{"id":50364857,"date":"2023-04-06T17:42:30","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T16:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=64857"},"modified":"2023-06-17T00:42:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T21:42:05","slug":"364837-indigenas-ayoreo-paraguai-grandes-bancos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/florestas\/364837-indigenas-ayoreo-paraguai-grandes-bancos\/","title":{"rendered":"Povo ind\u00edgena pode sumir no Paraguai com aval de grandes bancos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Em 2022, um povo ind\u00edgena isolado desapareceu da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira. Com a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/29\/world\/americas\/man-of-the-hole-death-brazil.html\">morte de um homem<\/a> \u2014 o \u00faltimo membro de uma etnia n\u00e3o contatada \u2014 toda uma cultura deixou de existir. Mas esse fim sombrio n\u00e3o aconteceu de uma hora para a outra: come\u00e7ou d\u00e9cadas antes com a expans\u00e3o desenfreada da pecu\u00e1ria rumo \u00e0 regi\u00e3o Norte.<\/p>\n<p>Agora, outro grupo ind\u00edgena sul-americano enfrenta amea\u00e7a semelhante. O povo Ayoreo vive nas florestas do Gran Chaco, no Paraguai, onde suas terras foram <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/agriculture\/can-gran-chaco-deforestation-food\/\">drasticamente desmatadas<\/a> nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas. Os respons\u00e1veis v\u00e3o desde o governo paraguaio a pecuaristas locais \u2014 e investidores internacionais, como detalhou uma nova an\u00e1lise.<\/p>\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/cash-cattle-and-the-gran-chaco\/\">relat\u00f3rio<\/a>, publicado em 30 de mar\u00e7o pela organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de direitos humanos Global Witness, revela como financiadores internacionais, incluindo o Santander e o BNP Paribas, apoiaram frigor\u00edficos <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthsight.org.uk\/media\/download\/962\">acusados<\/a> de comprar gado de fazendas ligadas ao desmatamento ilegal e \u00e0 grilagem no Chaco paraguaio. As duas empresas implicadas s\u00e3o a paraguaia Frigorifico Concepci\u00f3n e a multinacional brasileira Minerva, tamb\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/deforestation-dividends\/\">denunciada<\/a> por desmatamento ilegal na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira.<\/p>\n<p>O relat\u00f3rio da Global Witness se baseia na investiga\u00e7\u00e3o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthsight.org.uk\/media\/download\/962\">Grand Theft Chaco<\/a>, divulgada em 2020 pela organiza\u00e7\u00e3o brit\u00e2nica Earthsight, que menciona ambas as empresas. Os frigor\u00edficos, no entanto, n\u00e3o fizeram mudan\u00e7as em suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es desde ent\u00e3o, disse o autor do relat\u00f3rio, Charlie Hammans, ao <i>Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/i><div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13319745\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><\/div>Bancos como HSBC, JP Morgan e Santander est\u00e3o por tr\u00e1s do crescimento de ambas as empresas, apoiando a Minerva na venda de a\u00e7\u00f5es e na capta\u00e7\u00e3o de investidores para t\u00edtulos de US$ 1,4 bilh\u00e3o. J\u00e1 o Bank of America, em 2021, subscreveu um t\u00edtulo de US$ 285 milh\u00f5es para o Frigorifico Concepci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>As gestoras de investimentos BlackRock e Vanguard tamb\u00e9m aumentaram significativamente seus ativos na Minerva entre 2019 e 2022: uma passou de US$ 840 mil para US$ 4,8 milh\u00f5es e a outra de US$ 4,5 milh\u00f5es para US$ 8,6 milh\u00f5es, respectivamente.<\/p>\n<h2>Compromissos verdes?<\/h2>\n<p>Esses investimentos, diz a Global Witness, ocorrem apesar de as financiadoras apresentadas no relat\u00f3rio terem compromissos de sustentabilidade por meio de esquemas como a Net-Zero Banking Alliance e a Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_53417\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53417\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/mudanca-climatica-e-energia-pt-br\/53415-setor-financeiro-deve-trabalhar-para-conter-desmatamento-do-gran-chaco\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53417\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Gran-Chaco-deforestation-Paraguay-Argentina_Michael-Edwards_Alamy_C3A66P-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"deforestation cleared land trees\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53417\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><b>Leia mais: <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/mudanca-climatica-e-energia-pt-br\/53415-setor-financeiro-deve-trabalhar-para-conter-desmatamento-do-gran-chaco\/\">Setor financeiro deve trabalhar para conter desmatamento do Gran Chaco<\/a><\/b><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cEsses bancos t\u00eam compromissos volunt\u00e1rios, quase todos com pol\u00edticas de combate ao desmatamento e processos de rastreabilidade extensivos\u201d, disse Hammans. \u201cMas o que descobrimos \u00e9 que ou os processos n\u00e3o est\u00e3o funcionando corretamente, ou eles est\u00e3o apenas aceitando isso como parte de seus neg\u00f3cios, que se trata de ganhar dinheiro\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Como sua an\u00e1lise demonstra, as iniciativas volunt\u00e1rias n\u00e3o t\u00eam sido suficientes para as institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras limparem seus portf\u00f3lios, e a Global Witness tem feito campanha por uma legisla\u00e7\u00e3o mais rigorosa, particularmente na Uni\u00e3o Europeia. \u201cH\u00e1 o <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/forests\/deforestation\/regulation-deforestation-free-products_en\">projeto de lei <\/a>[para impedir a importa\u00e7\u00e3o de bens ligados ao desmatamento para a UE] que est\u00e1 chegando em breve. No entanto, ele n\u00e3o inclui as finan\u00e7as\u201d, disse Hammans.<\/p>\n<p>A Minerva tem 25 abatedouros na Am\u00e9rica do Sul, cinco deles no Paraguai. A empresa <a href=\"https:\/\/minervafoods.com\/en\/sustainability\/\">diz<\/a> que implementou o monitoramento de suas fazendas de abastecimento direto no Paraguai, embora n\u00e3o de <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/agriculture\/37731-the-murky-process-of-licensing-the-amazon-meatpackers\/\">fornecedores indiretos \u2014 o maior problema<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A Minerva n\u00e3o respondeu aos pedidos de coment\u00e1rios da Global Witness, e o Frigorifico Concepci\u00f3n negou qualquer infra\u00e7\u00e3o. Entre as institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras, apenas o BNP Paribas respondeu, dizendo que abordou a empresa brasileira para ter mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es e discutir medidas de rastreabilidade em sua cadeia de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2>Crise de desmatamento no Paraguai<\/h2>\n<p>O Paraguai perdeu 32% de sua floresta tropical nativa entre 2001 e 2021 \u2014 a quarta maior taxa do mundo, atr\u00e1s das ilhas perif\u00e9ricas dos EUA no Pac\u00edfico, Dominica e Haiti, segundo a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/global\/?category=forest-change&amp;map=eyJkYXRhc2V0cyI6W3siZGF0YXNldCI6InBvbGl0aWNhbC1ib3VuZGFyaWVzIiwibGF5ZXJzIjpbImRpc3B1dGVkLXBvbGl0aWNhbC1ib3VuZGFyaWVzIiwicG9saXRpY2FsLWJvdW5kYXJpZXMiXSwiYm91bmRhcnkiOnRydWUsIm9wYWNpdHkiOjEsInZpc2liaWxpdHkiOnRydWV9LHsiZGF0YXNldCI6Ik5ldC1DaGFuZ2UtU1RBR0lORyIsImxheWVycyI6WyJmb3Jlc3QtbmV0LWNoYW5nZSJdLCJvcGFjaXR5IjoxLCJ2aXNpYmlsaXR5Ijp0cnVlLCJwYXJhbXMiOnsidmlzaWJpbGl0eSI6dHJ1ZSwiYWRtX2xldmVsIjoiYWRtMCJ9fV19&amp;showMap=true&amp;treeLossRanked=eyJ1bml0IjoiJSIsImZvcmVzdFR5cGUiOiJwcmltYXJ5X2ZvcmVzdCIsImV4dGVudFllYXIiOjIwMDAsInBhZ2UiOjB9&amp;widget=treeLossRanked\">Global Forest Watch.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e9m da pecu\u00e1ria, uma rodovia intercontinental conhecida como <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/agriculture\/59354-gran-chaco-road-indigenous-biodiversity\/\">Corredor Bioce\u00e2nico<\/a> aumentou o ritmo do desmatamento no Chaco \u2014 segundo maior bioma da Am\u00e9rica do Sul, atr\u00e1s da Amaz\u00f4nia \u2014 e pressionou as comunidades da \u00e1rea.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAs obras est\u00e3o avan\u00e7ando rapidamente, e isto impactar\u00e1 nosso povo\u201d, diz Tag\u00fcide Picanerai, l\u00edder do povo ind\u00edgena Ayoreo. Picanerai vive na capital Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, a cerca de 500 quil\u00f4metros de sua terra natal e de onde tem representado sua comunidade nas negocia\u00e7\u00f5es com o Estado paraguaio.<\/p>\n<p>Nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, muitos dos Ayoreo foram for\u00e7ados a deixar suas terras ancestrais e a mudar seu modo de vida, mas cerca de 150 membros permaneceram sem contato \u2014 o \u00fanico grupo que vive em isolamento volunt\u00e1rio nas Am\u00e9ricas fora da Amaz\u00f4nia. Como ca\u00e7adores-coletores, eles se movimentam pela \u00e1rea coletando frutas e ca\u00e7ando. A <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate-energy\/54953-paraguay-electricity-exporter-power-outages\/\">recente seca<\/a> no pa\u00eds, disse Picanarei, pode ter prejudicado seu acesso \u00e0 alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o. <div class='cdo-shortcode--image'><\/p>\n<h6><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13321470\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>A Zona de Patrim\u00f4nio Natural e Cultural Ayoreo-Totobiegosode, no norte do Paraguai, tem enfrentado crescente press\u00e3o e desmatamento nas \u00faltimas duas d\u00e9cadas (Imagens: Google Earth, Landsat\/Copernicus; Gr\u00e1fico: Di\u00e1logo Chino)<\/h6>\n<p><\/div>Boa parte da \u00e1rea historicamente ocupada pelos Ayoreo \u00e9 agora de propriedade privada, de agricultores menonitas que estabeleceram col\u00f4nias nas d\u00e9cadas de 1940 e 1950 e de grandes neg\u00f3cios de carne bovina do Paraguai e Brasil. O territ\u00f3rio dos Ayoreo abrange 550 mil hectares. Por isso, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es como a Survival International <a href=\"https:\/\/www.survivalinternational.org\/tribes\/ayoreo\">fazem campanha<\/a> para que seja formalmente reconhecido, com t\u00edtulos de terra e prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Mas as negocia\u00e7\u00f5es com o governo paraguaio n\u00e3o t\u00eam avan\u00e7ado, e as invas\u00f5es e a destrui\u00e7\u00e3o continuam.<\/p>\n<p>Em fevereiro de 2022, um grupo de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas sul-americanas <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.survivalinternational.org\/documents\/2053\/220222_PRONUNCIAMIENTO_orgs_indigenas_en_apoyo_a_los_Ayoreo-Totobiegosode.pdf?_gl=1*ptqxyf*_ga*MTI3NzQwNTgxMy4xNjgwMjg3MDE5*_ga_VBQT0CYZ12*MTY4MDI4NzAxOS4xLjEuMTY4MDI4NzcyOS4wLjAuMA..\">divulgou<\/a> uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o alertando sobre o \u201crisco de exterm\u00ednio iminente\u201d do povo Ayoreo e exigindo medidas urgentes para sua prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Mas pouco tem sido feito, segundo Picanerai. Com a aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o das elei\u00e7\u00f5es paraguaias em 30 de abril, ele diz, os sinais s\u00e3o desencorajadores.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cN\u00e3o quero ser pessimista, mas precisamos alertar sobre o que esperar se o partido governista ganhar\u201d, diz ele, acrescentando que o candidato que lidera as pesquisas, Santiago Pe\u00f1a, do partido de centro-direita Colorado, deve permitir a expans\u00e3o da agroind\u00fastria em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao territ\u00f3rio. Ele diz que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.as-coa.org\/articles\/explainer-paraguays-2023-elections\">outros candidatos<\/a> podem estar mais abertos ao di\u00e1logo com seu povo.<\/p>\n<p>Mas como diz Picanerai, e como ressalta a Global Witness, o destino do Ayoreo e suas terras n\u00e3o s\u00e3o apenas uma quest\u00e3o de pol\u00edtica ou econ\u00f4mica para os paraguaios: \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o que se estende muito al\u00e9m de suas fronteiras, a escrit\u00f3rios de investidores internacionais. \u201cA ind\u00fastria da carne bovina, tanto em n\u00edvel local quanto global, tem interesse nesse territ\u00f3rio\u201d, diz ele. \u201cIsso \u00e9 um perigo para o futuro dos Ayoreo, que s\u00e3o absolutamente vulner\u00e1veis\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bancos internacionais apoiam frigor\u00edficos ligados ao desmatamento que amea\u00e7am sobreviv\u00eancia do povo Ayoreo, diz nova investiga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":50364840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039926],"tags":[50003594,50003579,50004529],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003544],"class_list":["post-50364857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-florestas","tag-desmatamento","tag-financas","tag-povos-indigenas","country-paraguai"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Povo ind\u00edgena paraguaio pode sumir com aval de grandes bancos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bancos internacionais t\u00eam apoiado empresas de carne ligadas ao desmatamento que amea\u00e7am sobreviv\u00eancia do povo Ayoreo, aponta nova 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