20or%20visual%20content'%20class='flourish-embed-iframe'%20frameborder='0'%20scrolling='no'%20style='width:100%;height:600px;'%20sandbox='allow-same-origin%20allow-forms%20allow-scripts%20allow-downloads%20allow-popups%20allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox%20allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation'\/iframediv%20style='width:100%!;margin-top:4px!important;text-align:right!important;'a%20class='flourish-credit'%20href='https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/7280978\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/7280978'%20target='_top'%20style='text-decoration:none!important'img%20alt='Made%20with%20Flourish'%20src='https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/made_with_flourish.svg'%20style='width:105px!important;height:16px!important;border:none!important;margin:0!important;'%20\/a\/div\"><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/7280978\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Na\u00e7\u00f5es com economias em ascens\u00e3o criaram os Brics em meio a grandes \u2014 talvez grandes demais \u2014 expectativas sobre seu potencial de redefinir a governan\u00e7a global. O atual ceticismo em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a esse avan\u00e7o pode estar por tr\u00e1s da pouca aten\u00e7\u00e3o dada ao grupo. Nem um dos mais entusiastas da ideia, o economista Jim O\u2019Neill, que cunhou o acr\u00f4nimo dos Brics h\u00e1 duas d\u00e9cadas, parece impressionado com seus \u00faltimos desdobramentos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cO fracasso cont\u00ednuo do bloco em desenvolver pol\u00edticas substanciais por meio de sua c\u00fapula anual tornou-se cada vez mais evidente\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.project-syndicate.org\/commentary\/brics-20-years-of-disappointment-by-jim-o-neill-2021-09\">escreveu<\/a> O\u2019Neill ap\u00f3s o evento.<\/p>\n<h2>Primeira d\u00e9cada de sucesso dos Brics<\/h2>\n<p>A frustra\u00e7\u00e3o de O\u2019Neill cresce ao lembrar do \u201csucesso estrondoso\u201d das quatro na\u00e7\u00f5es fundadoras do BRICS na primeira d\u00e9cada. A \u00c1frica do Sul se juntou ao grupo em 2010.<\/p>\n<p>Em 2009, a R\u00fassia sediou a primeira c\u00fapula dos pa\u00edses emergentes, que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-brazil-russia-idUSTRE4AP5H220081126\">buscavam<\/a> uma voz mais ativa nas discuss\u00f5es da economia global em resposta \u00e0 crise financeira que assolava o mundo.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Os Brics foram um ambiente de importante interlocu\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Em seus primeiros anos, \u201cos pa\u00edses pressionaram por reformas do Fundo Monet\u00e1rio Internacional e do Banco Mundial e ofereceram uma alternativa \u00e0 ordem financeira internacional ao criar o NBD\u201d, destacou Karin Costa Vazquez, do Centro para Estudos dos Brics na Universidade Fudan.<\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m nessa \u00e9poca que, com exce\u00e7\u00e3o da R\u00fassia do grupo Basic, as na\u00e7\u00f5es \u201cofereceram outro caminho\u201d nas negocia\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais do clima ap\u00f3s o \u201cfracasso dos pa\u00edses desenvolvidos em definir uma agenda clim\u00e1tica\u201d e do \u201ccolapso [da COP15] de Copenhague\u201d, lembrou Izabella Teixeira, que foi ministra do Meio Ambiente entre 2010 e 2016.<\/p>\n<div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_46409\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46409\" style=\"width: 2000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46409 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Cupula_dos_BRICS-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Brics C\u00fapula rela\u00e7\u00f5es bilaterais China Brasil \u00c1frica do Sul \u00cdndia negocia\u00e7\u00f5es crise clima\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1234\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46409\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chefes de&nbsp;Estado&nbsp;se re\u00fanem para o in\u00edcio da C\u00fapula do BRICS em 14 de novembro de 2019 em Bras\u00edlia, antes de a pandemia assolar o mundo (Alamy)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cOs Brics foram um ambiente de importante interlocu\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica\u201d, disse Teixeira ao <em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>. \u201cFoi um momento super interessante de constru\u00e7\u00e3o de confian\u00e7a. Existia uma informalidade na conversa entre os ministros\u201d. O papel diplom\u00e1tico do grupo, acrescenta Teixeira, \u201cfoi absolutamente importante\u201d nas negocia\u00e7\u00f5es que iriam mais tarde culminar com o Acordo de Paris em 2015.<\/p>\n<p>Foi a partir da\u00ed, no entanto, que especialistas enxergam o in\u00edcio do esvaziamento dos Brics, \u00e0 medida que crises econ\u00f4micas e pol\u00edticas sobrecarregaram os pa\u00edses-membros. O bloco vivenciou a recess\u00e3o de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/pt-br\/economia-russa-sofre-maior-recuo-desde-a-crise-mundial\/a-19003437\">R\u00fassia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/g1.globo.com\/economia\/noticia\/2018\/09\/04\/africa-do-sul-entra-em-recessao-pela-1a-vez-desde-2009.ghtml\">\u00c1frica do Sul<\/a> e <a href=\"http:\/\/g1.globo.com\/economia\/noticia\/2015\/12\/economia-em-2015-o-ano-em-que-o-brasil-andou-para-tras.html\">Brasil<\/a>, as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/pt-br\/estrada-no-himalaia-coloca-china-e-%C3%ADndia-%C3%A0-beira-de-conflito\/a-39972873\">tens\u00f5es<\/a> entre China e \u00cdndia e a <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/pt-br\/comercio-e-investimento-pt-br\/12181-bolsonaro-se-elege-no-brasil-com-retorica-hostil-a-china\/\">ret\u00f3rica<\/a> beligerante anti-China do presidente Jair Bolsonaro \u2014 al\u00e9m da guinada do Brasil na desconstru\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas ambientais e em seu isolamento diplom\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cO pa\u00eds entrou na contram\u00e3o do mundo\u201d, resumiu Izabella Teixeira.<\/p>\n<h2>Brics mant\u00e9m relev\u00e2ncia<\/h2>\n<p>Mesmo sem o brilho dos anos de gl\u00f3ria, os Brics mant\u00eam sua relev\u00e2ncia hoje, segundo Costa Vazquez. \u201cOs Brics s\u00e3o o \u00fanico espa\u00e7o que as maiores economias emergentes do mundo possuem para coordenar posi\u00e7\u00f5es e propor iniciativas de interesse comum aos cinco membros. Isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 pouco em se tratando de mais de 30% do PIB mundial\u201d, disse.<\/p>\n<p>Vazquez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalpolicyjournal.com\/blog\/11\/03\/2020\/brics-multilateralism-la-carte\">argumenta<\/a> que, para funcionar, o multilateralismo do bloco foi dando lugar a mais acordos bilaterais. Dessa forma, h\u00e1 mais flexibilidade para limitar a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o quando os interesses divergem e ampli\u00e1-la quando convergem.<\/p>\n<div class='block--pullout-stat block--pullout-stat--float cd-shortcode--factbox'>\n                <p class='block--pullout-stat__title'>Voc\u00ea sabia?<\/p>\n                <div class='block--pullout-stat__content'>\n                    <br \/>\nN\u00e3o existe um estatuto formal de regras nos Brics, e o grupo n\u00e3o funciona como um bloco econ\u00f4mico.<br \/>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<p>Como os Brics n\u00e3o funcionam como um bloco econ\u00f4mico, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politize.com.br\/brics-o-que-voce-precisa-saber\/\">n\u00e3o existe<\/a> um estatuto formal de regras que direcione seu comportamento. Ou seja, o custo de ser membro \u00e9 baixo, e o benef\u00edcio diplom\u00e1tico que isso gera ainda \u00e9 expressivo, <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2020\/11\/why-the-brics-grouping-is-here-to-stay\/\">segundo<\/a> Oliver Stuenkel, da Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Getulio Vargas.<\/p>\n<p>Rela\u00e7\u00f5es diplom\u00e1ticas mais fortes tamb\u00e9m podem refletir no crescimento do com\u00e9rcio bilateral. Por exemplo, as trocas entre Brasil e China <a href=\"https:\/\/valor.globo.com\/brasil\/noticia\/2021\/09\/12\/comercio-brasil-china-deve-bater-novo-recorde-em-2021.ghtml\">devem bater<\/a> novo recorde em 2021. Ano passado, o com\u00e9rcio bilateral atingiu US$ 101 bilh\u00f5es pela primeira vez. At\u00e9 agosto deste ano, o valor j\u00e1 superava os US$ 93 bilh\u00f5es.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e3o \u00e0 toa, Bolsonaro adotou um tom <a href=\"https:\/\/g1.globo.com\/jornal-nacional\/noticia\/2021\/09\/09\/bolsonaro-muda-o-tom-e-diz-que-parceria-com-a-china-e-essencial-para-gestao-da-pandemia-no-brasil.ghtml\">mais ameno<\/a> sobre a China na recente c\u00fapula dos Brics. Enquanto isto, o presidente chin\u00eas Xi Jinping <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202109\/1233897.shtml\">disse<\/a> que, independentemente das dificuldades, os Brics manter\u00e3o uma coopera\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3lida e constante.<\/p>\n<h2>NBD traz esperan\u00e7a aos Brics<\/h2>\n<p>Apesar de poucas novas articula\u00e7\u00f5es em \u00e1reas hist\u00f3ricas de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o como o clima, o principal produto do BRICS, o NBD, est\u00e1 ganhando for\u00e7a. Paulo Nogueira Batista J\u00fanior, economista e vice-presidente do banco entre 2015 e 2017, foi <a href=\"http:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/pt-br\/comercio-e-investimento-pt-br\/25543-nbd-ainda-lento-para-cumprir-promessas\/\">um cr\u00edtico<\/a> \u00e0 lentid\u00e3o do NBD em produzir resultados e cumprir com suas aspira\u00e7\u00f5es de se tornar um banco global.<\/p>\n<p>Hoje, no entanto, Batista J\u00fanior enxerga avan\u00e7os: \u201cNos \u00faltimos dois anos, o banco parece ter se movimentado um pouco mais e alcan\u00e7ou resultados\u201d, disse. \u201cEle aprovou projetos, inclusive programas de apoio de combate \u00e0 Covid-19, continua contratando funcion\u00e1rios, constituindo a sua sede, se desenvolvendo tecnicamente e inaugurou o processo de abertura de novos membros\u201d.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00c9 um banco que j\u00e1 faz parte da paisagem<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>No in\u00edcio de setembro, o NBD <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndb.int\/press_release\/ndb-initiates-membership-expansion-extends-global-outreach-development-bank-established-by-brics-welcomes-the-admission-of-uae-uruguay-and-bangladesh-as-new-members\/\">anunciou<\/a> a inclus\u00e3o de Uruguai, Emirados \u00c1rabes e Bangladesh como membros. Em seis anos de opera\u00e7\u00e3o, aprovou cerca de 80 projetos, com investimentos de US$ 30 bilh\u00f5es. Para o combate \u00e0 Covid-19, o banco <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndb.int\/press_release\/ndb-approves-usd-1-billion-covid-19-emergency-program-loan-brazil\/\">liberou<\/a> US$ 10 bilh\u00f5es aos pa\u00edses-membros dos Brics.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u00c9 um banco que j\u00e1 faz parte da paisagem\u201d, disse Batista J\u00fanior. Seria o mesmo caso dos Brics?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bloco do Sul Global se reuniu sem avan\u00e7ar na coopera\u00e7\u00e3o no clima, mas com impulso no financiamento do desenvolvimento e nas rela\u00e7\u00f5es bilaterais<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000004,"featured_media":50046413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039919],"tags":[50029586,50029833,50003579,50041487],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003526,50003528,50040678,50041038,50041072],"class_list":["post-50046405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-negocios","tag-brics-pt-br","tag-comercio","tag-financas","tag-geopolitica-pt-br","country-brasil-pt-br","country-china-pt-br","country-india-pt-br","country-russia-pt-br","country-south-africa-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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